Common clinical types and management of secondary glaucoma after ocular trauma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?Ocular trauma related glaucoma is one of secondary glaucoma, which can lead to serious visual loss. According to the complex clinical findings and pathogenesis of ocular trauma related glaucoma, we divide traumatic secondary glaucoma into hyphema related glaucoma, angle recession related, lens injury related, adhesion and proliferation related. The treatment of secondary traumatic glaucoma with ocular trauma were different, specific treatment measures should be given according to the specific case to protect visual function.

Red eyes in the necropsy floor: twenty cases of hyphema in dogs and cats / Olhos vermelhos na sala de necropsia: vinte casos de hifema em cães e gatos

Hyphema (hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye) can be caused by several mechanisms and can easily be detected in routine ophthalmic or necroscopic examination as discolored red eye(s). The purpose of this study is to report the cause of hyphema diagnosed as a postmortem finding in dogs and cats. Twenty cases, 14 dogs and six cats of several ages and breeds and of both sexes were included in the study. Hyphema presented as a unilateral (14 cases out of 20) or bilateral (6/20) disorder in dogs and cats and extension of hemorrhage varied from minimal to diffuse. Hyphema was secondary to systemic disease (15/20) or occurred as a primary ocular lesion (5/20) in four dogs and one cat. Primary hyphema was always unilateral. In four of these cases, the cause of hyphema was trauma and remaining case was caused by phacoclastic uveitis in a dog with bilateral hypermature cataract. Various causes of bleeding disorders were found related to secondary hyphema: in decreasing order of frequency, they included vasculitis (8/15), systemic hypertension (5/15), and acquired coagulopathies (2/15). Vasculitis due to feline infectious peritonitis accounted for half of the cases (n=3) of systemic hyphema in cats. The various pathological aspects and pathogenesis of hyphema in dogs and cats are described and discussed...

Hifema, hemorragia na câmara anterior do olho, pode ser causada por vários mecanismos e pode facilmente ser detectada no exame oftálmico de rotina ou na necropsia como olho(s) vermelhos(s). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar as causas de hifema diagnosticado como um achado postmortem em cães e gatos. Vinte casos, 14 cães e seis gatos de várias idades e raças, e de ambos os sexos foram incluídos no estudo. O hifema em cães e gatos teve uma apresentação unilateral (14 casos dos 20) ou bilateral (6/20), e a extensão da hemorragia variou de mínima a difusa. O hifema era secundário à doença sistêmica (15/20) ou ocorreu como lesão ocular primária em cinco dos 20 casos (quatro cães e um gato). O hifema primário foi sempre unilateral; em quatro desses casos, a causa foi traumatismo e o caso restante foi causado por uveíte facoclástica em um cão com catarata hipermadura bilateral. Várias causas de distúrbios hemorrágicos foram encontradas em relação ao hifema secundário: em ordem decrescente de frequência foram: vasculite (8/15), hipertensão sistêmica (5/15) e coagulopatias adquiridas (2/15). Os vários aspectos patológicos e a patogênese do hifema são descritos e discutidos...

Oculo-Cerebral Syndrome after Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: Oculo-cerebral syndrome is an intraocular hemorrhage and related ocular symptoms caused by sudden increase in intracranial pressure. The authors investigate the clinical significance of oculo-cerebral syndrome after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and analyze the characteristics of aneurysms which caused intraocular hemorrhage in order to help the treatment of intracranial aneurysm patients. METHODS: From January 2000 to May 2001, 103 patients were admitted to our hospital and diagnosed as spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. We divided the patients into two groups:81 patients without intraocular hemorrhage(non-IOH) and 22 patients with intraocular hemorrhage(IOH). The authors prospectively analyzed the prognostic factors of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage by chi-square test. RESULTS: The initial neurologic state was poor in the IOH group(p<0.001). The Fisher's grade was higher than non-IOH group(p<0.001), and intracranial hemorrhage was great in the IOH group(p<0.001). The prognosis was poor in the IOH group at discharge(p<0.001). The most common rupture site in the IOH group was the anterior communicating artery(p<0.001). Frontal intracerebral hematoma was specific to intraocular hemorrhage(p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between intraocular hemorrhage and rebleeding(p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The authors suggest that oculo-cerebral syndrome is clinically significant with a poor prognostic factor in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The Significance of Intraocular Hemorrhage in Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A sudden increase in intracranial pressure due to spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage or head trauma may result in intraocular hemorrhage. To determine the prognostic implications, the incidence of this after SAH, and 157 consecutive patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage were prospectively studied by means of indirect fundoscopy. In 20(12.7%) of these patients, intraocular hemorrhage was seen on initial examination. Mean initial Hunt and Hess and Fisher CT grades were higher in SAH patients with intraocular hemorrhage than in those without(3.57 and 3.57 ; 2.56 and 2.70, respectively, the differences were those without statistically significant. The anatomic distribution of ruptured aneurysm was different in patients with intraocular hemorrhage and thoes without. The overall mortality rate was 19%(26 of 137 patients), but 50%(10 of 20 patients) with intraocular hemorrhage died. Based on the results of the above study we can conclude that in cases of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraocular hemorrhage is not infrequent and that its prognosis is poor.