Development and application of a method for determination of activity and vitality of Hansenula polymorpha by carboxyfluorescein diacetate-propidium iodide dua fluorescent staining / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop a method for determination of activity and viability of Hansenula polymorpha by dual fluorescent staining with carboxyfluorescein diacetate(CFDA)and propidium iodide(PI).Methods The time durations(5,10,20,40,60 and 120 min for CFDA,5,10,15,20 and 25 min for PI)and working solution concentrations(50,100,200and 300 μg for CFDA,2,10,20 and 30 μmol/L for PI)for the dual fluorescent staining were optimized by single factor test. Under the optimal condition,the H.polymorpha samples at theoretical survival rates of 0,25%,50%,75% and 100%were determined,of which the fluorescent intensity was observed under fluorescent microscope,and the gray value was analyzed by ImageJ software. The live and dead cells were counted,based on which the actual survival and death rates were calculated. Meanwhile,the relationships of actual gray value,actual survival rate and actual death rate to the corresponding theoretical values were analyzed. Activity and viability of three batches of cultured H.polymorpha were detected by CFDA-PI dual fluorescence staining.Results The optimal time durations for staining with CFDA and PI were 60 and 5 min,while the optimal working solution concentrations were 200 and 2 μmol/L,respectively. The actual gray value,actual survival rate and actual death rate of H.polymorpha samples at various theoretical survival rates were significantly correlated to the corresponding theoretical values(R~2=0. 998 3～0. 999 2,P < 0. 05). The CVs of activity and viability values in three detections of three batches of H.polymorpha culture were 3. 20%～4. 03% and 1. 10%～2. 27%, respectively.Conclusion The CFDA-PI dual fluorescent staining was successfully developed,which may be used for determination of activity and vitality of H.polymorpha.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and glutathione on micro-shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement to caries affected dentine

Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF, 38%) is an efficient topical fluoride used to arrest dental caries though it causes black staining of both teeth and restoration. The application of potassium iodide (KI) after SDF reduces the stain, but the color change is only temporary. An alternative method suggested is by mixing glutathione (GSH) with SDF, which preserves the silver ions of SDF within the solution. Hence, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength (?SBS) of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to caries affected dentin (CAD) pretreated with SDF/KI/GSH. Materials and Methods: Thirty dentine slices of 2 mm thickness from human permanent upper premolars were demineralized using pH cycling method to mimic CAD. They were allocated to three groups of 10 each and treated with SDF, SDF-KI (SDF followed by KI), SDF + GSH (SDF mixed with GSH), respectively. Specimens were bonded with GICs. The ?SBS was assessed using a universal testing machine and the data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The ?SBS (mean ± standard deviation) values for groups SDF, SDF-KI, and SDF + GSH were 4.81 ± 2.026, 5.78 ± 1.809, 8.18 ± 2.828 megapascal respectively. Group 3 showed significantly better bond strength compared to groups 1 and 2. In group 2, the addition of KI showed better bond strength when compared to group 1, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Pretreatment of teeth with GSH along with SDF application showed significantly better bond strength of GIC to CAD compared to SDF and SDF-KI.

Correlation between thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody,and arteriosclerosis in middle-aged and older adult patients with depression / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) cconcentrations and arteriosclerosis development in middle-aged and older adult patients with depression.Methods:A total of 200 middle-aged and older adult patients with depression who received treatment in the Third People's Hospital of Huzhou from January 2018 to October 2019 were included in this study. They were divided into four groups ( n = 50/group) according to TG-Ab and TPO-Ab test results: TG-Ab-positive (group 1), TPO-Ab-positive (group 2), TG-Ab-positive and TPO-Ab-positive (group 3), TG-Ab-negative and TPO-Ab-negative (control group). Serum thyroid hormone level, ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, and the incidences of intima-media thickening and plaque formation in the lower extremity arteries were compared between groups. Results:Total thyroxine concentration in the control group, groups 1, 2 and 3 was (89.96 ± 2.45) nmol/L, (101.29 ± 3.35) nmol/L, (90.09 ± 2.70) nmol/L, (97.55 ± 2.57) nmol/L, respectively. There was a significant difference in total thyroxine concentration between groups ( F = 3.85, P < 0.05). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in the control group, groups 1, 2, and 3 was (1 327.55 ± 67.78) cm/s, (1 510.36 ± 83.05) cm/s, (1 422.71 ± 71.40) cm/s, (1 533.95 ± 87.01) cm/s, respectively. There was a significant difference in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity between groups ( F = 65.12, P < 0.05). The incidence of intima-media thickening in the control group, groups 1, 2, and 3 was 18% (9/50), 50% (25/50), 32% (16/50), 60% (30/50), respectively. The incidence of plaque formation in the control group, groups 1, 2, and 3 was 22% (11/50), 56% (28/50), 40% (20/50), 70% (35/50), respectively. There were significant differences in intima-media thickening and plaque formation between groups ( χ2 = 21.83, 25.77, all P < 0.001). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age ( OR = 0.953) and TG-Ab ( OR = 1.116) were independent risk factors for developing arteriosclerosis in middle-aged and older adult patients with depression ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:TG-Ab-positive results are an independent risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis in middle-aged and older adult patients with depression. TPO-Ab-positive results have a synergistic effect on the occurrence and development of arteriosclerosis in middle-aged and older adult patients with depression. Monitoring serum TG-Ab and TPO-Ab concentrations is of great clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis in middle-aged and older adult patients with depression.

The role of TSH-THSR-cAMP-PKA signal pathway in the process of iodine uptake in lactating rat mammary gland / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To observe the mRNA and protein expression levels of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), protein kinase A (PKA) and sodium iodine transporter (NIS) in mammary gland tissue of lactating rats with different iodine nutrition levels, and to explore the role of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-THSR-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-PKA signal pathway in the process of mammary iodine uptake during lactation.Methods:Using a group design, according to body weight (80 - 100 g), 110 Wistar female rats were randomly divided into normal iodine (NI) group, severe iodine deficiency (SID) group, moderately iodine deficiency (MID) group, moderately iodine excess (MIE) group and severe iodine excess (SIE) group, with 22 rats in each group. Another 22 Wistar male rats were selected, and the feeding situation was consistent with that of NI group. After 3 months of feeding, 24-hour urine samples of female rats were collected, and the female rats were caged with the male rats (5 ∶ 1). After mating, each female rat was fed separately. At 10 days of childbirth, the lactating rats were sacrificed and thyroid and mammary gland tissues were taken. The urinary iodine was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. The morphological changes of thyroid and mammary gland tissues were observed by HE staining. The mRNA expression levels of TSHR, PKA and NIS in thyroid and mammary gland tissues were measured by real-time PCR; the protein expression levels of TSHR, PKA, phosphorylated PKA (p-PKA), and NIS in mammary gland tissue were measured by Western blotting.Results:Compared with NI group (162.59 μg/L), the median urinary iodine of female rats in SID and MID groups (3.16, 6.36 μg/L) was lower, and the median urinary iodine of female rats in MIE and SIE groups (2 356.27, 11 507.29 μg/L) was higher ( P < 0.01). HE staining showed that different levels of iodine uptake had different effects on thyroid follicles: most of the follicles in NI group were uniform round or oval; in MID group, the number of small follicles increased, the epithelial cells were monolayer columnar or cubic, the follicular cavity became smaller, and the glia decreased; the follicles in SID group became smaller, and the epithelial cells were columnar or high columnar, with reduced or absent glia in the follicular cavity; pleomorphic changes were found in thyroid follicles in SIE and MIE groups, with some follicles significantly enlarged and some small follicles hyperplasia. Different levels of iodine intake had different effects on mammary duct: compared with NI group, the connective tissue around the mammary duct in SID and MID groups showed obvious fibrosis, while the fibrosis in MIE and SIE groups was significantly reduced. The results of real-time PCR showed that there were significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of TSHR, PKA and NIS in thyroid tissues of lactating rats with different levels of iodine nutrition ( F = 10.73, 92.37, 115.75, P < 0.01). There were statistically differences in the mRNA expression levels of TSHR, PKA and NIS in mammary gland tissues of lactating rats with different levels of iodine nutrition ( F = 40.25, 39.63, 14.92, P < 0.05). Western blotting results showed that there were significant differences in the protein expression levels of TSHR, PKA, p-PKA and NIS in mammary gland tissues of lactating rats with different levels of iodine nutrition ( F = 4.14, 6.73, 8.48, 4.51, P < 0.05). Among them, the protein expression level of TSHR in MIE and SIE groups was lower than that in NI group ( P < 0.05); the protein expression level of PKA in SID and MID groups was higher than that in NI group ( P < 0.05); the protein expression level of p-PKA in SID group was higher than that in NI group, but that in SIE group was lower than that in NI group ( P < 0.05), the protein expression level of NIS in SID group was higher than that in NI group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The mRNA and protein expression levels of TSHR are decreased in mammary gland tissues of lactating rats with high iodine intake, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of PKA and NIS are increased in low iodine intake. TSH-TSHR-cAMP-PKA signal pathway may be involved in the regulation of iodine intake in mammary gland tissue of lactating rats, which may protect itself and its offspring.

Effects of sodium iodide symporter co-expression on proliferation and cytotoxic activity of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of co-expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) reporter gene on the proliferation and cytotoxic activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in vitro.@*METHODS@#T cells expressing CD19 CAR (CAR-T cells), NIS reporter gene (NIS-T cells), and both (NIS-CAR-T cells) were prepared by lentiviral infection. The transfection rates of NIS and CAR were determined by flow cytometry, and the cell proliferation rate was assessed using CCK-8 assay at 24, 48 and 72 h of routine cell culture. The T cells were co-cultured with Nalm6 tumor cells at the effector-target ratios of 1∶2, 1∶1, 2∶1 and 4∶1 for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells to the tumor cells was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. ELISA was used to detect the release of IFN-γ and TNF-β in the co-culture supernatant, and the function of NIS was detected with iodine uptake test.@*RESULTS@#The CAR transfection rate was 91.91% in CAR-T cells and 99.41% in NIS-CAR-T cells; the NIS transfection rate was 47.83% in NIS-T cells and 50.24% in NIS- CAR-T cells. No significant difference in the proliferation rate was observed between CAR-T and NIS-CAR-T cells cultured for 24, 48 or 72 h (P> 0.05). In the co-cultures with different effector-target ratios, the tumor cell killing rate was significantly higher in CAR-T group than in NIS-CAR-T group at 24 h (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the two groups at 48 h or 72 h (P>0.05). Higher IFN-γ and TNF-β release levels were detected in both CAR-T and NIS-CAR-T groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). NIS-T cells and NIS-CAR-T cells showed similar capacity of specific iodine uptake (P>0.05), which was significantly higher than that in the control T cells (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The co-expression of the NIS reporter gene does not affect CAR expression, proliferation or tumor cell-killing ability of CAR-T cells.

Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension: Biochemical and Antioxidant Features in Vitro Might Help Understand Different Outcomes / Pré-eclâmpsia e hipertensão gestacional: Fatores bioquímicos e antioxidantes in vitro podem auxiliar no entendimento de resultados clínicos distintos

Abstract Objective Gestational hypertension (GH) is characterized by increased blood pressure after the 20th gestational week; the presence of proteinuria and/or signs of end-organ damage indicate preeclampsia (PE). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant enzyme with an important role in maintaining endothelial function, and induction of HO-1 by certain molecules shows potential in attenuating the condition's effects over endothelial tissue. HO-1 production can also be stimulated by potassium iodide (KI). Therefore, we evaluated the effects of KI over HO-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with plasma from women diagnosed with GH or PE. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with a pool of plasma of healthy pregnant women (n = 12), pregnant women diagnosed with GH (n = 10) or preeclamptic women (n = 11)with or without the addition of KI for 24 hours to evaluate its effect on this enzyme expression. Analysis of variance was performed followed by Dunnet's test for multiple comparisons between groups only or between groups with addition of KI (p ≤ 0.05). Results KI solution (1,000 µM) reduced HO-1 in the gestational hypertension group (p = 0.0018) and cytotoxicity in the preeclamptic group (p = 0.0143); treatment with KI reduced plasma cytotoxicity but did not affect the preeclamptic group's HO-1 expression. Conclusion Our findings suggest that KI alleviates oxidative stress leading to decreased HO-1 expression; plasma from preeclamptic women did not induce the enzyme's expression in HUVECs, and we hypothesize that this is possibly due to inhibitory post-transcriptional mechanisms in response to overexpression of this enzyme during early pregnancy.

Resumo Objetivo A hipertensão gestacional (GH) é caracterizada pelo aumento da pressão sanguínea após a 20ª semana de gestação; a presença de proteinuria e/ou sinais de danos a órgãos como rins, fígado e cérebro indicam pré-eclâmpsia (PE). A heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) é uma enzima antioxidante com um papel importante na manutenção da função endotelial, e a sua indução por certas moléculas se mostra potencialmente benéfica frente à característica deletéria destas condições sobre o endotélio. Já foi demonstrado anteriormente que a produção de HO-1 pode ser induzida por iodeto de potássio (KI). Portanto, nós avaliamos os efeitos do KI sobre a citotoxicidade e expressão de HO-1 por células de veia de cordão umbilical humano (HUVECs) após incubação com o plasma de mulheres diagnosticadas com GH ou PE. Métodos Células de veia de cordão umbilical humano foram incubadas com pool de plasma de gestantes saudáveis (n = 12), gestantes com GH (n = 10) ou gestantes com PE (n = 11) com ou sem a adição de KI por 24 horas para avaliar a citotoxicidade através da dosagem de lactato desidrogenase e produção de HO-1 por ELISA. Foi realizada ANOVA seguida de teste de Dunnet para múltiplas comparações entre os grupos estudados, considerando significativos valores de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados A solução de KI (1.000 µM) reduziu a produção de HO-1 no grupo GH (p = 0.0018) e a citotoxicidade no grupo PE (p = 0.0143); o tratamento com KI não afetou a produção de HO-1 por HUVECs incubadas com o plasma do grupo PE. Conclusão Nossos achados sugerem que o KI atenua os efeitos do plasma de gestantes com GH ocasionando a diminuição da produção de HO-1; plasma do grupo PE não induziu a produção de HO-1 em HUVECs em comparação ao grupo saudável, e nossa hipótese é a de que tal achado pode ser devido a mecanismos pós-transcricionais em resposta a uma superestimulação da produção de HO-1 nos estágios iniciais da gravidez.

Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on neurocognitive development on offspring in iodine deficiency areas: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of iodine supplementation during gestation on the neurocognitive development of children in areas where iodine deficiency is common. Materials and methods: Based on the PRISMA methodology, we conducted the search for articles in the PubMed, LILACS and Scopus databases, between March and April 2020, without limitation of dates. We used descriptors in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, without filters. Four clinical trials and four cohort articles were included in the review. Results: The maximum supplementation was 300 μg of potassium iodide per day. The Bayley scale and Children's Communication Checklist-Short were used to assess neurodevelopment in children. There was no significant improvement in the children's mental development index and behavioural development index in the supplemented group; however, the psychomotor development index (PDI) showed improvement in the poorer gross motor skills. We found differences in the response time to sound in the supplemented group living in mild deficiency areas. Conclusion: Daily supplementation with iodine can improve poor psychomotor development of children living in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas. Thus, it is necessary to perform further studies to assess the effect of supplementation on neurodevelopment before, during and after gestation in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas.

Sporotrichosis refractory to conventional treatment: therapeutic success with potassium iodide

Abstract Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. The authors report a case of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis with therapeutic failure after 18 months of itraconazole and terbinafine associated with cryosurgery. The patient was cured after the introduction of saturated potassium iodide solution. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the identified species, presenting a susceptibility profile to itraconazole and terbinafine. This fact suggests that therapeutic failure is probably related to the host-fungus interaction rather than drug resistance. It is possible that the immunomodulatory action of the saturated potassium iodide solution may have played an important role in curing this patient.

Comparison of staining potential of silver diamine fluoride versus silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide under tooth-colored restorations

Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is one of the effectual cariostatic agents widely used in minimal intervention dentistry. However, the major drawback of SDF is dark staining after its application. Aim: In the present study, the staining of 38% SDF alone and 38% SDF and potassium iodide (KI) was compared after restoration with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin composite using ImageJ software. Methods and Material: Forty extracted carious primary teeth were sorted into four groups. In Group I and II, SDF was applied and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. In Group III and IV, SDF application was followed by KI and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. Images were captured after initial applications on day 1 and day 14 after restoration. The captured images were imported to ImageJ software and mean gray values were calculated. Statistical Analysis: The mean gray values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using paired t-test and independent sample t-test. There was statistically significant if P < 0.05. Results: Following the application of SDF and RIVA STAR, the baseline mean gray values showed no statistical significance. On day 1, the mean gray values were highest in Group IV (208.30) and lowest in Group I (178.51). Similarly, on day 14, the highest mean gray values were observed in Group IV (208.45) and lowest in Group I (147.6) which were statistically significant. Conclusions: The restorations after SDF application attained dark stain eventually, whereas with the application of SDF followed by KI (RIVA STAR), the restorations showed the least staining.

In vitro evaluation of hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and carbon nanotube composite biomaterial to support bone healing / Avaliação in vitro do biomaterial compósito à base de hidroxiapatita, quitosana e nanotubo de carbono como adjuvante no reparo ósseo

Hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and carbon nanotube composite biomaterial were developed to improve bone healing. Previous studies suggested that a combination of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can potentially help promote bone regeneration. In the present study, we first developed hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and carbon nanotube composite biomaterial. Then, the effect of different concentrations of the extract on the viability of Vero cells (ATCC CCL-81) and MSCs obtained from sheep bone marrow using methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) assays were evaluated. The biomaterial group demonstrated an absence of cytotoxicity, similar to the control group. Samples with 50% and 10% biomaterial extract concentrations showed higher cell viability compared to samples from the control group (MTT assay). These results suggest that the presence of this composite biomaterial can be used with MSCs. This study also concluded that hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and carbon nanotube composite biomaterial were not cytotoxic. Therefore, these could be used for performing in vivo tests.(AU)

O compósito à base de hidroxiapatita, quitosana e nanotubo de carbono foi desenvolvido com o intuito de auxiliar na consolidação óssea. Estudos anteriores sugerem que a combinação de substitutos ósseos e células-tronco mesenquimais (CTM) podem auxiliar a potencializar e promover a regeneração óssea. No presente estudo, o biomaterial foi desenvolvido e a viabilidade e a citotoxicidade de células Vero (ATCC CCL-81) e CTM obtidas de medula óssea provenientes de ovinos utilizando ensaios metil-tiazol-tetrazólio, MTT e iodeto de propídeo (PI) foram avaliadas em diferentes concentrações de extrato desse compósito. O compósito demonstrou ausência de citotoxicidade com comportamento semelhante ao grupo controle. Amostras com 50% e 10% de concentração de extrato do compósito mostraram resultados maiores comparados ao grupo controle (ensaio MTT). Esses resultados também sugerem que a presença do biomaterial pode ser utilizada em associação a CTM. Assim, esse estudo conclui que o compósito apresentado de hidroxiapatita, quitosana e nanotubo de cabono não foi considerado citotóxico e pode ser utilizado em teste in vivo.(AU)

Potassium iodide promotes the pyroptosis of thyroid follicular epithelial cells through the PARP1-NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome activation / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of potassium iodide-induced pyrolysis of thyroid follicular cells.Methods:Thyroid gland tissue was obtained from patients with thyroid cancer (TC) coexisting with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis, and the tumor-adjacent Hashimoto′s thyroiditis tissue was used as the control. ELISA was used to detect the concentration of the pyroptosis inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in the tissues, and Western blotting was used to detect the activation of gasdermin (GSDM) proteins, a biomarker for pyroptosis. Thyroid follicular cells treated with different concentrations of potassium iodide, and IL-1β, IL-18, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), GSDMD were measured. Transcriptome chip analysis was used to explore the differentially expressed genes involved in pyroptosis of thyroid follicular cells induced by potassium iodide treatment.Results:The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines in the tissues of patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis and thyroid cancer were higher than control tissues ( P<0.01), and the activation of the pyroptosis executive protein GSDMD was significant increased, while GSDME was not activated. IL-1β, IL-18, and LDH secretion were significantly increased in response to potassium iodide stimulation in thyroid follicular cells ( P<0.01) and GSDMD was cleaved, which indicated that potassium iodide induced the pyroptosis of thyroid follicular cells. Moreover, potassium iodide could activate NLRP3 inflammasomes to promotethe pyroptosis of thyroid follicular cells. Transcriptome chip analysis further found that PARP1 protein was highly upregulated by the stimulation of potassium iodide, and then enhanced the activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor to induce pyroptosis. Conclusions:The findings in this study reveal that potassium iodide promotesthe pyroptosis of thyroid follicular cells through activating NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome, which may be a novel mechanism that promots the development of Hashimoto′s thyroiditis under the condition of excessive iodine intake. PARP1 is a pivotal protein that mediates the pyroptosis induced by potassium iodide and may be a potential therapeutic target to control Hashimoto′s thyroiditis progression.

Research Progress on Pathogenic Factors of Breast Cancer Combined with Thyroid Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Thyroid cancer and breast cancer are two of the most common malignant tumors in women. Concurrent tumors of the thyroid and breast are relatively rare in clinical practice; however, the incidence of such dual malignancies has recently increased. Researches conducted in the past mainly focused on the possible increase in the incidence of contralateral breast cancer, while the increased risk of synchronized thyroid cancer in women with breast cancer has attracted widespread attention recently. The specific mechanism has not been fully understood. This article reviews the pathogenic factors between these two diseases, and evaluates the etiological role of these factors in these double primary cancers, so as to provide a better basis for clinical practice.

Sialoadenitis aguda secundaria al medio de contraste yodado

Resumen La sialoadenitis es una inflamación o infección de las glándulas salivares que puede afectar a las glándulas parótidas, submandibulares y/o a las glándulas salivares menores. La sialoadenitis aguda tras la inyección de contraste yodado es una reacción adversa tardía rara, se caracteriza por un aumento de tamaño de las glándulas salivares, más frecuentemente las submandibulares. El número de estudios de tomografía computarizada ha aumentado exponencialmente en los últimos años por lo que es de esperar que cada vez se den más casos de esta entidad. El 98% del yodo inyectado por vía intravenosa es eliminado por los riñones y el 2% por otros órganos como glándulas salivales, lacrimales y sudoríparas. En los pacientes con insuficiencia renal el retraso de la eliminación renal conlleva un mayor acúmulo de yodo en la saliva que produce, a su vez, mayor inflamación de la mucosa de los conductos glandulares. Por ello, la insuficiencia renal se considera un factor de riesgo para sialoadenitis por yodo y se ha de sospechar especialmente en estos pacientes si presentan clínica sugestiva. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que tras la realización de una tomografía computarizada con contraste yodado desarrolló una sialoadenitis aguda como reacción adversa al mismo.

Abstract Sialadenitis is an inflammation or infection of the salivary glands that may affect the pa- rotid, submandibular and/or small salivary glands. Acute sialadenitis after injection of io- dinated contrast is a rare late adverse reaction. It is characterized by an enlargement of the salivary glands, most frequently the submandibular ones. The number of studies of compu- ted tomography has increased exponentially in recent years, so it is expected that there will be more and more cases of this entity. About 98% of the iodine contrast injected intrave- nously is eliminated by the kidneys and 2% by other organs such as salivary, lacrimal and sweat glands. In patients with renal failure, delayed renal elimination leads to a greater accumulation of iodine in saliva, which produces greater inflammation of the mucosa of the glandular ducts. Therefore, kidney failure is considered a risk factor for iodine sialadenitis and it should be especially suspected in these patients if they present suggestive symptoms. We present a case of a patient who after performing a computed tomography study with intravenous iodinated contrast, developed acute sialadenitis as an adverse reaction to this contrast.

Esporotricosis: presentación de un caso inusual / An unusual presentation of sporotrichosis: a case report

La esporotricosis es una micosis subcutánea de evolución crónica que puede afectar a humanos y animales, causada por el complejo Sporothrix schenckii, se considera un padecimiento ocupacional y su vía de entrada es a través de traumatismos, es frecuente en niños y adolescentes. Se comunica el caso de una adolescente de 12 años, con historia clínica de un año de evolución de causas no bien identificadas de dermatosis facial localizada en región pre-auricular izquierda, constituida por una placa eritematosa, escamosa, indurada, de bordes definidos. Se confirmó el diagnóstico de esporotricosis cutánea fija por el aislamiento en el cultivo y biopsia de lesión. La paciente fue dada de alta con tratamiento de yoduro de potasio durante dos meses.

Sporotrichosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis that can affect humans and animals caused by Sporothrix schenckii complex, it is considered an occupational disease and its route of entry is through injuries, it is common in children and adolescents. A 12-year-old female patient with a lesion of one year of evolution, not well identified causes of facial dermatosis localized in left preauricular region, consisting of an erythematous, scaly, indurated and defined edges. The diagnosis of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis by isolation in culture and wound biopsy was confirmed. The patient was discharged with potassium iodide treatment for two months.

Assessment of acid phosphatase enzyme and influence of potassium iodide on its production in the yeast form of Sporothrix schenckii

Background: Sporotrichosis is caused by a dimorphic fungal species, Sporothrix schenckii (S. schenckii). The enzyme acid phosphatase is pervasive among yeast and yeast like fungi. It has been studied in various fungi like Aspergillus oryzae, Candida albicans etc. but in S. schenckii little is known about enzyme acid phosphatase. The present study depicts the in-vitro influence of Potassium Iodide (KI) on the enzyme acid phosphatase produced by the S. schenckii (yeast form).Methods: A master culture was prepared by incorporating the standard strain of S. schenckii in YNB (Yeast Nitrogen Base) medium and was incubated at 37ºC. After preparing the increasing concentrations with KI in YNB medium, 1.0 mL suspension of master culture was inoculated into each bottle and incubated at 37ºC for different time period 6th, 12th, 18th day (early, mid, peak of log period) respectively. After centrifuging, a 5% homogenate was prepared, which was used for acid phosphatase enzyme assay.Results: The mean acid phosphatase level of control specimen was 20.9±2.01, 50.0±2.25, 45.0±5.10 μg and test specimens was ranged from 14.9±4.89 to 20.2±3.49, 10.2±4.19 to 40.0±6.39 and 10.0±1.81 to 34.7±6.08 μg on day 6, 12 and 18 respectively. The mean value was lower significantly for all the test concentrations as compared to control (p<0.05).Conclusions: The low activity of the enzyme acid phosphatase indicates that KI has inhibitory effect on the growth of S. schenckii that has led to decrease in the activity of the enzyme.

Expression and clinical significance of SLC5A5 gene of sodium/iodide symporter in thyroid carcinoma based on the biological information database / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective@#To analyze the expression and clinical significance of solute carrier family 5 member 5 (SLC5A5), the coding gene of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), in thyroid carcinoma.@*Methods@#The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of SLC5A5 in thyroid carcinoma and normal thyroid tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was compared using independent-sample t test and results were shown in one scatter plot. The relation between clinical features of thyroid carcinoma and the changes of SLC5A5 mRNA was analyzed on LinkedOmics using Kruskal-Wallis test or Wilcoxon test.@*Results@#Data from TCGA showed that the SLC5A5 mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma (1.419±0.049) was significantly reduced compared with that in normal thyroid tissues (3.301±0.087; t=12.66, P<0.01). The expression of SLC5A5 mRNA in thyroid carcinoma is affected by ethnicity (χ2=0.300, P<0.05). Moreover, the expression of SLC5A5 mRNA were decreased with the increase of pathologic grading (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ) and T, N, M stages (χ2 values: 0.114, 0.215, z values: -0.345, -0.102, all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The expression level of SLC5A5 mRNA is associated with clinical characteristic of thyroid carcinoma. SLC5A5 mRNA has the potential to become one candidate biomarker to assess disease and predict the development of thyroid carcinoma.

Effect of excessive iodine intake on the 99Tcm-pertechnetate uptake function of thyroid and the related mechanism / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To study the influence of excessive iodine intake on the 99Tcm-pertechnetate uptake function of thyroid and explore the related mechanism.Methods A total of 150 male Wistar rats were divided into normal iodine group (NI group) and 4 high iodine (HI) groups (10HI,50HI,100HI and 500HI group) with completely random method.Each group included 30 rats.Rats in HI groups were intragastrically administrated with different concentrations of KIO3,and rats in NI group were administrated with the same amount of distilled water.After a 7 d HI diet,each group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups:7 d group (HI diet for 7 d),10 d group (HI diet for 7 d + limiting iodine for 3 d) and 14 d group (HI diet for 7 d + limiting iodine for 7 d).All rats were given 1.85 MBq 99TcmO4-,then the thyroid glands were isolated and weighed 20 min post-injection.The radioactive counts were measured and the thyroid uptake percentage activity of injected dose per gram of tissue (％ID/g) of 99TcmO4-for each sample was calculated.Sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) expression level was analyzed by Western blot.One-way analysis of variance or Welch test was used to compare the differences among groups,and Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used.Results At the same observation time,the ％ID/g of 99TcmO4-and NIS expression among different HI groups were statistically significant (F values:48.825-119.219,all P＜0.01).In NI and 10 HI groups,％ID/g of 99TcmO4-and NIS expression were not significantly different among different time subgroups (F values:0.090-4.753,all P＞0.05).Significant differences of ％ ID/g of 99TcmO4-and NIS expression were found among different time subgroups in 50HI,100HI and 500HI groups (F values:10.442-90.408,all P＜0.01).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the concentration of iodine correlated negatively with ％ID/g of 99TcmO4-and NIS expression (rs values:-0.853 and-0.950,both P＜0.01),while the ％ID/g of 99TcmO4-and NIS expression was positively correlated (rs =0.925,P＜0.01).Conclusions Excessive iodine intake can inhibit thyroid uptake of 99TcmO4-in rats,which is associated with the down-regulation of NIS expression.The degree of inhibition correlates positively with iodine concentration,and correlates negatively with NIS expression.The degree of recovery of NIS and ％ID/g of 99TcmO4-may relate to the time of limiting the iodine intake.

Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Redifferentiation Therapy

The retained functionality of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expressed in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cells allows the further utilization of post-surgical radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, which is an effective treatment for reducing the risk of recurrence, and even the mortality, of DTC. Whereas, the dedifferentiation of DTC could influence the expression of functional NIS, thereby reducing the efficacy of RAI therapy in advanced DTC. Genetic alternations (such as BRAF and the rearranged during transfection [RET]/papillary thyroid cancer [PTC] rearrangement) have been widely reported to be prominently responsible for the onset, progression, and dedifferentiation of PTC, mainly through activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascades. These genetic alternations have been suggested to associate with the reduced expression of iodide-handling genes in thyroid cancer, especially the NIS gene, disabling iodine uptake and causing resistance to RAI therapy. Recently, novel and promising approaches aiming at various targets have been attempted to restore the expression of these iodine-metabolizing genes and enhance iodine uptake through in vitro studies and studies of RAI-refractory (RAIR)-DTC patients. In this review, we discuss the regulation of NIS, known mechanisms of dedifferentiation including the MAPK and PI3K pathways, and the current status of redifferentiation therapy for RAIR-DTC patients.

Report of 73 cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis in Mexico

Abstract: We report 73 cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis from the Community Dermatology program, at the central and mountain areas of the state of Guerrero, Mexico. A similar number of cases was found between children and adults, mostly peasants and school-age children with rural occupations. Upper limbs were the mostly affected and the predominant clinical form was lymphocutaneous (56.16%). All cultures corresponded to Sporothrix schenckii (sl). Treatment was done with potassium iodide in 54 patients, achieving clinical and mycological cure in all cases.

Antiproliferative effect of chitosan extracted from crab shells on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549)

The Present study was made to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of chitosan extracted from crab shells against human lungadenocarcinoma cell line (A549). Chitosan was extracted from crab shells which includes deproteinization, demineralization,deacetylation. MTT method to find out the toxicity and cell viability of chitosan in both normal and cancer cells (A549). The Propidiumiodide staining and DNA fragmentation is to analyze the apoptotic bodies in A549 cell line. Chitosan appeared creamy white in colourand the total carbohydrate content was estimated as 0.07 mg/ml. The antiproliferative effect of chitosan against A549 cells clearlyemphasizes, that there is a decrease in the cell viability. The 50 % inhibition (IC50) of the cell growth was found at 20 µg/ml.The cytolocalization of nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation assay revealed the induction of apoptotic cell death in A549 at 24 hours.Chitosan exhibits the inhibitory effect by inducing loss of cell viability, morphology change and DNA fragmentation in A549 cells due tothe presence of free protonated amino groups on the polymer chain. Our preliminary studies support that chitosan could be an efficienttherapeutic agent for cancer