Comparison of serum levels of sclerostin, Dickkopf-related protein 1, and irisin in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:Both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are associated with abnormal bone metabolism, but they have different pathogenic mechanisms. Sclerostin(SOST), Dickkopf-related protein 1(DKK-1), and irisin are newly discovered factors involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. This study aims to compare the differences in serum levels of SOST, DKK-1, and irisin between patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 101 patients with type 1 diabetes who visited the Endocrinology Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2017 to 2019, as well as 55 patients with type 2 diabetes and 59 individuals with normal glucose tolerance who were confirmed through an oral glucose tolerance test as part of the Beijing Changping Community Type 2 Diabetes Management Program from 2014 to 2015. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the levels of SOST, DKK-1, and irisin.Results:There were more female participants than male participants, with an average age of 49 years. The group with type 1 diabetes had a longer duration of illness( P<0.001) and higher HbA 1C levels( P<0.001) compared to the group with type 2 diabetes, and there was no statistical difference in age between the two groups. Both the type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes groups had lower levels of serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide(P1NP) compared to the control group [(8 579±400)pg/mL, (7 268±552)pg/mL vs(10 051±618)pg/mL, P=0.039, P=0.001]; But the β isomer of C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen(β-CTX) showed no statistical difference compared to the control group. Patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes had higher SOST than controls [(129.7±6.8)pg/mL, (104.8±6.8)pg/mL vs(85.9±5.3)pg/mL, P<0.001, P=0.030], the differences between the type 1 diabetes group and the control group lost statistical significance after adjusting for factors such as fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. There was no significant difference in SOST between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes groups. There was no significant difference in DKK-1 among three groups, but DKK-1 in type 1 diabetes group was lower or tended to be lower than that in type 2 diabetes group. Serum irisin in patients with type 1 diabetes was higher than that in controls and patients with type 2 diabetes[(16.6±0.7)ng/mL vs (9.6±0.6)ng/mL, (9.8±0.6)ng/mL, both P<0.001], but there was no significant difference in irisin level between type 2 diabetes and controls. Conclusions:Patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes showed inhibition of the bone formation marker P1NP, while the bone resorption marker β-CTX did not significantly change. SOST levels were elevated or showed an increasing trend in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, which may be related to the inhibition of bone formation. Additionally, type 1 diabetes patients had increased levels of irisin, which may be involved in abnormal bone turnover.

Irisin and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and sarcopenia / 中华老年医学杂志

Irisin is a muscle factor that plays a crucial role in exercise-induced metabolic responses.Recent studies have revealed that it can boost the metabolic rate of both myocytes and adipocytes, while also enhancing mitochondrial content and dynamics.This ultimately helps to safeguard skeletal muscle, promote muscle growth, and maintain optimal muscle function.Therefore, irisin has the potential to serve as both a predictor and a biomarker for sarcopenia.In this paper, we delve into the impact of irisin on skeletal muscle, specifically exploring the synergistic relationship between irisin and mitochondria.Additionally, we investigate the effectiveness of irisin in reversing and restoring muscle atrophy, ultimately establishing irisin as a valuable target for treating sarcopenia.

Continuous and Intermittent Exercise Upregulates PGC-1α/ Irisin / BDNF Expression to Improve Obesity-induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on prefrontal PGC-1α, Irisin, BDNF, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cognitive function in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, which may provide experimental evidence of exercise rehabilitation methods and target screening for obesity. Three-month-old male C57BL/ 6J wild-type mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, high-fat diet, high-fat diet with moderate intensity continuous training, and high-fat diet with high-intensity interval training group, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the high-fat diet with moderate intensity continuous training group and the high-fat diet with high-intensity interval training group received 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training or high-intensity interval training after 12-week high-fat feeding. Behavioral results showed that compared with the control group, reaction time of adhesive removal test was significantly increased (P<0. 01), and spontaneous alternation rate in Y-maze test and exploration time in the novel object recognition test were significantly decreased (P < 0. 01) in the high-fat diet group, indicating that high-fat diet led to cognitive dysfunction in mice. Results showed that compared with the control group, Nissl bodies dissolution and apoptosis were significantly increased (P<0. 01), levels of PGC-1α, Irisin, BDNF, IL-10, and T-SOD were significantly deceased (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax/ Bcl-2, ROS, and MDA were significantly increased in the prefrontal lobe (P<0. 01), indicating that high-fat diet induced excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which were conducive to prefrontal lobe damage. Compared with the high-fat diet group, moderate intensity continuous or high-intensity interval training decresed reaction time of adhesive removal test (P<0. 01), increased spontaneous alternation rate of Y-maze test and exploration time of novel object recognition test (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), indicating that both continuous and interval training improved cognitive function in obese mice; meanwhile, Nissl bodies and levels of PGC-1α, Irisin, BDNF, IL-10, and T-SOD were significantly increased (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), and apoptosis and levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax/ Bcl-2, ROS, and MDA were significantly reduced in the prefrontal lobe (P<0. 01), indicating that both continuous and interval training alleviated obesity-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the prefrontal lobe. Both continuous and interval training significantly upregulated PGC-1α/ Irisin/ BDNF expression in the prefrontal lobe of obese mice, inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced apoptosis, and resulted in alleviating obesity-induced prefrontal lobe damage and cognitive dysfunction; morevover, interval training better than continuous.

Irisin inhibits myocardial injury induced by cobalt dichloride through regulating Sirtl/UCP2 pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role and specific mechanisms of muscle factor Irisin in regulating the intracellular protective protein Sirtl and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) during myocardial hypoxia. Methods H9c2 cells were treated with CoC12 for 24 hours to construct an in vitro hypoxia model of myocardial cells. Six groups were divided in this experiment; control group (control), Irisin group (10 nmol • L

Effect of Anmeidan on Serum Levels of BDNF， GFAP， and Irisin in Patients with Chronic Insomnia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Anmeidan on the sleep quality and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， and irisin in the patients with chronic insomnia. MethodA multicenter， randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled clinical study was carried out， including 480 patients with chronic insomnia （deficiency syndrome） in Wuhan （Hubei）， Guangzhou （Guangdong）， and Lanzhou （Gansu）. They were randomized into an observation group and a control group at a ratio of 1∶1. The observation group was orally administered with Anmeidan granules at a dose of 11 g， 3 times per day， and the control group with Anmeidan simulant at a dose of 11 g， 3 times per day， Both groups of patients received sleep education after enrollment. After 4 weeks of medication， the Athens insomnia scale （AIS） scores， Spiegel scale scores， and serum levels of BDNF， GFAP， and irisin were compared between the two groups as well as between before and after treatment. ResultA total of 480 adult patients with chronic insomnia were enrolled in this study， with 64 patients falled off. Finally， the 415 patients were included in the analysis， including 213 patients in the observation group and 202 patients in the control group. There was no difference in age or sex between the two groups of patients. Compared with before treatment， the treatment in both groups decreased the AIS and Spiegel scores （P<0.01）. After treatment， the observation group had lower AIS and Spiegel scores than the control group （P<0.01）. The treatment in the observation group slightly lowered the level of BDNF， elevated the level of irisin （P<0.05）， and lowered the level of GFAP （P<0.05） in the serum. After treatment， the observation group showed higher level of irisin （P<0.05） and lower levels of BDNF and GFAP in the serum than the control group. ConclusionAnmeidan may improve the sleep quality of patients with chronic insomnia by elevating the irisin level and lowering the GFAP level in the serum.

Effects of aquatic exercise on lipid metabolism, body composition and peripheral blood Irisin level in obese middle school boys / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore effects of aquatic exercise on lipid metabolism, body composition and peripheral blood Irisin level in obese middle school students, so as to provide reference for exercise and weight loss practice of obese children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Twenty six male students, recruited to participate in the summer youth swimming(weight loss) camp in Rudong County Jiangsu Province, were divided into non obese( n =12) and obese ( n =14) group. And t test method was applied for a statistical analysis of their ipid metabolism, body composition and peripheral blood irisin level before and after 8 week aquatic exercise.@*Results@#The high density lipoprotein cholesferol(HDL-C) in the obese group was significantly lower than nonobese group, which were (1.34±0.12) mmol/L and (1.51±0.21) ng/mL, respectively, and the differences were of statistical significance( t=2.81, 6.39 , 8.96, 12.69, -2.72 , P <0.05). After intervention, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass(FM), body fat percentage(BF%) of obese male middle school students decreased from (77.31±8.26)kg, (28.02±1.67)kg/m 2, (25.16±3.59)kg and (32.65±3.90)% to (72.37±7.19)kg, (26.15±1.21)kg/m 2, (21.71±2.66)kg and (30.14±3.61)%，muscle mass(MM) increased from (25.09±3.41)kg to (26.76±3.55)kg. TC, TG, LDL-C contents decreased from (4.69±0.48, 1.31±0.26, 2.74±0.42)mmol/L to (4.28±0.42, 1.14±0.14, 2.36±0.36)mmol/L, HDL-C increased from (1.34±0.12)mmol/L to (1.47±0.11)mmol/L, and serum Irisin concentrations lowered from (192.17±23.27) ng/mL to (164.15±21.69)ng/mL of obese male middle school students. Serum Irisin concentrations of the obese positively related to BMI( r =0.68), FM( r =0.87) and BF( r =0.64), as well as TC( r =0.61), TG( r =0.86), LDL-C( r =0.85), but negatively associated with HDL-C( r =-0.63). A positive relations existed between different value of serum Irisin concentrations and BMI, FM before and after intervention of obese students( r =0.58, 0.53)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Obese middle school students may be resistant to Irisin. 8 weeks of aquatic exercise can improve fat metabolism, body composition and serum Irisin levels of obese junior middle school students effectively. The qualified obese children and adolescents can use aquatic exercise as an intervention measure to control body weight reasonably and improve lipid metabolism.

Association between plasma Irisin concentrations and changes in blood pressure among children: a cohort study / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the longitudinal association of plasma Irisin concentrations with changes in blood pressure (BP) levels among children,and to assess the moderating effect of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior (SB) on the relationship between Irisin levels and BP.@*Methods@#Based on a cohort study, a cluster sampling method was used to select 3 651 school aged children from five schools in Guangzhou in 2017 at the baseline survey and follow up in 2019. Both at baseline and during follow up, PA and SB were assessed by validated questionnaires, and BP levels were measured by an electronic sphygmomanometer. A final sample of 521 children were enrolled based on the PA and SB at baseline. Plasma Irisin concentrations were measured by ELISA at baseline. Logistic regression analysis was recruited for exploring the associations of plasma Irisin concentrations with changes in BP. Moderating effects of PA and SB on the relationship between Irisin concentrations and BP were estimated using stratified analysis.@*Results@#Logistic regression analysis indicated that there was no significant association between Irisin concentrations and changes in BP levels among children ( OR =0.98, P >0.05). After stratification for SB, Irisin levels in the low SB subgroup were inversely associated with changes in diastolic blood pressure ( OR=0.87, 95%CI=0.77-0.98, P =0.02). In addition, SB level had a moderating effect on the relationship between Irisin levels and the DBP changes ( P =0.01).@*Conclusion@#Increased Irisin concentration is associated with the decrease of DBP level among low SB children. Furthermore, SB level shows moderating role in the relationship between Irisin concentrations and changes in DBP levels.

Advances in the risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment of liver cirrhosis with osteoporosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Osteoporosis is a common extrahepatic complication of liver cirrhosis, and it not only increases the economic burden of patients, but also brings adverse effects on their quality of life and prognosis. Recent studies have shown that sarcopenia, adiponectin, leptin, irisin, and inflammatory factors are involved in the development of osteoporosis in patients with liver cirrhosis, and commonly used anti-osteoporosis drugs include calcium supplement, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates. This article reviews the advances in the risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment of liver cirrhosis with osteoporosis and points out that there are still controversies over the influence of some factors on osteoporosis, and further studies are needed to explore related pathogeneses and safe and effective treatment regimens.

The potential relationship between serum irisin concentration with inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic indices and lipid profiles in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Objectives@#Diabetes mellitus is a serious health-treated problem identified by disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine/adipokine, is involved in metabolic homeostasis. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential relationship between serum irisin with inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.@*Methodology@#This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 62 participants (n=32 obese participants with diabetes, n=30 participants with normal weight). The participants answered a demographic questionnaire. Serum irisin, glycemic indices, lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured using standard methods. The difference between groups was assessed by independent-sample t-test or by a non-parametric equivalent. For qualitative variables, the Chi-Square test was used. Pearson rho coefficient was used to determine the potential relationship between irisin and inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles. A p<0.05 was defined as significant.@*Results@#The median (IQR) age of the obese participants with diabetes was 54.0 years (52.2-60.7) and in the normal weight group was 38.0 years (30.0-47.2) (p<0.001). About 78% and 60% of participants in the obese with diabetes and the normal weight groups were females (p>0.05), respectively. Significant differences were observed in serum irisin levels between the two groups, with lower levels (218.74 ng/mL, [144.98-269.26]) noted in the obese with diabetes group compared to the normal weight group (266.68 ng/mL, [200.64-336.57]) with a p=0.024. There was a substantial difference between the two groups regarding IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP (p<0.05). IL-6 had a moderate negative correlation with irisin in obese patients with T2DM (r=-0.478, p=0.006).@*Conclusion@#Irisin concentration was detected to be lower in obese people with diabetes. A negative relationship was detected between irisin and IL-6. Considering emerging evidence about the beneficial functions of irisin in improving metabolic abnormalities, designing future studies with greater sample sizes that will validate these results is needed.

Serum levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 in multiple sclerosis / Níveis séricos de irisina e nesfatin-1 na esclerose múltipla

ABSTRACT Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative autoimmune chronic neurological disease. Currently, there are no effective serum biomarkers to verify MS diagnosis, to assess disease prognosis, and evaluate response to MS treatment. Objective: The present study is a preliminary assessment of irisin and nesfatin-1 serum levels in patients with relapsing- remitting MS (RRMS). Methods: A total of 86 participants, 42 patients with RRMS diagnosis and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. The serum irisin and nesfatin-1 parameters of the patients and control group members were analyzed. Results: Irisin and nesfatin-1 levels of the RRMS patients were significantly lower than the controls (z: -3.82, p<0.001; z: -4.79, p<0.001, respectively) The cut-off level of irisin is 10.390 (ng/mL) (sensitivity: 84.1%, specificity: 71.4%, AUC: 0.800), and the cut-off level of nestatin-1 is 7.155 (ng/mL) (sensitivity: 68.2%, specificity: 64.3%, AUC: 0.739) in the ROC analysis. For these cut-off levels in the case-control groups, the lower irisin and nesfatin-1 levels are the independent variables for MS patients (OR 9.723, 95%CI 2.884-32.785, p<0.001; OR 3.992, 95%CI 1.336-11.928, p<0.001) respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed lower irisin and nesfatin-1 levels in patients with RRMS. These findings suggest that the decreased levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 peptides may contribute to MS pathogenesis such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in MS, leading to demyelination, axonal damage with neuronal loss, and gliosis.

RESUMO Antecedentes: A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença neurológica crônica autoimune inflamatória e neurodegenerativa. Atualmente, não há biomarcadores séricos eficazes para verificar o diagnóstico de EM, para avaliar o prognóstico da doença e avaliar a resposta ao tratamento de EM. Objetivo: O presente estudo é uma avaliação preliminar dos níveis séricos de irisina e nesfatina-1 em pacientes com EM recorrente-remitente (EMRR). Métodos: Um total de 86 participantes, 42 pacientes com diagnóstico de EMRR e 44 controles saudáveis, foram incluídos no estudo. Os parâmetros séricos de irisina e nesfatina-1 dos pacientes e membros do grupo controle foram analisados. Resultados: Os níveis de irisina e nesfatina-1 dos pacientes com EMRR foram significativamente mais baixos do que os dos controles (z: -3,82, p <0,001; z: -4,79, p <0,001, respectivamente). O nível de corte de irisina é 10,390 (ng/mL) (sensibilidade: 84,1%, especificidade: 71,4%, AUC: 0,800), e o nível de corte de nestatina-1 é 7,155 (ng/mL) (sensibilidade: 68,2%, especificidade: 64,3%, AUC: 0,739) na análise ROC. Para esses níveis de corte nos grupos de caso-controle, os níveis mais baixos de irisina e nesfatina-1 são as variáveis independentes para pacientes com EM (OR 9,723, IC95% 2,884-32,785, p <0,001; OR 3,992, IC95% 1,336-11,928, p <0,001) respectivamente. Conclusão: O presente estudo revelou níveis mais baixos de irisina e nesfatina-1 em pacientes com EMRR. Esses achados sugerem que os níveis diminuídos de peptídeos irisina e nesfatina-1 podem contribuir para a patogênese da EM, como inflamação, estresse oxidativo e apoptose na EM, levando à desmielinização, dano axonal com perda neuronal e gliose.

Research progress on the role and mechanism of irisin in organ ischemia/ reperfusion injury / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

lrisin is an endogenous secreted muscle factor, Which not only plays a certain clinical application value in a variety of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurological diseases, tumors and other diseases, but also affects the occurrence and development of organ ischemia/reperfusion injury. ln this paper, the role and mechanism of irisin in organ ischemia/reperfusion injury Were summarized, aiming to provide neW ideas for prevention and treatment of organ ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Experimental study of irisin alleviates house dust mite-induced airway epithelial cells inflammation and apoptosis via the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AlM: To explore the effects of irisin on house dust mite (HDM)-induced inflammation and apoptosis in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS: The human bronchial epithelial cell (16HBE) were cultured with in RPMI1640 culture medium with 10% of fetal bovine serum. After cells reached 85% confluence, the medium was replaced with serum-free culture medium for 12 h. Then the 16HBE cells were treated with various concentrations of HDM (0, 400, 800, 12 00 U/mL) for 24 h. Reactive oxygen species assay kit was used to detected the intracellular ROS generation. And qPCR was used to measure the interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression of the HDM-induced 16HBE cell. The cells were pre-treated with or without irisin for 2 h before exposure to various concentration of HDM for 24 h. Then reactive oxygen species assay kit was used to detected the intracellular ROS generation. The IL-6, TNF-α mRNA expression of 16HBE cell were measured by qPCR. Meanwhile, the phosphorylated and total P65 NF-κB and JNK proteins were detected by western blot. The pro-apoptosis protein cleaved-caspase3BAX and the anti-apoptosis protein were also detected by western blot. RESULTS: The quantitative assay showed that intracellular ROS in different concentrations of HDM stimulus group were obviously higher than NC group (P < 0.05). And RT-PCR analysis showed a higher expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in different concentrations of HDM than in NC group (P < 0.05). Compared with the HDM group, Irisin significantly decreased the level of intracellular ROS of the 16HBE cells (P < 0.05). The released of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA was also decreased in irisin treated 16HBE cells (P < 0.05). And compared with control group, BCL-XL anti-apoptosis protein level was decreased and BAX and c-caspase3 pro-apoptosis protein levels were increased in HDM group (P < 0.05), irisin intervention significantly increased the level of BCL-XL and decreased the levels of BAX and cleaved-caspase 3 (P < 0.05). Compared the control group, phosphorylated P65 NF-κB and JNK protein levels were significantly increased after HDM stimulated (P < 0.05), and irisin intervention decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated P65 NF-κB and JNK (P < 0.05). CONCLUSlON: Irisin can effectively improve the inflammation and apoptosis of HDM-induced 16HBE cells, and this protective effect may be related to its inhibition of NF-κB and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. Irisin may be a potential drug for treating lung inflammation.

Progress on the roles of adipokines in sepsis organ injury / 中国小儿急救医学

Sepsis is a serious life-threatening organ dysfunction disease caused by the body′s response to infection, which is the main cause of death in patients admitted to ICU.The occurrence, development and prognosis of sepsis are closely related to metabolism and regulation of inflammatory response.Adipose tissue not only participates in energy storage and metabolism, but also, as an important endocrine organ, secretes a variety of adipokines with pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities, and thus participates in the occurrence and development of sepsis.There are many kinds of adipokines, and different adipokines play different roles in sepsis and sepsis-related organ damage.Some adipokines such as adiponectin, adipokine complement Clq/tumor necrosis factor-associated protein 3, vaspin, irisin and Apelin are closely related with the pathogenesis and prognosis of organ injury in sepsis.

Associations of circulating irisin with 24-h blood pressure, total and visceral fat, and metabolic parameters in young adult hypertensives

ABSTRACT Objective: Some experimental and clinical studies suggest a possible role of irisin in central and peripheral regulation of blood pressure. The purpose of the study was to assess the associations between serum irisin levels, total and visceral fat, metabolic parameters, and blood pressure pattern during 24-h monitoring (ABPM). Materials and methods: In 206 patients with essential hypertension receiving standard antihypertensive treatments, we assessed anthropometric indices; serum irisin, blood lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides), glucose and insulin; body composition including lean mass and total, visceral, android and gynoid fat using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; ABPM; and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: Baseline irisin levels were within normal reference ranges and comparable between the genders. There were no significant correlations of irisin with age, anthropometric variables, lipids, HOMA-IR, body composition, as well as 24-h blood pressure and dipping status. In univariate analysis, age, fat mass and distribution, lipids and glucose, HOMA-IR, and nocturnal blood pressure fall were poor predictors of irisin levels. These neutral associations were not affected by age, gender, and treatment modality. Conclusions: In young adult hypertensives, serum concentration of irisin was within a normal range and not associated with total and regional fat, blood lipids, insulin resistance, as well as 24-h blood pressure and the magnitude of its nocturnal fall.

Circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin in obese subjects with different grades of obesity: association with insulin resistance and sexual dimorphism

ABSTRACT Objective: There are discrepancies about the relationship of IL-6, clusterin and irisin with obesity and obesity associated insulin resistance and also about their sexual dimorphism. This study aimed at evaluating the circulating levels of IL-6, clusterin and irisin in obese subjects of both sexes who had different grades of obesity and examining their sexual dimorphism and their association with insulin resistance. Subjects and methods: This study included 176 non-diabetic subjects of both sexes who were classified according to their sex into two groups; the male and the female groups. The male group (88 men) was classified according to BMI into; group 1 (22 lean men), group 2 (22 class I obese men), group 3 (22 class II obese men) and group 4 (22 class III obese men). The female group (88 women) was classified according to BMI exactly as the male group. Metabolic parameters, IL-6, clusterin, and irisin levels were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test, post hoc Tukey's test and independent t-test. Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between variables. Results: In obese subjects of both sexes, circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin levels were significantly elevated and positively correlated with HOMA-IR. Obese males showed significantly higher HOMA-IR, IL-6, clusterin and irisin levels than obese females. Conclusion: Obesity in both sexes, especially in males was associated with high levels of IL-6, clusterin and irisin and worsened the metabolic pattern. Circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin may represent possible therapeutic targets for insulin resistance in obese subjects.

Association of plasma irisin concentration with obesity among children:a cohort study / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the longitudinal association of the levels of plasma irisin among children with changes in obesity related parameters and newly onset obesity, and to explore whether physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) have regulatory effects, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of childhood obesity work.@*Methods@#Cluster random sampling method was used to select 521 children from five schools in Guangzhou in 2017 at baseline and were followed up in 2019. A based on baseline PA and SB, children who meet the following criterion were selected:moderate vigorous intensity PA≥60 min/d or <150 min/week; and gender , age specific SB≥ P 75 or SB < P 25 . Plasma irisin concentration was measured in all the selected children. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were conducted to analyze the association.@*Results@#The two year cumulative incidence of obesity, overweight and obesity, and central obesity was 2.82%, 6.57%, and 6.81%, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between plasma irisin levels and changes in obesity related parameters, newly onset overweight obesity or central obesity among children ( P >0.05). After stratified by PA, the irisin concentration in the low PA group was positively associated with weight change ( B=0.229, P =0.03). After stratified by SB, the irisin concentration in the low SB group was positively associated with the height change ( B=0.210, P <0.05). In addition, PA level and SB level both had a moderating effect on the association between plasma irisin levels and the weight change ( P PA=0.01, P SB =0.05).@*Conclusion@#PA and SB show moderating effect on plasma irisin concentration and weight gain. No association of irisin concentration with newly onset overweight or obesity among children has been found.

Research update on the effect of irisin/FNDC5 on metabolism of children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The metabolic level of children and adolescents is of great significance in the healthy growth and development of children and adolescents. Irisin, as a myokine, was first discovered and named in 2012. Early studies showed that irisin can participate in body metabolism and inhibit the occurrence of obesity. Later studies found that irisin can improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and other diseases. At the same time, irisin can promote glucose, lipid metabolism and bone metabolism in children and adolescents, and its mechanism is still controversial. In this review, research update regarding the effect of irisin/FNDC5 on metabolism (lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, bone metabolism) in children and adolescents were summarized in order to provide theoretical reference for researchers in the field of the metabolism of children and adolescents.

Aqueous humor heat-shock protein 70, periostin, and irisin levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome / Níveis de proteína de choque térmico 70, de periostina e de irisina no humor aquoso em pacientes com pseudoexfoliação

ABSTRACT Purpose: To measure humor heat-shock protein 70, periostin, and irisin levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and cataract (without glaucoma), and compare them with those of patients with cataract but without pseudoexfoliation. Methods: We examined 31 eyes of 31 patients with pseudoexfoliation and cataract (without glaucoma) and 30 eyes of 30 patients with cataract. We collected aqueous humor samples from all patients at the time of cataract surgery through a limbal paracentesis via a 25-gauge cannula mounted on a tuberculin syringe that received 100 to 150 µL of aqueous humor. We measured levels of aqueous humor Heat shock protein 70, periostin, and irisin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results: The age (p=0.221) and gender (p=0.530) means were similar between the pseudoexfoliation and control groups. The mean Heat shock protein 70 level (29.22 ± 9.46 ng/mL; 17.88-74.46) in the pseudoexfoliation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (19.03 ± 7.05 ng/mL; 9.93-35.52; p<0.0001). The mean periostin level was significantly higher (6017.32 ± 1271.79 pg/mL; 3787.50-10803.57) in the pseu doexfoliation group than that in the control group (4073.63 ± 1422.79 pg/mL; 2110.44-7490.64; p<0.0001). The mean irisin level (53.77 ± 10.19 ng/mL; 29.46-71.16) was significantly higher than that in the control group (39.29 ± 13.58 ng/mL; 19.41-70.56; p<0.0001). Conclusions: Heat shock protein 70, periostin, and irisin levels increase in the aqueous humor of patients with pseudoexfoliation without glaucoma.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os níveis de proteína de choque térmico 70, de periostina e de irisina no humor aquoso de pacientes com pseudoexfoliação com catarata sem glaucoma e compará-los com pacientes com catarata sem pseudoexfoliação. Métodos: Trinta e um olhos de 31 pacientes com pseudoexfoliação com catarata sem glaucoma e 30 olhos de 30 indivíduos com catarata foram incluídos neste estudo. Amostras de humor aquoso foram coletadas de todos os pacientes no momento da cirurgia de catarata e obtidas através de uma paracentese límbica por meio de uma cânula de calibre 25 acoplada a uma seringa com tuberculina. Foram coletados 100 a 150 µL de humor aquoso. Os níveis de proteína de choque térmico 70, de periostina e de irisina no humor aquoso foram medidos usando o método de ensaio imunossorvente ligado a enzima. Resultados: A média da idade (p=0,221) e sexo (p=0,530) foram semelhantes entre os grupos pseudoexfoliação e controle. Os níveis médios de proteína de choque térmico 70 foram 29,22 ± 9,46 ng/mL (17,88-74,46) e 19,03 ± 7,05 ng/ mL (9,93-35,52) nos grupos pseudoexfoliação e controle, respectivamente. Os níveis de proteína de choque térmico 70 foram maiores no grupo pseudoexfoliação (p<0,0001). O nível médio de periostina foi de 6017,32 ± 1271,79 pg/mL (3787,50-10803,57) no grupo pseudoexfoliação e 4073,63 ± 1422,79 pg/mL (2110,44-7490,64) no grupo controle. O nível médio de periostina também foi maior no grupo pseudoexfoliação (p<0,0001). Os níveis médios de irisina foram 53,77 ± 10,19 ng/mL (29,46-71,16) e 39,29 ± 13,58 ng/mL (19,41-70,56) nos grupos pseudoexfoliação e controle, respectivamente. O nível médio de irisina foi maior no grupo pseudoexfoliação do que no grupo controle (p<0,0001). Conclusões: Os níveis de proteína de choque térmico 70, de periostina e de irisina aumentam no humor aquoso de pacientes com pseudoexfoliação sem glaucoma.

Autonomic function may not modulate irisin release in healthy adults: findings from a randomized cross-over study

ABSTRACT Objective Autonomic nervous system, especially the sympathetic nervous system, may stimulate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, which regulates irisin. This study aimed to explore whether there was any association between autonomic function as assessed by heart rate related indices and irisin release following acute exercise. Subjects and methods Seventeen healthy adults were asked to perform an incremental exhaustive cycling as well as an incremental exhaustive running separately on different days. Heart rate was monitored, and blood samples were collected before, immediately, 10-, and 60-minutes post-exercise. Serum irisin was measured using ELISA kit. Results Markers for autonomic function, such as heart rate at rest, peak, or recovery, heart rate reserve, heart rate recovery, and chronotropic index, were comparable between cycling and running (all P > 0.10). Irisin was increased immediately following both exercise. No significant association was observed between heart rate at rest, peak, or recovery and irisin level at the corresponding time-point, as well as between heart rate reserve, heart rate recovery, or chronotropic index and exercise induced irisin release, with or without controlling for age, body mass index, and glucose (all P > 0.10). Conclusions Autonomic function might not be associated with irisin release in healthy adults. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):201-4

Effect of exercise-induced irisin on myocardial fibrosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Myocardial fibrosis is an important topic in modern medical research, and its development is closely related to common heart diseases such as arrhythmia and chronic heart failure. Exercise intervention can significantly improve myocardial fibrosis, but there is no systematic and comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which exercise improves myocardial fibrosis as well as the effects of different types of exercises on myocardial fibrosis. To date, it is still unclear about how exercise triggers the production of irisin against myocardial fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively review the exercise-induced production of irisin and its effect on myocardial fibrosis, and reveal its myocardial protection, so as to improve heart function and provide fundamental basis for preventing against common heart diseases, such as arrhythmia and chronic heart failure. METHODS: A search of ELSEVIER, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFanga, VIP and Taiwan Academic Literature Database was performed for articles regarding exercise, irisin, and myocardial fibrosis. The deadline for publication was August 2019. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 articles were eligible for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Long-term and single exercise in human experiments has been shown to improve muscular and circulatory irisin levels, which has been better verified in animal experiments. A few experimental results indicate that long-term exercise has no significant effect on blood irisin levels, which may be due to different research subjects, exercise methods, exercise intensity, and exercise frequency. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. Exercise can improve myocardial fibrosis by acting on myocardial mitochondrial stabilization, energy metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The occurrence of myocardial fibrosis results from the regulation of neuroendocrine and oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Irisin can influence the processes of oxidative stress and inflammation related to the mechanism of myocardial fibrosis, by inhibiting ROS/p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, endogenous reactive oxygen species and ROS-NLRP3 inflammation signaling pathway, and regulating the expression of uncoupling protein 2 and mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, exercise may improve myocardial fibrosis by upregulating the expression of irisin, thus providing myocardial protection.