Research Progress on Assessment of Blood Supply of Spinal Tumors and Methods of Reducing Intraoperative Blood Loss / 肿瘤防治研究

In order to avoid the intra- and post-operative risks caused by massive blood loss, there are various clinical methods for evaluating the blood supply of the tumor and the distribution of blood vessels around the tumor before surgery, such as dynamic enhanced CT, dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction angiography, etc. And there are a variety of pre- and intra-operative methods to reduce tumor bleeding, such as transarterial vertebral tumor embolization, percutaneous or transpedicular injection of Onyx/NBCA, antifibrinolytic drugs, controlled deliberate hypotension, etc. This article reviews on spinal tumor blood supply assessment and the methods to reduce the amount of surgical bleeding.

Eficacia del ácido tranexámico en la disminución del sangrado intraoperatorio en pacientes sometidas a cesárea segmentaria / Effectiveness of tranexamic acid in intraoperative bleeding reduction in C-section patients

Con el objetivo de determinar la eficacia del ácido tranexámico (AT) en la disminución del sangrado intraoperatorio en pacientes sometidas a cesárea segmentaria que ingresaron al Servicio de Emergencias Obstétricas del Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio María Pineda, se realizó un estudio tipo ensayo clínico controlado, simple ciego, con una muestra de 30 pacientes distribuidas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: grupo A recibió AT 30 minutos previos a la intervención quirúrgica y el grupo B recibió cristaloides. En el grupo B se observó una discreta disminución en el valor promedio de la hemoglobina post-cesárea comparado con el valor basal. Los efectos adversos del AT fueron nauseas 53,3%, taquicardia (33,3%) y edema facial (6,6%). Ninguna paciente requirió la administración de hemoderivados durante el transoperatorio. El valor promedio de pérdidas sanguíneas observadas en los grupos con y sin AT fue de 390 ± 160,5 cc y 773,3 ± 174,9 cc, respectivamente (p = 0,000). Se concluye que la administración de AT disminuye las pérdidas sanguíneas observadas en pacientes sometidas a cesárea segmentaria(AU)

In order to determine the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TA) in the reduction of intraoperative bleeding in patients undergoing cesarean section (C-section) admitted to the Obstetric Emergency Service of the Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio Maria Pineda we performed a controlled, single blind, clinical trial with 30 patients who were randomly assigned in two groups: group A received TA and group B received crystalloids, 30 minutes before surgery. Lower mean hemoglobin post-surgery values compared to baseline were observed in the group that did not receive TA. Adverse effects of TA were nausea (53.3%), tachycardia (33.3%) and facial edema (6.6%). No patient required the administration of blood products during the transoperative period. Average observed blood losses in the AT and control groups were 390 ± 160.5 cc to 773.3 ±174.9 cc, respectively (p = 0.000). We conclude that tranexamic acid decreases observed blood losses in patients undergoing C-section(AU)

Use of microwave scalpel in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical use of microwave scalpel in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma without hepatic vascular inflow occlusion.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 126 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from December 2015 to August 2018.The patients included 111 males and 15 females,with ages which ranged from 25 to 75 years.These patients were divided into two groups by the different surgical resection methods:the microwave scalpel hepatectomy (MSH) group which employed microwave scalpels to perform hepatectomy (n =42),and the ultrasound scalpel hepatectomy (USH) group which employed ultrasound scalpels (n =84).The perioperative conditions which included baseline data,amount of intraoperative bleeding,liver function after operation,and morbidity of postoperative complications were compared.Results There were no significant differences in the preoperative indexes which included tumor diameter,number of tumors,levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) between the 2 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).In the MSH group,the amount of intraoperative bleeding was 100.0 (100.0,200.0) ml,which was significantly lower than the 300.0 (100.0,400.0) ml in the USH group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the USH group,the levels of AST and ALT on postoperative day 1,3,7 after operation in the MSH group were significantly lower (all P ＜ 0.05),and the corresponding albumin levels were significantly higher than the USH group (P ＜0.05).The incidence of complications was 4.8％ (2/42) in the MSH group which was significantly lower than that of 20.2％ (17/84) in the USH group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Microwave scalpel significantly reduced intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications,and led to less liver functional injury.

Value of Head and Neck CT Angiography in the Clinical Evaluation of Intraoperative Bleeding Volume of Carotid Body Tumours / 中国医学科学院学报

To investigate the value of head and neck CT angiography(CTA)in the evaluation of intraoperative hemorrhage of carotid body tumours. Head and neck CTA images of 36 patients with carotid body tumours confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups based on the intraoperative bleeding volume:<500 ml and≥500 ml groups.The patient's age,sex,Shamblin classification,size of the lesion,number of blood supply arteries,course of the disease,plain scan,and enhanced CT value between two groups were compared and analyzed.Logistics regression equation was established based on the CTA parameters with significant differences between the two intraoperative bleeding volume groups,and combined parameter was acquired.The receiver operating characteristic curve was established based on CTA single and combined parameters. The bleeding volume during the operation of carotid body tumors was significantly correlated with the age of patients(=0.019),the maximum diameter of tumours on axial images(=0.003),the maximum upper and lower diameters(=0.004),Shamblin classification(=0.012),and number of blood supply arteries(<0.001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the number of feeding arteries,the maximum diameter of axial images,maximum upper and lower diameters,Shamblin classification,and combined parameters were 0.865,0.781,0.806,0.766,and 0.927,respectively.When the optimal critical value was 0.408,the Youden index was 0.794,and the corresponding accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity were 0.919,0.909,and 0.923,respectively. Preoperative head and neck CTA can be used to evaluate the intraoperative blood loss.Combined parameters has the best diagnostic performance compared with single parameters.

Superior Thyroid Artery Arising From the Common Carotid Artery- Potential Source for Unpredicted Intraoperative Bleeding- A Cadaveric Case Report

Superior thyroid artery usually arises from the anterior surface of external carotid artery as its first branch. Superior thyroid artery forms an important collateral circulation in case of unilateral occlusion of common carotid artery. Due to the close relation with superior thyroid artery, external laryngeal nerve is prone to injury during thyroid surgery. Superior thyroid artery occasionally arises from the bifurcation of common carotid artery or from the common carotid artery. In the present cadaveric case, during the routine neck dissection of the cadaver in department of anatomy, anomalous origin of the left superior thyroid artery was found. It was originating from the left common carotid artery at a distance of 1.8 cm proximal to the bifurcation of common carotid artery. The length of left superior thyroid artery was 3.2 cm. left Inferior thyroid artery was present and no anomaly was found. Right superior and inferior thyroid arteries were present and no variations were found. Knowledge about these variations in the origin of superior thyroid artery is extremely important in head and neck surgeries to prevent inadvertant injury and avoid torrential bleeding

Comparison of the effect of closed reduction and internal fixation with open reduction and internal fixation on the restoration of double ankle joint function and the degree of pain in patients with comminuted double malleolus fracture after operation / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the effect of closed reduction internal fixation and open reduction and internal fixation on the recovery of double ankle joint function and the degree of pain in patients with comminuted double malleolus fracture after operation.Methods From June 2015 to March 2017,78 patients with comminuted malleolus fracture in the Department of Orthopedics from Changzhi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table ,with 39 cases in each group.The control group was treated with open reduction and internal fixation ,and the study group was treated with closed reduction and internal fixation.The amount of bleeding ,operation time,time of hospitalization were compared between the two groups.Six months after operation,the ankle function and pain score were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results All the operations of 78 patients were successfully performed.The operative blood loss,operative time and hospitalization time in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t＝4.65,14.63,7.83,all P＜0.05).Six months after operation,the excellent and good rate of the double ankle function in the study group (97.44%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (74.36%)(χ2＝6.77,P＝0.01).The pain scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (t＝24.84,33.81,all P＜0.01).Six months after treatment,the pain score in the study group[(1.74 ±0.55)points]was significantly lower than that of the control group [(2.78 ± 0.80)points] (t＝6.69,P＜0.01).Conclusion Closed reduction and internal fixation for the patients with commi-nuted malleolus fracture after the operation of the joint without reduction ,are beneficial to promote the recovery of the double ankle joint function and reduce the pain degree ,and have the advantages of small wound ,less bleeding in the operation,short operation time and short hospitalization time.The clinical application should be popularized.

The Influence of Antiplatelet Drug Medication on Spine Surgery

BACKGROUND: The incidence of cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases has been increasing with the aging of the population, and antiplatelet drugs (APDs) are more frequently used than in the past. With the average age of spinal surgery patients also increasing, there has been a great concern on the adverse effects of APD on spine surgery. To our knowledge, though there have been many studies on this issue, their results are conflicting. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of APDs on spine surgery in terms of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative spinal epidural hematoma complication. METHODS: Patients who underwent posterior thoracolumbar decompression and instrumentation at our institution were reviewed. There were 34 APD takers (APDT group). Seventy-nine non-APD takers (NAPDT group) were selected as a control group in consideration of demographic and surgical factors. There were two primary endpoints of this study: the amount of bleeding per 10 minutes and cauda equina compression by epidural hematoma measured at the cross-sectional area of the thecal sac in the maximal compression site on the axial T2 magnetic resonance imaging scans taken on day 7. RESULTS: Both groups were homogeneous regarding age and sex (demographic factors), the number of fused segments, operation time, and primary/revision operation (surgical factors), and the number of platelets, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time (coagulation-related factors). However, the platelet function analysis-epinephrine was delayed in the APDT group than in the NAPDT group (203.6 seconds vs. 170.0 seconds, p = 0.050). Intraoperative bleeding per 10 minutes was 40.6 ± 12.8 mL in the APDT group and 43.9 ± 9.9 mL in the NAPDT group, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.154). The cross-sectional area of the thecal sac at the maximal compression site by epidural hematoma was 120.2 ± 48.2 mm2 in the APDT group and 123.2 ± 50.4 mm2 in the NAPDT group, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.766). CONCLUSIONS: APD medication did not increase intraoperative bleeding and postoperative spinal epidural hematoma. Therefore, it would be safer to perform spinal surgery without discontinuation of APD therapy in patients who are vulnerable to cardiovascular and neurovascular complications.

Convexity Meningioma En Plaque Presenting with Diffuse Hyperostosis of the Skull

Although meningioma is a common and benign intracranial tumor, meningioma en plaque is a rare tumor, especially in the cranial vault. Meningioma en plaque(MEP) usually occurs in the area of the sphenoid wing, and it causes cosmetic and visual problems, as well as the problems that are due to its mass effect. The authors present here a case of convexity meningioma en plaque that involved the skull and scalp with diffuse hyperostosis as the presenting salient radiological findings, which caused marked intraoperative bleeding.