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Objective To analyze the changes and gender differences of organ coefficients, intestinal length and body size of SJ5-SPF chickens at different weeks of age,and to provide experimental data for the sex selection of laboratory chickens. Methods The body weight,the weight of 15 main organs,and length of 5 main segments of intestine and the 6 main parameters of body size of SJ5-SPF chickens at the age of 4,20,25 and 40 weeks were measured,respectively,and the organ coefficients were calculated. In addition, the gender differences in body weights, organ coefficients, intestinal lengths and body sizes between the female and male SJ5-SPF chickens at the four different weeks of age were compared, respectively. Results There were significant differences in body weights between the male and female SJ5-SPF chickens at each of the four different weeks of age(P < 0.01). The organ coefficients varied between females and males to different extents at different weeks of age. As for the intestinal length,there were no significant differences in the length of jejunum and ileum as well as rectum between the male and female chickens, while the length of duodenum, left cecum and right cecum showed gender differences at some of the four different weeks of age. During the determination of body size, there were gender differences in body length,shank length,pelvic width,chest depth and chest width at two or three of the four different weeks of age. Conclusions The organ coefficients, intestinal length and body size of SJ5-SPF chickens are affected by both their age and gender.
RESUMO
RACIONAL: Segundo a hipótese do intestino longo, o comprimento do intestino delgado estaria relacionado à obesidade. Existem dados evolutivos, anatômicos e neuroendócrinos em favor desta afirmação. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a medida do comprimento do intestino delgado em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e analisar a correlação entre o seu tamanho e o IMC. MÉTODO: A casuística foi composta de 30 pacientes do Serviço de Obesidade do Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba, submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica no período de março a junho de 2009, e previamente avaliados, verificando peso, altura e IMC. A técnica cirúrgica foi a de Fobi-Capella. A mensuração do intestino delgado foi realizada desde a flexura duodenojejunal à junção ileocecal, durante o trans-operatório, utilizando uma pinça de manipulação intestinal, a qual foi marcada com a medida de 10 cm. As alças intestinais foram medidas na margem anti-mesentérica, aplicando-se tensão mínima necessária para retificar as mesmas. Os dados foram correlacionados e tabulados estatisticamente, utilizando-se o método de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: A média do comprimento intestinal para o sexo masculino foi de 582,5 cm e para o sexo feminino de 509,1. A partir do cálculo do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, confirmou-se a ausência de correlação entre IMC e comprimento do intestino delgado. CONCLUSÃO: Obteve-se uma média de tamanho intestinal de 528,7 cm para toda a amostra. O comprimento do intestino delgado não possuiu correspondência com o IMC, não sendo um fator de significância neste estudo.
BACKGROUND: According to the hypothesis of long bowel, the length of small intestine is related to obesity. There are evolutionary, anatomics, neuroendocrines evidences in favor of this assertion. AIM: To check the measure of the small intestine length in overweight patients submitted to bariatric surgery and to analyze the correlation between the intestine size and Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: The sample was composed of 30 patients of Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba, Obesity Service, which had been submitted to bariatric surgery in the period between March and June, 2009. These patients previously had been evaluated, according to their weight, height and BMI. The surgical technique was Fobi-Capella. The measurement of small bowel was carried through the Treitz angle towards the ileocecal junction, during the operation. The instrument used was an intestinal manipulation clamp, which was marked with the measure of 10 cm. The intestinal handles had been measured in the anti-mesenteric edge, applying minimum tension necessary to rectify them. The data were statistically correlated and automatically tabulated, using the Pearson correlation method. RESULTS: The average intestinal length for males was 582,5 cm and for 509,1 cm, medium length 528,7 cm. Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmed the absence of correlation between BMI and the intestinal length. CONCLUSION: The medium length of small intestine was 528,7 cm and it did not have correspondence to BMI.
RESUMO
A total of 322 fetuses and 29 embryos were examined light microscopically to evaluate the morphological development of the human gastrointestinal tract with increasing gestational age. The human embryos were analysed by reconstruction of serial section slides. One hundred and forty fetuses ranging from 15 to 41 weeks of gestation were used for correlating the gestational age and the body weight with the measurement of the small and large intestines. 1) The esophagus develps from the distal part of the foregut through a partition of the tracheoesophageal septum. Initially the esophagus is short, but it elongates rapidly and reaches its final relative length and position by the seventh week. The epithelium of the esophagus proliferates and completely obliterates the lumen by the seventh week, but recanalization occurs by the ninth week. The esophageal epithelia consist of three different groups of cells; stratified squamoid cells, ciliated columnar cells and tall columnar cells by the 21th week. 2) The stomach appears as a fusiform enlargement of the caudal part of the esophagus at the fourth week. During next two weeks the stomach acquires its adult shape and final position. The primordial gastric pits and the parietal cells appear at the eighth and eleventh weeks, respectively. 3) As the midgut elongates, it forms a ventral U-shaped loop, called primitive intestinal loop by the fifth week. At this stage the cecum appears as a swelling from the caudal limb of the intestinal loop. By the seventh week the bulks of the caudal limb of the intestine herniate into the umbilical cord, in which the loop rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise around the axis of the superior mesenteric artery. During the tenth week, the intestine returns to the abdomen and undergoes a further 180 degrees counterclockwise rotatation. 4) The cloaca is divided into two parts by a urorectal septum at the fifth week. By the seventh week the urorectal septum has fused with the cloacal membrane, dividing it into a dorsal anal membrane and ventral urogenital membrane. The anal membrane ruptures at the eighth week. 5) During the sixth week the duodenal lumen becomes completely filled with proliferating epithelium. The villi project from the mucosa of the small and large intestines at the eighth and eleventh weeks, respectively. The villi of large intestine become resorbed again after the 21th week. At the fifth week Paneth cells appear through the entire length of the intestine including the rectum, but disappear in the colon and the rectum after the 36th week. 6) The developing Auerbach's plexuses are well recognized along the outside of muscle coat throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but demonstrate no immunoreactivity for the anti-neuron specific enolase antibody. The neuroblasts in the myenteric plexus reveal strong positivity for the anti-neuron specific enolase antibody at the eleventh week, but the ganglion cells differentiate by the fourteenth week. 7) Differentiation of the gastrointestinal wall and development of the myenteric plexus begin form the esophagus and progress caudally down to the colon. But the anorectal wall is differentiated from the cloaca more earlier than the esophagus, stomach and colon are. 8) The small and the large intestines elongate progressively with the increasing gestational age and body weight and increase approximately 5.6 and 5.4 folds, respectively during the 25 weeks from the 15th to 41th week of gestation. At the 40th gestational week the small intestine is 5.68 times the length of the colon. 9) The correlation between the body weight (BW), crown-rump length (CR) and intestianl length (small intestine (SI), large itestine (LI) is presented as: SI (cm)= -33.67 + 4.14CR + 11.62 (BW)(1/3), LI (cm)= 5.56 + 0.76CR + 0.007BW (gm), CR (cm)= 7.82 + 0.015 SI + 0.41 (BW)(1/2).