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Background: Iodine insufficiency is prevalent throughout the world, and is rated as one of the most significant public health concerns in more than 125 countries. Secondary to the insufficient dietary consumption of iodine, almost two billion individuals are prone to suffer from iodine deficiency disorders worldwide. The present survey was conducted in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh in order to assess the extent of iodine deficiency disorders, 55 years after the initiation of salt iodisation programme.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh. A close ended pretested questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic information of the participants. Iodine content of salt and water was assessed with the use of I-Check and AQUA test kits in the households.Results: A total of 230 households were surveyed for the consumption of iodised salt which showed that 100% of the study population was using packet iodised salt for consumption. Majority of the population (92.6%) were placing their salt container near chulah in their kitchen and 73.5% were adding the salt in the beginning of the cooking followed by 16.1% in the middle of the cooking. Iodine content of salt sample collected revealed that 95.7% contain only 7 ppm iodine and 99.6% of the water sample contains less than 0.1 level iodine in water testing.Conclusions: The results of study indicated that population of district Chamba is using iodised salt but there is still need of strengthening of monitoring system as well as health education regarding the cooking practices in the households.
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Objective Dual-source CT(DSCT) energy imaging was used to analyze the difference of energy spectrum pa-rameters and energy spectrum curves between mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). The relationship between DSCT standardized iodine concentration and energy spectrum curve with medias-tinal lymph node metastasis was discussed. Methods A total of 113 patients with NSCLC underwent DSCT energy imaging scans. Io-dine images were obtained at the processing workstation. The normalized iodine concentrations of all mediastinal lymph nodes and en-ergy spectrum curves at different energy levels were measured. According to the pathological results,the patients were divided into lymph node metastasis group and non-lymph node metastasis group. The normalized iodine concentration and energy spectrum curve slope of the two groups were analyzed by t-test. The best threshold of standardized working iodine concentration was calculated by re-ceiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)to diagnose the mediastinal lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. Results There was a sig-nificant difference in the normalized iodine concentration between the two groups of mediastinal lymph nodes in NSCLC(P<0. 05);The ROC curve was used to calculate the standardized iodine concentration for the diagnosis of NSCLC. The optimal threshold for lymph node metastasis was 52. 45% ;The energy spectrum curve of mediastinal lymph nodes in NSCLC was gradually decreasing. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the range of 40~110 keV interval(P<0. 05). Conclusion The quanti-tative analysis of DSCT energy imaging parameters is of great significance in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. It can be used as an important index for preoperative judgment of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC.
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Objective To analyze spectral curves and iodine levels in normal adult thyroid by using dual-source CT scanning technique and provide the basis for the differential diagnosis of thyroid space-occupying lesions.Methods A total of 70 subjects were selected for this study,including 38 females and 32 males.They were excluded from thyroid disease by ultrasound examination and had all taken the dual-source CT scan.The image data were transported to the CT workstation,the analysis of iodine levels and spectral curves were completed in theLiver VNCandMonoenergetic modes respectively.The gender differences in ratio iodine content were compared.Results The iodine ratio of thyroid was (1.35±0.19) mg/mlin plain scan,(1.35±0.23) and (1.35±0.21) mg/ml in left lobe and right lobe respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between left and right lobe (P ＞ 0.05),as well as between females and males (P ＞ 0.05).The slopes of the energy spectrum curve in the left and right lobe of the thyroid were 9.98 ± 2.43 and 9.74 ± 1.63,respectively,and 9.88 ± 1.74 and 9.74 ±0.09 for the male and female,respectively.There was no significant difference of slopes of the energy spectrum curve between the left and right lobe,as well as the male and female.The average dose length product of all patients was (208.29 ±21.80) mGy·cm,and the average effective dose was (1.23 ± 0.13) mSv.Conclusions Dual-source dual-energy CT scanning technique have definitive,diagnostic characteristic in the measurement of spectral curves and calculation of the ratio of iodine in normal adult thyroid tissue,and therefore has guidance value in the diagnosis of thyroid space-occupying lesions.
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Objective To determine the iodine content of iodine-rich herbal and analyze the effective factors.Methods Iodine contents of seaweed at different alkali ashing temperature,such as 200℃,300℃,400℃,500℃and 600℃were determined,then the optimum ashing temperature were selected.Mixed ashing auxiliary including potassium carbonate,zinc sulfate,sodium chloride,potassium chlorate were added in samples of iodine-rich herbal,and ashed at the optimum ashing temperature for 2h.The ash was dissolved in deionized water.Iodine content of iodine-rich herbal was determined with As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry.Results The optimum ashing temperature was 300℃;the standard curve regression equation:A =-6.91 ×10 -3C +1.0306,r =0.999 3;iodine content of seaweed,Kunbu and Haidai was 0.829 mg/g,0.343 mg/g and 0.864 mg/g respectively;recovery rates before ashing of seaweed,Haidai and Kunbu were 83.19%,81.47% and 80.32% respectively;91.24%,93.43% and 95.86% after ashing.Conclusion Iodine is rich in iodine-rich herbal,the optimum ashing temperature is 300 ℃,and As3+ -Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry is stable and accurate as a determination method of iodine content of herbal.
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Un total de 1.470 alumnos de escolaridad primaria, de ambos sexos, fue estudiado en este monitoreo de bocio endémico en cuatro localidades de la provincia de Santa Fe: Reconquista (n=404) y Villa Ocampo (n=294) ubicadas en el norte de la provincia, y Rufino (n=317) y Venado Tuerto (n=455) ubicadas en el sur provincial. La edad de los escolares osciló entre 6 y 14 años. Se examinó el cuello de todos los escolares; con el fin de aunar criterios con los realizados en otras provincias, se tomó como referencia la palpación de un solo médico (HN). La definición del grado de bocio fue la misma que fuera utilizada en los otros relevamientos. Se determinó la ioduria en muestras casuales de orina emitidas por los niños una vez que fueron palpados (109 de Reconquista, 105 de Villa Ocampo, 113 de Rufino y 139 de Venado Tuerto). Se midió también el contenido de iodo en 337 muestras de sal de consumo hogareño de Reconquista, 227 de Villa Ocampo, 295 de Rufino y 422 de Venado Tuerto (traídas por los niños desde sus viviendas). El examen palpatorio de los niños reveló una prevalencia de bocio del 2,6%, sin diferencias por localidad. Los niveles de ioduria mostraron diferencias entre las localidades del norte y del sur: en Reconquista 238,6±116 µg/L con mediana de 213 µg/L, y en Villa Ocampo 241,6±223,5 µg/L con mediana de 188 µg/L; mientras que en Rufino 544±349 µg/L con mediana de 442 µg/L y en Venado Tuerto 550±375 µg/L con mediana de 418 µg/L (media±DS). Los niveles de iodo en sal fueron similares en toda la provincia, promediando los 35,5 mg/kg. La prevalencia de muestras con concentraciones de iodo <15 mg/kg fueron del 0,3% para Reconquista, del 1,3% en Villa Ocampo, del 3 % en Rufino y del 4 % en Venado Tuerto. Concluimos que en la provincia de Santa Fe no existe endemia bociosa. Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.
A total of 1,470 primary school students were evaluated to monitor the prevalence of endemic goiter in four cit-ies of Santa Fe province: Reconquista (404) and Villa Ocampo (294) situated in the north, and Rufino (317) and Venado Tuerto (455) situated in the south of the province. Their age ranged from 6 to 14 years. Neck palpation was performed in all students; for the sake of consistency with monitoring performed in other provinces, palpation was performed by only one physician (HN). The goiter grading system was the same used in other surveys. After palpation, urine samples for iodine determination were randomly collected (109 from Reconquista, 105 from Villa Ocampo, 113 from Rufino and 139 from Venado Tuerto). Iodine was also measured in salt samples collected from the children's homes (337 from Reconquista, 227 from Villa Ocampo, 295 from Rufino and 422 from Venado Tuerto). Prevalence of goiter was 2.6 % without differences among cities. Urine iodine levels were significantly different between northern and southern cities: Reconquista had a mean of 238.6 ± 116 µg/L (median 213 µg/L) and Villa Ocampo had a mean of 241.6 ± 223.5 µg/L (median 188 µg/L), while in Rufino the mean was 544 ± 349 µg/L (median 442 µg/L) and in Venado Tuerto it was 550 ± 375 µg/L (median 418 µg/L; mean ± SD). Iodine contents in salt were similar across the province, with a mean of 35.5 mg/kg. Prevalence of salt samples with iodine concentration <15 mg/kg was 0.3 % in Reconquista, 1.3 % in Villa Ocampo, 3 % in Rufino, and 4 % in Venado Tuerto. We conclude that the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, is free from endemic goiter. No financial conflicts of interest exist.
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The prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) has increased within the Korean population and seems to be affected by iodine dietary habits. Some studies reported that the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction increase both in the area of iodine deficiency and excess. In this study, we tried to discover the difference in iodine intake, anthropometric measurements, and blood parameters between male subjects with or without subclinical thyroid dysfunction. A total of 5,249 subjects (Euthyroid: 4706, SubHypo: 454, SubHyper: 89) were used in this study. There were no significant differences in BMI, body fat, visceral fat, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG, fasting serum glucose, HbA1c, alcohol intake, however significant differences were noticed in both age and smoking status. Through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), iodine intake per day was estimated. The average iodine intake was similar (SubHypo 392.9 +/- 279.0 microg, Euthyroid 376.5 +/- 281.7 microg, SubHyper 357.3 +/- 253.8 microg) among groups. The main source of iodine intake was eggs (52.8%, 54.2%, 52.4%) followed by milk (16.3%, 15.8%, 17.8%), then sea mustard & sea tangle (12.4%, 11.9%, 11.6%). The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism was higher in subjects whose intake was higher than the recommended nutrient intake (RNI). These results suggest that the excess consumption of iodine intake may act as one of the risk factors regarding thyroid dysfunction in Korea. Therefore, an adequate amount of iodine intake is necessary in order to prevent subclinical thyroid dysfunction and clinical thyroid dysfunction.