Telogen effluvium.

Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. In its acute form, it generates a lot of anxiety in the patient, which can be signifi cantly allayed with a confi dent diagnosis. In its more chronic form, however, the hair loss may go unnoticed for long periods of time. Here in, the dermatologist’s role in differentiating it from the more common patterned hair loss is signifi cant. Differentiating TE from other causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss can indeed be a daunting task and TE is often used as a waste basket diagnosis. A number of factors have been implicated in the causation of TE, however, clear evidence in their support is lacking. The role of stress as a causative factor as well as the result of hair loss needs to be adequately understood. This review aims at summarizing our current level of knowledge with respect to this very common cause of hair loss. An attempt is made to help the readers reliably differentiate TE from other causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. The possible causative factors, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical presentation, and possible treatment options are discussed.

Estimativa de ferro absorvível em dietas de pré-escolares residentes em bolsões de pobreza do município de Campinas / Estimative of absorbable iron in diets of preschoolers living in poverty areas of the city of Campinas

Iron-defi ciency anemia affects many groups, with a prevalence of more than 50% among preschoolers in Brazil. One of the many possible approaches to defeat the problem is the regular and suffi cient offer of dietary iron, combined with absorption agonists in the same meal. The objective of the present work was testing the quality of the diet offered to preschoolers assisted by the National School Meal Program (PNAE û Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar) in Campinas, in the countryside of São Paulo state. Energy (Kcal), total iron (mg) and absorbable iron (mg) were measured. The sample was composed by 167 children aged 25 to 72 months in 2003. After quality evaluation, only the data from 154 subjects were analyzed. Results showed that iron consumption is higher among girls: 73% of the girls presented a consumption above the RDA value, against 51% of the boys (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences for energy (p = 0.069), total iron (p = 0.395) and absorbable iron (p = 0.353) consumption between the genders. Absorbable iron in preschoolers' meals is expected to be as much as an average 5% of the total iron intake. However, the main reason for this low absorption is not the poor frequency or the scarcity of dietary iron sources, but the limited offer of agonistic absorption factors (mainly meat and vitamin C) in the meals.

Pre-escolares brasileños son un grupo de riesgo para anemia ferropriva, con prevalencia superior a 50%. Entre las estrategias para combatir el problema está la oferta adecuada del mineral y la presencia concomitante de mejoradores de su absorción. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la calidad de la dieta de pre-escolares atendidos por el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) en el municipio de Campinas, estado de São Paulo. Fueron analizadas dietas ofrecidas durante 2003, cuanto al aporte de energía (Kcal) e hierro (mg) así como el hierro absorbido. De un grupo de 167 infantes de 25 a 72 meses de edad, 154 valoraciones fueron consideradas válidas. Los resultados evidenciaron que el consumo de hierro es mejor en niñas, 73% mostraron ingestión adecuada, contra 51% en niños (p<0,05). Los valores encontrados para energía (p=0,069), hierro total (p=0,395) y hierro absorbido (p=0,353) fueron semejantes para ambos sexos. La absorción del hierro de la dieta se mostró baja (5 a 6% del total) y la razón principal no era su ausencia, sino la limitada presencia de mejoradores de la absorción como carne y vitamina C.

O grupo de pré-escolares brasileiros está entre os considerados de risco para a anemia ferropriva, com uma prevalência superior a 50%. Entre asestratégias para combater o problema, está a oferta adequada e sufi ciente do mineral, e a presença de agonistas de absorção às mesmasrefeições. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da dieta de pré-escolares atendidos pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar(PNAE) no município de Campinas, SP quanto ao fornecimento de energia e ferro, por meio da quantifi cação da energia (Kcal), do ferro total (mg), e do ferro absorvido (mg) a partir das refeições consumidas no ano de 2003. A amostra foi composta por 167 crianças de 25 a 72 meses;154 inquéritos foram considerados válidos. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de ferro é melhor entre as meninas, uma vez que 73%apresentaram valores de ingestão adequados, contra 51% dos meninos (p < 0,05). Os valores encontrados para energia (p = 0,069), ferro total(p = 0,395) e ferro absorvido (p = 0,353) não diferiram entre os gêneros. A dieta consumida pelas crianças deve resultar em baixa absorçãodo mineral (estimativa de 5 a 6% do total); a principal razão para isto, contudo, não está na pequena freqüência ou quantidade de alimentosfonte de ferro, mas sim na limitada oferta de agentes agonistas da absorção, como carne e vitamina C.