Medical and forensic aspects of performing a remote interrogation of persons with disabilities / Aspectos médicos y forenses de la realización de un interrogatorio a distancia a personas con discapacidad / Aspectos médicos e forenses da realização de um interrogatório remoto de pessoas com deficiências

The purpose of the study is to develop new proposals for improving criminal procedural legislation in the field of conducting remote investigative actions with disabled persons, taking into account their physiological and functional characteristics. Research material and methods: This study is based on an analysis of the norms regarding the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a number of foreign states that regulate the procedure for conducting remote investigative actions - as well as scientific publications on the research topic in the field of psychology and medicine. An integrated approach involves considering the studied phenomena of communication during an investigative action as a set of interconnected and interdependent elements, i.e., consideration of the issue from the medical, psychological and legal points of view. Situational and systemic types of analysis, complex sociological analysis, diagnostics and forecasting investigative situation were also used. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis were employed to clarify the legal essence of the studied phenomenon. Findings: practical recommendations aimed at improving and developing the performance of remote investigative actions involving persons with disabilities (further ­ FWDs) y creating optimal conditions for the transfer of verbal, medical, and psychological information, as well as technical and forensic support for conducting RIAs. The following conclusions were made: in order to improve the current legislation, it is advisable to consider the issue of developing and including a special norm in the legislation, taking into account the characteristics of the communicative competencies of persons with disabilities. This norm regulates the procedure for conducting investigative actions involving the mute, deaf, blind and other persons with disabilities.

El objetivo del estudio es elaborar nuevas propuestas de mejora de la legislación procesal penal en el ámbito de la realización de actuaciones de investigación a distancia con personas con discapacidad, teniendo en cuenta sus características fisiológicas y funcionales. Material y métodos de investigación: Este estudio se basa en un análisis de las normas relativas a la legislación procesal penal de la República de Kazajstán y de una serie de Estados extranjeros que regulan el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación a distancia -, así como publicaciones científicas sobre el tema de investigación en el campo de la psicología y la medicina. Un enfoque integrado implica considerar los fenómenos estudiados de comunicación durante una acción de investigación como un conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependientes, es decir, considerar la cuestión desde los puntos de vista médico, psicológico y jurídico. También se utilizaron los tipos de análisis situacional y sistémico, el análisis sociológico complejo, el diagnóstico y la previsión de la situación de investigación. Se emplearon métodos de análisis y síntesis, inducción, deducción, métodos de análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo para aclarar la esencia jurídica del fenómeno estudiado. Conclusiones: recomendaciones prácticas destinadas a mejorar y desarrollar la realización de acciones de investigación a distancia en las que participen personas con discapacidad (en adelante - RIA) y crear condiciones óptimas para la transferencia de información verbal, médica y psicológica, así como apoyo técnico y forense para la realización de las RIA. Se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones:con el fin de mejorar la legislación actual, es aconsejable considerar la cuestión de desarrollar e incluir una norma especial en la legislación, teniendo en cuenta las características de las competencias comunicativas de las personas con discapacidad. Esta norma regula el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación en las que estén implicadas personas mudas, sordas, ciegas y otras personas con discapacidad.

O objetivo do estudo é desenvolver novas propostas para aprimorar a legislação processual penal no campo da realização de ações investigativas remotas com pessoas com deficiência, levando em conta suas características fisiológicas e funcionais. Material e métodos de pesquisa: Este estudo baseia-se em uma análise das normas relativas à legislação processual penal da República do Cazaquistão e de vários países estrangeiros que regulamentam o procedimento para a realização de ações investigativas remotas, bem como em publicações científicas sobre o tópico de pesquisa no campo da psicologia e da medicina. Uma abordagem integrada envolve a consideração dos fenômenos estudados de comunicação durante uma ação investigativa como um conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependentes, ou seja, a consideração da questão dos pontos de vista médico, psicológico e jurídico. Também foram usados tipos de análise situacional e sistêmica, análise sociológica complexa, diagnóstico e previsão da situação investigativa. Métodos de análise e síntese, indução, dedução, métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa foram empregados para esclarecer a essência legal do fenômeno estudado. Resultados: recomendações práticas com o objetivo de aprimorar e desenvolver o desempenho de ações investigativas remotas envolvendo pessoas com deficiência (mais adiante - FWDs), criando condições ideais para a transferência de informações verbais, médicas e psicológicas, bem como suporte técnico e forense para a realização de RIAs. Foram feitas as seguintes conclusões: para aprimorar a legislação atual, é aconselhável considerar a questão do desenvolvimento e da inclusão de uma norma especial na legislação, levando em conta as características das competências comunicativas das pessoas com deficiência. Essa norma regulamenta o procedimento para conduzir ações investigativas envolvendo pessoas mudas, surdas, cegas e outras pessoas com deficiência.

Epidemiology and exposure management of rabies in Shanxi Province， 2011‒2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological features and influencing factors of rabies in Shanxi Province，and to provide evidence to further promote the elimination of rabies in Shanxi Province. MethodsThe incidence data of rabies in Shanxi from 2011 to 2022 were collected and subjected to descriptive analysis. ResultsFrom 2011 to 2022， a total of 348 rabies cases were reported in Shanxi Province， with an average annual incidence of 0.080 3/105. The incidence of rabies showed a downward trend overall. The highest incidence was in August. The cases were mainly farmers， mostly males， and most cases were reported between 50 and 69 years old. The data of cases showed that dogs were the main animals attacking human （93.96%）. The incubation period of most cases was 1‒3 months （37.37%）.The main exposure site was hand（51.33%）. Only 2.66% cases with grade Ⅲ exposure were injected with passive immune agents. ConclusionThe incidence of rabies in Shanxi Province continues to decrease， but there are still loopholes in prevention and control measures. It is necessary to strengthen the management and immunization of dogs，health education， and standardized procedures after exposure to maintain the achievements in the prevention and control of rabies.

Analysis of information labeling in instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs in 34 children’s medical institutions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To understand the information labeling of children’s medication in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs commonly used in children’s medical institutions， analyze the existing problems， and propose relevant suggestions. METHODS The instructions for 100 antitussive and expectorant drugs commonly used in 20 tertiary children’s hospitals （centers） and 14 maternal and child health hospitals （centers） with regional representativeness in China were collected， and the information labeling of children’s medication in the instructions was investigated and analyzed. RESULTS There were only 7 kinds of antitussive and expectorant drugs for children， and the others were non-specific drugs for children. Among antitussive and expectorant drugs， tablets accounted for 18.00%， injections for 18.00%， and capsules for 4.00%. Among 100 antitussive and expectorant drugs， 72 （72.00%） labeled the usage and dosage for children， 63 （63.00%） labeled the medication items for children， 59 （59.00%） indicated the information of children in the precautions， and pharmacokinetic parameters for children were absent. Compared with imported antitussive and expectorant drugs or the drugs manufactured by joint ventures， there were many missing labeling of medication information for children with Chinese drugs. Among 63 kinds of drug instructions labeled with medication items for children， various instructions information had little guiding significance. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of labeling in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs for children， and the proportion of special drugs for children remains low. Pediatric drug information in the instructions has little guiding significance for pediatric medication. Relevant departments should further promote the completeness of pediatric medication information in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs to ensure the rational use of children’s medication.

La autopsia psicológica en Colombia: ¿Concepto o procedimiento para la investigación científica? Una revisión sistemática

Introducción: La literatura científica reporta que la autopsia psicológica desde sus inicios fue utilizada con la finalidad de ayudar a determinar las circunstancias de muerte de una persona, no obstante, en la actualidad se acoge más como concepto que como una herramienta procedimental. Objetivo: Establecer si en Colombia se ha utilizado para reconstruir los aspectos pre mortem de quienes han fallecido en extrañas circunstancias, de acuerdo con la finalidad de esta. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en 10 bases de datos; se emplearon como palabras clave "autopsia psicológica" y "Colombia", bajo una ventana de observación entre 2010 al 2021; por medio del método PRISMA. Resultados: Se evidencia que en Colombia durante los últimos 10 años el número de estudios asciende a 19, publicados en bases de datos, de los cuales 16 no emplearon el procedimiento de autopsia psicológica y solo tres de ellos sí lo hicieron. Discusión: Existe una tendencia a emplear la autopsia psicológica como concepto desde un enfoque clínico para respaldar los análisis retrospectivos, que, como técnica o procedimiento, se distancia de la posibilidad de reconstruir la criminodinámica del delito, así como la reconstrucción de aspectos de la personalidad, el estado mental y el estilo de vida de quién ha fallecido. Conclusiones: Se resalta que en Colombia la autopsia psicológica se ha utilizado exclusivamente en el campo clínico, sin el rigor científico, metodológico y sin la validez del protocolo empleado.

Introduction: The scientific literature reports that psychological autopsy from its beginnings was used with the purpose of helping to determine the circumstances of death of a person, however, it is currently embraced more as a concept than as a procedural tool. Objective: to establish if in Colombia it has been used to reconstruct the pre-mortem aspects of those who have died under strange circumstances, according to its purpose. Methodology: a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out in 10 databases, using as keywords psychological autopsy and Colombia, under a window of observation between 2010 and 2021; using the PRISMA method. Results: they show that in Colombia during the last 10 years the number of studies published in databases amounts to 19, of which 16 did not use the psychological autopsy procedure and only three of them did. Discussion: There is a tendency to use psychological autopsy as a concept from a clinical approach to support retrospective analyses rather than as a technique or procedure, distancing us from the possibility of reconstructing the criminodynamics of the crime, as well as reconstructing aspects of the personality, mental state and lifestyle of the deceased. Conclusions: it is highlighted that in Colombia the psychological autopsy has been used exclusively in the clinical field, without the scientific and methodological rigor and without the validity of the protocol used.

¿Son fiables las ruedas de reconocimiento como prueba de identificación del autor de un delito? Una revisión de meta-análisis y estudios experimentales / Are police line-ups reliable as evidence of perpetrator identification? A review of meta-analyses and experimental studies / As rodas de reconhecimento são confiáveis como prova de identificação do autor do crime? Uma revisão de metanálises e estudos experimentais

La rueda de reconocimiento es una diligencia de investigación policial orientada a identificar al autor de un crimen. Se trata de una práctica relativamente frecuente que puede tener como resultado consolidar sospechas o también descartar líneas de investigación. La rueda de reconocimiento suele estar precedida de la exposición de un álbum de fotos y también es frecuente solicitar al mismo testigo que haga una descripción o un retrato robot del atacante. Existen fundadas sospechas de que la concatenación de estas diligencias policiales de identificación desvirtúa la eficacia de la declaración del testigo presencial para elegir al verdadero culpable, en caso de que esté presente en la rueda. También existen algunas controversias con respecto a la fiabilidad de la rueda de reconocimiento en función de la edad del testigo, del número de personas que la conforman, del procedimiento para llevarla a cabo, entre otras. Con el objetivo de acotar la evidencia empírica en torno a estas cuestiones, se presenta una revisión de estudios meta-analíticos y diversos estudios experimentales, desde los cuales se han podido identificar los procedimientos más adecuados para optimizar la eficacia en la precisión de la declaración de los testigos presenciales de un delito en el contexto de una rueda de reconocimiento.

The line-up is a police investigative procedure aimed at identifying the perpetrator of a crime. It is a relatively common practice that can result in consolidating suspicions or ruling out lines of investigation. The identification parade is usually preceded by the exhibition of a photo album and it is also common to ask the same witness to make a description or sketch of the perpetrator. There are strong suspicions that the concatenation of these police identification steps undermines the effectiveness of the eyewitness statement in identifying the real culprit, if present at the line-up. There is also some controversy regarding the reliability of the identification parade, depending on the age of the witness, the number of people involved, the procedure for carrying it out, among others. In order to narrow down the empirical evidence on these issues, a review of meta-analytical studies and various experimental studies is presented, based on which it has been possible to identify the most appropriate procedures to optimise the effectiveness in the accuracy of eyewitness testimony in the context of a line-up.

A roda de reconhecimento é um procedimento de investigação policial que visa identificar o autor de um crime. É uma prática relativamente comum que pode resultar na consolidação de suspeitas ou na exclusão de linhas de investigação. A roda de identificação é geralmente precedida pela exibição de um álbum de fotos e é comum pedir à mesma testemunha que faça uma descrição ou um esboço do autor do crime. Há fortes suspeitas de que a concatenação dessas etapas de identificação policial prejudica a eficácia do depoimento da testemunha ocular na identificação do verdadeiro culpado, se presente nessa fase. Há também alguma controvérsia quanto à confiabilidade da roda de reconhecimento, dependendo da idade da testemunha, do número de pessoas envolvidas, do procedimento para realizá-la, entre outros. A fim de restringir as evidências empíricas sobre essas questões, é apresentada uma revisão de estudos metanalíticos e experimentais, a partir dos quais foi possível identificar os procedimentos mais adequados para otimizar a eficácia na precisão do depoimento de testemunhas oculares no contexto de uma roda de reconhecimento.

The use of citizen information in criminal investigation through a collaborative technological innovation process to counteract theft from the person in Bogotá / El uso de la información ciudadana en la investigación criminal mediante un proceso de innovación tecnológico colaborativo para contrarrestar el hurto a personas en Bogotá / O uso da informação dos cidadãos na investigação criminal através de um processo colaborativo de inovação tecnológica para combater o roubode pessoas em Bogotá

Theft from the person is one of the highest impact crimes in Bogotá, with a national share of approximately 38 %. This crime brought to the attention of the authorities is referred to by academics as recorded or reported crime and is used by the police for different purposes, particularly for criminal investigation, but with inefficient results in the identification of perpetrators. Therefore, the type of research is qualitative and has the objective of linking the citizen through a process of collaborative technological innovation, with the purpose of collecting, processing and analysing reported or non-reported information (hidden crime) in a timely, anonymous and efficient manner with disruptive technologies prioritized for the project.The methodology used begins with the discovery stage by identifying key actors and building user stories. Then, in the understanding stage, the value proposition is put forth by means of a hypothesis that is validated in a process of experimentation, and finally, in the build stage, a technology watch analysis is carried out and the proposal for the collaborative system between the citizen and the police with a technological approach is put forward. The results are based on the identification and prioritization of five technologies, two actors, three variables and application of six low and medium fidelity prototypes, as well as the acceptance of citizens in collecting and sharing timely information at 87 %; that information focuses on video, audio, photos and localization at 55 %.On the other hand, with the entry into operation of the collaborative system, the researchers indicate that it would optimise investigation by 50 % through the timely identification of the perpetrators. As for the conclusion, the information analyzed and obtained from the results allows to reach, in a first phase, validation of the established hypothesis, but at the same time recognising the importance of including methodologies such as System Dynamics that allow for the systemic analysis of the information established by other actors and its impact on the proposed collaborative system.The use of citizen information in criminal investigation through a collaborative technological innovation process to counteract theft from the person in Bogotá

El hurto a personas es uno de los delitos de mayor impacto en temas de seguridad para Bogotá con una participación a nivel nacional del 38 % aproximadamente. Este delito puesto en conocimiento de las autoridades es denominado por académicos como criminalidad registrada o denunciada y es utilizada por la institución policial para diferentes fines, en especial para la investigación criminal, pero con resultados poco eficientes en la identificación de victimarios. Por lo tanto, el tipo de investigación es cualitativa y tiene como objetivo vincular al ciudadano mediante un proceso de innovación tecnológico colaborativo, con el propósito de recolectar, tratar y analizar información denunciada y no denunciada (criminalidad oculta) de manera oportuna, anónima y eficiente con tecnologías disruptivas priorizadas para el proyecto. La metodología empleada inicia con la etapa de descubrir mediante la identificación de actores claves y la construcción de historias de usuario. Luego, en la etapa comprender se plantea la propuesta de valor mediante una hipótesis que se valida en un proceso de experimentación, y por último en la etapa construir, se realiza un análisis de vigilancia tecnológica y se plantea la propuesta del sistema colaborativo entre el ciudadano y la policía con enfoque tecnológico. Los resultados se basan en la identificación y priorización de cinco tecnologías, dos actores, tres variables y aplicación de seis prototipos de baja y mediana fidelidad, así como la aceptación de la ciudadanía en recolectar y compartir información oportuna en un87 %, esa información se centra en videos, audios, fotos y localización con un 55 %. Por otro lado, con la entrada en funcionamiento del sistema colaborativo, los investigadores indican que optimizaría la investigación en un 50 % mediante la identificación oportuna de los victimarios. En cuanto a la conclusión, la información analizada y obtenida de los resultados, permite llegar en una primera fase, a validar la hipótesis establecida, pero a la vez, la importancia de incluir metodologías como la Dinámica de Sistemas que permita el análisis sistémico de la información establecida por otros actores y su impacto en el sistema colaborativo propuesto.

O roubo de pessoas é um dos crimes de maior impacto nas questões de segurança de Bogotá, com uma participação nacional de aproximadamente 38 %. Este crime levado ao conhecimento das autoridades é denominado pelos acadêmicos como crime registrado ou denunciado e é utilizado pela instituição policial para diversos fins, principalmente para investigação criminal, mas com resultados ineficientes na identificação dos autores. Portanto, o tipo de pesquisa é qualitativo e visa vincular os cidadãos por meio de um processo colaborativo de inovação tecnológica, com o objetivo de coletar, tratar e analisar informações denunciadas e não denunciadas (crimes ocultos) de maneira oportuna, anônima e eficiente, priorizando tecnologias disruptivas. para o projeto. A metodologia utilizada começa com a fase de descoberta, identificando os principais atores e construindo histórias de usuários. Depois, na fase de compreensão, é proposta a proposta de valor através de uma hipótese que é validada num processo de experimentação e, finalmente, na fase de construção, é realizada uma análise de vigilância tecnológica e é proposta a proposta de um sistema colaborativo entre cidadãos. e a polícia com foco tecnológico. Os resultados baseiam-se na identificação e priorização de cinco tecnologias, dois atores, três variáveis e aplicação de seis protótipos de baixa e média fidelidade, bem como na aceitação dos cidadãos na recolha e partilha de informação atempada em 87 %, esta informação centra-se em vídeos, áudios, fotos e localização com 55 %. Por outro lado, com a entrada em funcionamento do sistema colaborativo, os investigadores indicam que otimizaria a investigação em 50 % através da identificação atempada dos autores. Quanto à conclusão, a informação analisada e obtida a partir dos resultados permite-nos chegar numa primeira fase à validação da hipótese estabelecida, mas ao mesmo tempo, a importância de incluir metodologias como a Dinâmica de Sistemas que permite a análise sistémica da informação estabelecida por outros atores e seu impacto no sistema colaborativo proposto.

Clinicopathological correlation of various prostatic lesions with serum prostate-specific antigen level – A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Background: The prostate is a male reproductive accessory gland which gives rise to several pathological conditions. The present study aims to study the correlation of histopathology of prostatic diseases with the clinical profile of the patient coming to VSS Medical College (VSSMC), Burla for histopathological reporting of prostatic biopsies. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To correlate serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level with various clinical and pathological lesions of the prostrate gland, in a Hospital-based sample of Western Odisha population. (2) As the male gender represents almost half of the entire population, to find out different clinicopathological lesions, percentage-wise, so as to know the frequency of occurrence of such lesions. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven cases of prostatic diseases were recorded in the Department of Pathology, VSSMC, Burla for histopathological examination of prostatic tissue for 2 years from September 2017 to August 2019. All the samples were fixed in 5 ? sections with 10% neutral buffered formalin. Then Hematoxylin and Eosin stain (H and E stain) was used for staining. Appropriate clinical data comprising signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and serum PSA levels were recorded. Results: The present study, in the beginning, consisted of 64 patients, out of which seven patients were excluded by exclusion criteria, and finally, 57 cases were analyzed. The most prevalent age group for all prostatic diseases was 61–70 years with a mean of 67 years. The majority of the cases (73.67%) were benign mostly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was 12.29% and malignant cases (all adenocarcinoma) were also 12.29%. All patients showed prostatomegaly. About 50% of cases suggestive of malignancy by digital rectal examination (DRE) were confirmed to be carcinoma by histopathological study. Serum creatinine level was raised in 16.27% of benign and 21.42% of premalignant and malignant conditions. Serum PSA level below 4 ng/mL were all benign and above 10 ng/mL were majority malignant conditions. However, at level 4–10 ng/mL, BPH and PIN cases were overlapped with cases of carcinoma. Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most commonly encountered prostatic lesion. Serum PSA level <4 ng/mL is associated with benign conditions and more than 10 ng/mL is associated more with carcinomas. Although, investigations such as DRE and serum PSA estimation aid in diagnosis, a definitive diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of prostate can be made by histopathological study of prostatic biopsies.

Experiencia en la introducción de resultados científicos desde la formación doctoral / Experience in the introduction of scientific results from the doctoral training i: en

Durante estos años, condicionados por los efectos de una pandemia y la situación económica global, la incorporación oportuna de los resultados científico-técnicos es necesidad y responsabilidad de la comunidad científica. En este trabajo se expone una experiencia en la introducción de resultados científicos desde la formación doctoral, dirigida al área de la atención inicial al paciente con traumatismo maxilofacial. La importancia de esta práctica radica en los aportes social, científico y profesional y en la formación de recursos humanos para lograr la transformación y el mejoramiento de la realidad.

During these years, conditioned by the effects of a pandemic and the global economic situation, the opportune incorporation of the scientific technical results is necessity and responsibility of scientific community. An experience in the introduction of scientific results from the doctoral training, directed to the area of initial care to the patient with maxillofacial traumatism, is presented in this work. The importance of this practice resides in the social, scientific, professional contributions and in the formation of human resources to achieve the transformation and improvement of reality.

Concepción del impacto social en las tesis doctorales de las ciencias biomédicas / Conception of social impact in biomedical science doctoral dissertations i: en

Introducción: La concepción del impacto social de las tesis doctorales en ciencias biomédicas ha requerido un enfoque integrador que privilegie una orientación de ciencia e innovación tecnológica en salud, para la transferencia de progresos e innovaciones biomédicas. Objetivo: Describir la concepción del impacto social en las tesis doctorales en ciencias biomédicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, desde diciembre del 2022 hasta marzo del 2023, de 40 informes de tesis doctorales -seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple- publicados en el Repositorio de Tesis en Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud en Cuba. A tal efecto, la variable concepción del impacto social en dichas tesis fue evaluada según 3 indicadores medidos en las categorías alto, medio y bajo. Resultados: En las tesis doctorales estudiadas, 22,5 % correspondió a las ciencias médicas, 5,0 % a las de la enfermería, 22,5 % a las estomatológicas y 25,0 %, tanto a las ciencias de la educación médica, como a las de la salud, respectivamente. Se obtuvo un predominio de los informes de las ciencias estomatológicas en la categoría bajo en los 2 indicadores relacionados con el aporte y la relevancia del problema social que abordaban (con 55,5 % en cada uno). Conclusiones: Se verificó que la concepción del impacto social en las tesis doctorales de las ciencias biomédicas fue limitada, pues lo más importante en estas fue sustentar el impacto científico.

Introduction: The conception of the social impact in the doctoral theses in biomedical sciences has required an integrative approach that favors a science orientation and technological innovation in health, for the transfer of biomedical progress and innovations. Objective: To describe the conception of social impact in biomedical sciences dissertations. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, from December 2022 to March 2023, of 40 doctoral theses reports -selected by simple random sampling- published in the Repository of Biomedical and Health Sciences Theses in Cuba. For this purpose, the variable conception of social impact in these theses was evaluated according to 3 indicators measured in high, medium and low categories. Results: In the doctoral theses analyzed, 22.5% corresponded to medical sciences; 5.0% to nursing; 22.5% to stomatology and 25.0% either to medical education sciences or to health sciences, respectively. A predominance of reports from dental sciences in the low category was obtained in the 2 indicators related to the contribution and relevance of the social problem they addressed (with 55.5% in each one). Conclusions: It was verified that the conception of social impact in biomedical sciences dissertations was limited, since the most important thing in these ones was to support the scientific impact.

Retrospective Analysis of Death Cases of Oral Diphenidol Hydrochloride Poisoning / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the characteristics of postmortem examination, chemical examination and scene investigation of deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning, and so as to provide a reference for proper settlement and prevention of such deaths.@*METHODS@#The data of 22 deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning in a city from January 2018 to August 2020 were collected, including case details, scene investigations, autopsies, chemical examinations and digital evidence. Thirty-one cases of deaths caused by oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning reported in previous literature were also collected.@*RESULTS@#In the 53 oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning death cases, 50 cases were suicide, 2 cases were accidental, while 1 case was undetermined. Fifty-two cases were found in the medical records or crime scene investigation reports with doses ranging from 775 mg to 12 500 mg, and 23 deceased were detected with postmortem blood concentrations ranging from 2.71 mg/L to 83.1 mg/L. Clinical symptoms were recorded in 6 patients, including conscious disturbance and convulsion. Among the 45 cases which were performed with external examination, 23 cases autopsied.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most of the deceased of oral diphenidol hydrochloride poisoning were suicide. No significant correlation was found between dose and blood concentration through the retrospective analysis of cases.

Investigation of underreporting of death monitoring in Xi’an city, 2018-2020 / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To evaluate the underreporting of death cases and related factors in disease surveillance system of Xi’an. 【Methods】 Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used, and 733 villages (neighborhood committees) were selected from 44 townships or streets in Xi’an. All the death cases of the residents in the sampled areas from 2018 to 2020 were collected through a variety of channels and checked with those registered in the Disease Surveillance System. Then the missing cases were investigated and verified. The underreporting rate was calculated, the Excel software was applied for statistical processing and Chi square analysis, and the related factors of underreporting were analyzed by using Logistic regression method. 【Results】 A total of 37650 death cases were investigated from 2018 to 2020; the average mortality was 650.59/105, and 2 901 cases were underreported. From 2018 to 2020, the underreporting rate was 9.89%, 6.95%, and 6.24%, respectively (χ2=133.525, P<0.001), with the average underreporting rate of 7.71%. The underreporting rate in the 44 sampled areas ranged from 0.90% to 42.07%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with that in rural areas (9.87%), the underreporting rate was lower in urban areas (5.91%, OR=0.567, 95% CI:0.525-0.613), and higher in children under 5 years old (31.20%, OR=5.494, 95% CI:3.732-8.090) and people aged 15-44 years old (11.85%, OR=1.541, 95% CI:1.284-1.846) compared to people over 65 years old (7.44%), and higher in 2018 (9.89%, OR=1.702, 95% CI:1.551-1.869) and 2019 (6.95%, OR=1.148, 95% CI:1.038-1.271) compared to the year 2020 (6.24%). There were 2901 cases reported missing, and the proportion of those who died at home was the highest (81.39%). Underreporting of death more easily occurred in heart diseases (36.80%) and cerebrovascular diseases (27.08%) than others. 【Conclusion】 The reporting completeness of disease surveillance system increased in Xi’an. The overall underreporting rate of death causes decreased with year from 2018 to 2020. The underreporting rates in age group under 5 years old and in rural population were still high. Therefore, the reporting and management of death information should still be strengthened to minimize the underreporting rate.

Ethical Investigation of the Living Will and the Comparison and Enlightenment of Chinese and Japanese Practical Experience / 中国医学伦理学

The revised revision of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Medical Regulations passed in 2022 is an important institutional innovation in China, while many problems still need to be solved in the specific practice and application. This paper compared the practical development characteristics of the living will system between China and Japan, and analyzed the relationship between doctor-patients relationship under the intervention of the living will system and the symbolic representation mechanism of living will by using the semiotics theory. According to the links of "addresser-symbolic text" and "symbolic text-addressee", the six types of problems faced by current living will system in China were discussed, and the relevant experience and enlightenment were summarized to provided reference for the development of the living will system in China.

Molecular genetics research of a Chinese family carrying triple HLA-A alleles / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To determine molecular basis of a rare HLA-A typing results carrying triple A alleles in potential allo-HSCT donor and her family. 【Methods】 HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1, -E, -F, -G of 5 members in the family were genotyped at a high-resolution level using next-generation sequencing (NGS). HLA-A of probosita was re-checked using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), and SNP oligonucleotide probes (SNP-array)were scanned with genomic DNA of probosita. 【Results】 There was 162.9Kb duplication in 6p22.1(29, 803, 377-29, 966, 301)of probosita who carried triple A alleles A*02∶01∶01, A*11∶01∶01, A*24∶02∶01. Other two family members were found to carry this haplotype: A*02∶01∶01, A*24∶02∶01, B*54∶01∶01, C*01∶02∶01, DRB1*04∶05∶01, DQB1*04∶01∶01, E*01∶01∶01∶03, F*01∶01∶01, G*01∶01∶01∶01, which as a Mendelian gene was segregated and stably transmitted through two generations. 【Conclusion】 Tiny gene duplication induces one haplotype carries two HLA-A alleles in a potential healthy donor for allo-transplantaion and stably transmits through two generations.Routine HLA typing laboratories should pay more attention to this situation and accurately report.

Analysis of the regular monitoring of occupational hazards in Guangdong Province in 2022 / 中国职业医学

Objective To analyze the overall situation of regular monitoring of occupational hazards in enterprises in Guangdong Province in 2022. Methods Analysis and quality sampling from enterprises were conducted on the occupational hazard regular monitoring reports submitted by various occupational health institutions through the Guangdong Province Occupational Health Quality Control Platform for the year 2022. Results In 2022, a total of 40 129 enterprises in Guangdong Province conducted regular monitoring of occupational hazards, accounting for 5.9%. More than 4.85 million workers were enrolled, of which more than 1.99 million workers were exposed to occupational hazards, with an incidence of 41.1%. The incidence of exposure to chemicals, dust, and noise were 18.2%, 11.9%, and 23.5%, respectively. The incidence of exceeding national standard for chemical substances, dust and noise in enterprises were 2.7%, 3.3%, and 42.7%, respectively. The incidence of exceeding national standard for all occupational hazards increased with the scale of enterprises from micro, small, medium to large enterprises (29.1% vs 46.7% vs 61.3% vs 65.4%, all P<0.05). The top three key industries, with more enterprises exceeding national standard, were metal furniture manufacturing, wooden furniture manufacturing, and other metal daily necessities manufacturing. The concentration of 97 chemical hazardous agents such as silica dust and benzene in work site exceeded the national standard, but less than 1.0% chemical hazardous agents exceeded national standard in most of the chemical-exposed work site. The incidence of noise exceeding national standard was 45.4%, while the incidence of silica dust exceeding national standard was 17.3%. Conclusion The percentage of regular monitoring of occupational hazards in enterprises in Guangdong Province is relatively low. The main occupational hazard that exceeds the national standard was noise, indicating the need for special attention on noise protection in workplace.

Analyzing the occupational health literacy and its influencing factors among occupational populations in Guizhou Province, 2022 / 中国职业医学

Objective To analyze the awareness of occupational health literacy (OHL) and its influencing factors among occupational population in key industries of Guizhou Province in 2022. Methods A total of 11 153 workers from eight key industries in 88 counties and districts of Guizhou Province was selected as the research subjects in 2022 using a stratified cluster sampling method. The OHL levels were surveyed using the Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations. Results The overall OHL level of the research subjects in 2022 was 57.7%. The OHL levels of basic knowledge of occupational health protection, healthy lifestyle and behavior, legal knowledge of occupational health, and basic skills of occupational health protection were 79.6%, 69.7%, 60.0%, and 42.0%, respectively. The overall OHL level of the tertiary industry population was higher than that of the secondary industry (59.8% vs 54.9%, P<0.01). The overall OHL levels of occupational population in the eight key industries from high to low were medical and health, electric heating water supply, environmental health, transportation, non-metallic mineral products, express delivery/take-out,education and coal mining, with the overall OHL level of 82.5%, 64.2%, 64.0%, 55.9%, 52.8%, 48.8%, 46.1% and 44.7%, respectively (P<0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, personal monthly income, length of employment, and industry category were independent influencing factors of OHL levels (all P<0.05). The OHL level of females was higher than that of males (P<0.01). The older age, higher educational level, and higher personal monthly income were associated with higher OHL levels in workers (all P<0.01). The OHL level of Han population was higher than that of Miao and other ethnic groups (all P<0.01). The OHL level of unmarried population was higher than that of married and widowed/divorced population (all P<0.01). The OHL level of workers with less than 3.0 years of employment was lower than that of workers with 3.0 - < 6.0 and 6.0 - < 10.0 years of employment (all P<0.01). The OHL level of workers in the tertiary industry was higher than that in the secondary industry (P<0.01). Conclusion The OHL level of occupational population in Guizhou Province needs to be further improved. Special attention should be paid to the industry of coal mining and selection, education, express delivery/take-out, and occupational population in ethnic minority areas, low educated, low-income, and newly employed occupational population.

Epidemiological investigation of a foodborne illness outbreak caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveIn this paper， the cause of an outbreak of foodborne disease in Huzhou City was analyzed， which may help avoid the recurrence of such incidents. MethodsThrough the field epidemiological investigation， the case definition was formulated and the questionnaire survey was carried out in the case group and the control group. In addition， the chi-square test and logistic regression method were used to identify the factors affecting the outbreak. The patient stool samples， food samples， environmental samples and water samples were collected and used for the laboratory test. The PFGE molecular typing was conducted on the isolated positive strains. ResultsThe number of people exposed during the same period was 410， and the number of possible cases was 18， with an incidence of 4.39%. Generally， the main symptoms were abdominal pain and diarrhea， accompanied by nausea， fatigue， fever and others. For case-control analysis， 17 of the 18 patients were included in the case group， and 19 non-patients were into control group. The results suggested that the risk factors were blanched deep-water shrimp（OR=19.42， 95%CI=1.06‒357.02， P=0.046）and steamed Ao Long （Australian lobster） with garlic and vermicelli （OR=22.01， 95%CI=1.24‒390.70， P=0.035）. According to the laboratory test results Vibrio parahaemolyticus （VP） was positive in 5 cases， and the serum type was is O10∶K4. In the reserved food， VP was positive in the samples of steamed Australian lobster with garlic vermicelli and lamb chops. The serum type was O5∶Kut. ConclusionThis incident was an outbreak of foodborne disease caused by the consumption of wedding food contaminated by VP. The dinner was served by Hotel B on September 17. Moreover， the suspicious foods include the blanched deep-water shrimp and steamed lobster with garlic vermicelli.

Epidemiological investigation of a school COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo describe a COVID-19 outbreak due to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in a school and provide suggestions for COVID-19 prevention and control. MethodsData on the COVID-19 outbreak in a school in Putuo District of Shanghai were collected from November 14 to December 20， 2022. Epidemiological characteristics， incidence rate of secondary cases and response measures were described and analyzed. ResultsA total of 27 COVID-19 cases were identified infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2 variant， including 14 students （51.9%） and 13 family members / teachers living with those students （48.1%）. The first case occurred on November 14， with peak incidence during November 16-18. The median generation interval of the second generation cases was 2 （2，3） days. The index case （case 1， a student） had a clear contact history outside the school， which was found through routine examination in key populations in the school. Immediate management was conducted after the notification. All the second generation cases were exposed students in the same class with case 1， which were identified during the quarantine， whereas the third generation cases were their family members/teachers living with the second generation cases. The incidence rate within the class and school were 36.8% and 3.0%， respectively. No further social transmission was found outside the school. ConclusionEarly detection， multi-sectoral collaboration， prompt control and quarantine measures are effective in containing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Health promotion， surveillance， ventilation and prophylactic disinfection should be reinforced in schools， office buildings and other gathering places.

Investigation and analysis of a food poisoning incident caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo ascertain the causes of a food poisoning incident and provide references for the prevention of similar incidents in the future. MethodsCase investigation was conducted through field epidemiological investigation methods， and suspicious meals and foods were searched by the analytical epidemiological method. A food hygiene investigation was conducted in the establishment involved and samples of suspicious food， processing steps， and cases were collected for laboratory testing. ResultsA total of 91 individuals meeting the case definition were identified， resulting in an attack rate of 14.97% （91/608）. The main clinical manifestations included abdominal pain （97.80%）， diarrhea （84.62%）， nausea （62.64%）， vomiting （72.53%）， fever （12.09%）， and increased white blood cells （90.11%）. The peak incidence occurred from 16：00 to 18：00 on June 15. The epidemic curve showed a point-source exposure pattern， with an incubation period of 1 h minimum and 10 h maximum， and an average of 5 h. Analytical epidemiological studies indicated that lunch on June 15 was the suspicious meal （χ2=38.78， P<0.001）， and those who consumed cold-dressed tofu with preserved eggs had a significantly higher risk of falling ill compared to non-consumers （χ2=105.21， P<0.001）. Laboratory testing results revealed Vibrio parahaemolyticus detected in 1 employee’s anal swab and 18 cases’ anal swabs. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 1 food ingredient and 1 case’s anal swab. The remaining samples tested negative. ConclusionThe cause of this food poisoning incident is Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The cause is the canteen’s supply of cold-dressed tofu with preserved eggs beyond its permissible business scope， potentially leading to cross-contamination during food processing. Regulatory authorities should strengthen routine law enforcement inspections and monitoring. Food service establishments should strengthen food safety awareness， standardize operational procedures in strict accordance with relevant national laws and regulations and food safety standards， and strive to reduce the occurrence of foodborne disease incidents at their source.

An epidemiological investigation of an border-imported case with Plasmodium vivax malaria / 预防医学

Abstract@#On March 12, 2022, a case with Plasmodium vivax malaria was reported in the First Hospital of Jiaxing City. The case sought healthcare services due to persist, sharp distending pain of the brain and fever on February 25, 2022, and the symptoms showed no improvements following symptomatic treatment. Microscopy identified malaria parasites on March 12, and the case was definitively diagnosed as P. vivax malaria on March 13. The case was discharged from hospital on March 16 and relapsed on June 15. The case was a veteran from the China-Myanmar border, where malaria is highly prevalent, and had no history of travel after returning to Jiaxing City on October 2021. Based on epidemiological history and laboratory tests, the case was diagnosed as a cross-border mosquito-borne imported case of P. vivax malaria. The case was given treatment with mosquito vector isolation, and the case's family members, neighbors and colleagues were all tested negative for malaria parasites. There was no Anopheles sinensis detected in the case' residence; however, Anopheles was detected in the neighboring areas, indicating a risk of re-establishment. Returners from high-risk regions including borders and labor exporters are recommended to be included in malaria surveillance, and the sensitivity of malaria surveillance requires to be maintained and the diagnostic and treatment capability of malaria requires to be improved in medical institutions.