Hancornia speciosa serum latex fraction: a non-allergenic biomaterial / Fração soro do látex de Hancornia speciosa: um biomaterial não alergênico

Plant-derived products can assist in the healing process of dermal wounds. It has been demonstrated that Hancornia speciosa latex present angiogenic, osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Then, it could contribute to the wound healing process. However, natural products in contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the allergic and irritant potential of H. speciosa serum fraction latex using in vitro assays. The obtained results showed that the H. speciosa serum fraction latex has a slightly irritant potential and is not cytotoxic neither allergenic for human cells. Moreover, we identified a remarkable low amount of proteins in this material in comparison to Hevea brasiliensis latex. This result could explain the non-allergenic potential of H. speciosa serum fraction latex because proteins present in latex are the main responsible for allergy. This biomaterial could be used as a non-allergenic source for development of new medicines.

Produtos derivados de plantas podem auxiliar no processo de cicatrização de feridas cutâneas. Foi demonstrado que o látex de Hancornia speciosa apresenta atividades angiogênicas, osteogênicas, antiinflamatórias e antioxidantes. Então, este biomaterial pode contribuir para o processo de cicatrização de feridas. No entanto, produtos naturais em contato com a pele podem causar dermatites. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial alérgico e irritante do látex da fração soro de H. speciosa por meio de ensaios in vitro. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o látex da fração do soro de H. speciosa possui um potencial pouco irritante e não é citotóxico nem alergênico para células humanas. Além disso, foi identificado uma notável baixa quantidade de proteínas neste material em comparação ao látex de Hevea brasiliensis. Esse resultado poderia explicar o potencial não alergênico do látex da fração soro de H. speciosa, pois as proteínas presentes no látex são as principais responsáveis pela alergia. Este biomaterial pode ser utilizado como fonte não alergênica para desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos.

Hancornia speciosa serum latex fraction: a non-allergenic biomaterial

Abstract Plant-derived products can assist in the healing process of dermal wounds. It has been demonstrated that Hancornia speciosa latex present angiogenic, osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Then, it could contribute to the wound healing process. However, natural products in contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the allergic and irritant potential of H. speciosa serum fraction latex using in vitro assays. The obtained results showed that the H. speciosa serum fraction latex has a slightly irritant potential and is not cytotoxic neither allergenic for human cells. Moreover, we identified a remarkable low amount of proteins in this material in comparison to Hevea brasiliensis latex. This result could explain the non-allergenic potential of H. speciosa serum fraction latex because proteins present in latex are the main responsible for allergy. This biomaterial could be used as a non-allergenic source for development of new medicines.

Resumo Produtos derivados de plantas podem auxiliar no processo de cicatrização de feridas cutâneas. Foi demonstrado que o látex de Hancornia speciosa apresenta atividades angiogênicas, osteogênicas, antiinflamatórias e antioxidantes. Então, este biomaterial pode contribuir para o processo de cicatrização de feridas. No entanto, produtos naturais em contato com a pele podem causar dermatites. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial alérgico e irritante do látex da fração soro de H. speciosa por meio de ensaios in vitro. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o látex da fração do soro de H. speciosa possui um potencial pouco irritante e não é citotóxico nem alergênico para células humanas. Além disso, foi identificado uma notável baixa quantidade de proteínas neste material em comparação ao látex de Hevea brasiliensis. Esse resultado poderia explicar o potencial não alergênico do látex da fração soro de H. speciosa, pois as proteínas presentes no látex são as principais responsáveis pela alergia. Este biomaterial pode ser utilizado como fonte não alergênica para desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos.

Hancornia speciosa serum latex fraction: a non-allergenic biomaterial / Fração soro do látex de Hancornia speciosa: um biomaterial não alergênico

Abstract Plant-derived products can assist in the healing process of dermal wounds. It has been demonstrated that Hancornia speciosa latex present angiogenic, osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Then, it could contribute to the wound healing process. However, natural products in contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the allergic and irritant potential of H. speciosa serum fraction latex using in vitro assays. The obtained results showed that the H. speciosa serum fraction latex has a slightly irritant potential and is not cytotoxic neither allergenic for human cells. Moreover, we identified a remarkable low amount of proteins in this material in comparison to Hevea brasiliensis latex. This result could explain the non-allergenic potential of H. speciosa serum fraction latex because proteins present in latex are the main responsible for allergy. This biomaterial could be used as a non-allergenic source for development of new medicines.

Resumo Produtos derivados de plantas podem auxiliar no processo de cicatrização de feridas cutâneas. Foi demonstrado que o látex de Hancornia speciosa apresenta atividades angiogênicas, osteogênicas, antiinflamatórias e antioxidantes. Então, este biomaterial pode contribuir para o processo de cicatrização de feridas. No entanto, produtos naturais em contato com a pele podem causar dermatites. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial alérgico e irritante do látex da fração soro de H. speciosa por meio de ensaios in vitro. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o látex da fração do soro de H. speciosa possui um potencial pouco irritante e não é citotóxico nem alergênico para células humanas. Além disso, foi identificado uma notável baixa quantidade de proteínas neste material em comparação ao látex de Hevea brasiliensis. Esse resultado poderia explicar o potencial não alergênico do látex da fração soro de H. speciosa, pois as proteínas presentes no látex são as principais responsáveis ​​pela alergia. Este biomaterial pode ser utilizado como fonte não alergênica para desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos.

Occupational distribution and management strategies of occupational contact dermatitis / 环境与职业医学

Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is an occupational inflammatory skin disease. According to its pathogenesis, it can be divided into irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. This review introduced the high-risk occupations of OCD, its incidence, common irritants and allergens, and corresponding treatments. Agriculture workers, construction workers, production workers, hairdressers, and medical workers are high-risk occupations of OCD who should be paid attention to.

A Case of Irritant Contact Dermatitis due to Fiberglass in a Construction Worker / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

DERMATITIS PALPEBRAL

La dermatitis palpebral constituye un proceso inflamatorio frecuente, ya que la piel que recubre los párpados es especialmente susceptible a la acción de agentes irritantes y alergénicos. La piel de ésta región es cuatro veces más fina que en el resto de la cara, lo que facilita la aparición de edema en caso de inflamación. Otros factores que influyen son la función anormal de la barrera cutánea que puede promover el desarrollo de la sensibilización, y el fácil acceso de numerosos alergenos a dicha zona, los que pueden llegar por contacto directo con las manos, por vía aerotransportada y en menor medida por aproximación. Son múltiples las causas que pueden originar dermatitis palpebral, tanto puramente dermatológicas como sistémicas, siendo en algunas ocasiones multifactorial. De todas ellas la más frecuente es la dermatitis alérgica por contacto, y en menor medida la dermatitis atópica y dermatitis irritativa por contacto También pueden verse comprometidos con un estado inflamatorio crónico los bordes palpebrales, lo que se denomina blefaritis. Los pacientes pueden referir dolor, ardor, prurito y sensación de cuerpo extraño. En ocasiones, debido a la variedad de patologías que pueden producir dermatitis palpebral, el diagnóstico diferencial suele ser difícil de realizar. Es importante conocer el factor causal para poder realizar un tratamiento adecuado, ya que al ser un trastorno por lo general persistente, los pacientes a menudo se someten a terapias inadecuadas, sin obtener la curación del cuadro.

Palpebral dermatitis is a frequent inflammatory process, since the skin covering the eyelids is especially susceptible to the action of irritants and allergens. The skin of this region is four times thinner than in the rest of the face, which facilitates the appearance of edema in case of inflammation. Other factors that influence are the abnormal function of the cutaneous barrier that can promote the development of sensitization, and the easy access of numerous allergens to this area, which can come by direct contact with the hands, by airborne and to a lesser extent by approximation. There are many causes that can cause palpebral dermatitis, both purely dermatological and systemic, being sometimes multifactorial. Of all of them, the most frequent is allergic contact dermatitis, and to a lesser extent, atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. The palpebral borders can also be compromised with a chronic inflammatory state, which is called blepharitis. Patients may report pain, burning, pruritus and foreign body sensation. Occasionally, due to the variety of pathologies that can produce palpebral dermatitis, the differential diagnosis is usually difficult to perform. It is important to know the causal factor to be able to perform an adequate treatment, since being a generally persistent disorder, patients often undergo inadequate therapies, without obtaining the cure of the pathology.

Irritant Contact Dermatitis Induced by Benzalkonium Chloride (Zephanon®) / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Irritant Contact Dermatitis Following Microneedle Therapy by Non-medical Personnel / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Dermatitis alérgica de contacto por cosméticos en un consultorio alergoinmunologico / Allergic dermatitis of contact by cosmetics in a alego-immunological doctor`s office

La dermatitis de contacto (DC) es una respuesta inflamatoria de la piel, como resultado del contacto de la misma con múltiples factores externos, frecuentemente contenidos en cosméticos. Las pruebas del parche son el pilar diagnostico. Se evaluó la prevalencia de la dermatitis alérgica de contacto por cosméticos, determinando las relaciones epidemiológicas como: edad, sexo, localización, ocupación y sensibilización. El 70% de los pacientes estudiados fueron DAC y el 30% fuerondermatitis irritativas por contacto (DIC). El 57% de las dermatitis alérgicas estaban asociadas a cosméticos,predominando en el sexo femenino.

Contact dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory response of the skinas a result of contact with multiple external factors, often containedin cosmetics. Patch tests are the diagnostic pillar. Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to cosmetics was evaluatedby determining the epidemiological relationships as age, sex, location, occupation and awareness.70% of the patients studied were DAC and 30% were irritant contact dermatitis (ICD).57% of allergic dermatitis were associated with cosmetics, predominantly in females.

The Effect of Powders and Moisturizers on SLS Irritated, Intertriginous Skin / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Intertrigo is a form of contact dermatitis of skin folds of the body, for which a large variety of topical medications may be recommended. Application of a suitable barrier preparation is the cornerstone for the prevention and treatment for the intertrigo. OBJECTIVE: There is a notable absence of controlled trials to support and guide the use of barrier preparations for intertrigo. METHODS: We evaluated the effect of powders and moisturizers with non-invasive measuring methods on irritated skin reactions induced by sodium lauryl sulphate in the sintertriginous skin of 21 healthy volunteers. After skin irritation for 24 hours with patch test of 1% sodium lauryl sulphate on both axilla, we applied a powder and a moisturizer respectively. Evaluation was done at 2 weeks by transepidermal water loss, electrical capacitance. RESULTS: TEWL values of the moisturizer treated side were significantly lower than that of the powder treated side. Water holding capacity values of the moisturizer treated side were significantly higher than that of the powder treated side. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that topical application of a moisturizer might improve the disruption of permeability barrier function of intertrigo. We suggest this experimental model for further barrier preparation efficacy testing of intertrigo.

Epidemiology of Skin Diseases from the Spectrum of Dermatitis and Eczema

Particular types of eczema may affect up to 29% individuals in certain populations (lifetime prevalence), thus placing the diseases among most frequent clinical problems. Nevertheless, diseases from the spectrum of dermatitis and eczema are poorly defined and frequently misdiagnosed; they also frequently overlap, making the diagnostic process even more difficult. In doubtful cases, where no further means of clinical or laboratory differentiation are available, reliable epidemiological data may provide relevant help in the diagnostic process, as the best candidate for a tentative diagnosis seems the most frequent among diseases in question, which can be verified later by the effectiveness of respective treatment regimen. However, results of epidemiological studies in the field of eczema and dermatitis may be strikingly contradictory, one of the possible reasons being definitions of various types of eczema/dermatitis that leave too much space for individual decision and thus seem hardly suitable for epidemiological research. Better studies based on unequivocal definitions of various types of eczema are necessary to achieve the quality of epidemiological data that would ensure the level of certainty expected from a diagnostic tool. The present paper collates results from available epidemiological data on various types of eczema: atopic eczema, allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, protein contact dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, asteatotic dermatitis, stasis dermatitis, nummular eczema, dyshidrotic eczema (pompholyx), hand dermatitis and occupational dermatitis. Problems and possible sources of bias in available studies are addressed and discussed along with the results from the studies.

Chemical Burn by a Herbicide, Methylchlorophenoxypropionic Acid (MCPP) / 대한피부과학회지

MCPP (2-(4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy) propionic acid) is a phenoxy herbicide found in many household weed killers and lawn fertilizers. Some of the phenoxy acids, salts, and esters are moderately irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory and gastrointestinal linings. In a few individuals, local depigmentation has apparently resulted from protracted dermal contact with phenoxy compounds. Although acute irritant contact dermatitis induced by herbicides is common, chemical burns induced by herbicides have been reported infrequently in the literature. Here we describe a chemical burn in a 25 year old female after sitting on a lawn that had been sprayed with MCPP 3 days earlier. This case illustrates potential hazards of the herbicide on the lawn of a public park.

Epidermal Hyperplasia and Elevated HB-EGF are More Prominent in Retinoid Dermatitis Compared with Irritant Contact Dermatitis Induced by Benzalkonium Chloride

BACKGROUND: 'Retinoid dermatitis' is a retinoid-induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). The mechanism of retinoid dermatitis may be different from that of other ICDs. However, it remains uncertain how topical retinoid induce ICD. OBJECTIVE: We compared several aspects of contact dermatitis induced by topical retinol and benzalkonium chloride (BKC) on hairless mice skin. METHODS: 2% retinol or 2.5% BKC was applied to hairless mice and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), ear thickness, histologic and immunohistochemical findings were compared. We also compared mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, epidermal differential markers, cyclooxygenases (COXs) and heparin binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor (HB-EGF). RESULTS: Topical application of 2% retinol and 2.5% BKC increased TEWL and ear thickness in similar intensity. Epidermal hyperplasia was more prominent in retinol treated skin. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, involucrin and loricrin expression were higher in retinol-treated skin than in BKC-treated skin. Filaggrin, however, was more expressed in BKC-treated skin. The mRNA expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha, COX-2, involucrin, loricrin and filaggrin were increased in both retinol- and BKC-treated skin in similar intensity. HB-EGF was more significantly increased in retinol-treated skin. CONCLUSION: Elevated HB-EGF and epidermal hyperplasia are more prominent features of retinoid dermatitis than in BKC-induced ICD.

A Study on the Induction of Hardening Phenomenon by Repeated Application of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Chronic irritant contact dermatitis, the common occupational dermatitis of the skin, could be caused by repetitive exposure of the skin to irritants. Adaptation of the skin to repeated influence of exogenous irritants is called the hardening. The defining characteristic of hardening phenomenon has been progressively decreasing inflammatory response with prolonged exposure to an irritant. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the induction of hardening phenomenon by the repeated application of various concentrated sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solutions. METHODS: Once a day a 0.1%, 0.5%, 2% solution of SLS and distilled water were applied to the volar forearm skin in 15 healthy volunteers for 10 minutes over 3 weeks. After 3 weeks interval of rest, patch tests with 1% solution of SLS were conducted on previously irritated sites for 24 hours. We measured transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema index (E-index) before irritation, during 3 weeks of repeated application. 4 days after the patches test, we measured TEWL and E-index once a day. RESULTS: During 3 weeks of irritation with repeated application of 0.1%, 0.5%, 2% SLS solution, increase of TEWL was accelerated according to concentrations of SLS. In the study of 24-h patch test with 1% SLS solution on previously irritated sites after 3 weeks interval of rest, TEWL on distilled water application site was significantly higher than other sites irritated with SLS solution on D44 and D45. The TEWL values on the site irritated with higher concentration of SLS solution were lower than those with lower concentration of SLS solution. In contrast, there were no significant differences in E-index value during 3 weeks of irritation and after 24-h patch test with 1% SLS solution. CONCLUSION: Hardening could be induced by repeated irritation with SLS solution for 3 weeks. We suggest that hardening could be induced more efficiently with the higher concentration of SLS solution than the lower concentration.

Clinical Study of the Results of Patch Test in Patients with Eczematous Cheilitis / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Cheilitis is a common problem, the cause of which is often obscure. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the frequency of allergic contact cheilitis and irritant contact cheilitis among 23 eczematous cheilitis patients via patch testing and assessment of past medical history. METHODS: This study consisted of 23 patients with eczematous cheilitis who had visited the Department of Dermatology, two University Hospital in Incheon, between January 2005 and August 2006. Of the 23 patients, 20 were female, and the age range was 15 to 70 years. We analyzed the clinical characteristics (age, gender, duration, atopic or allergic disease, lip licking) of the patients. All patients were patch-tested with the Korean standard series, 9 patients with the Cosmetic series and 5 patients with as is test. We then analyzed the results of the patch tests and evaluated the relevance of any positive results. RESULTS: Of the cases, 34.78% were identified as irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), and 30.43% as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Furthermore, of the 23 patients, 11 were positive to one or more antigen and 7 of these had a clinical relevance for positive antigen. The substances causing a positive reaction, triggering ACD were identified as medicaments applied to the lip, lipstick ingredients and toothpaste. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of cheilitis was irritation, frequently caused by lip licking. But, almost one third was caused by ACD. Patients with chronic eczematous cheilitis should be patch-tested to identify the materials causing ACD.

Case Series for Occupational Skin Disorders in Carbon Fiber Exposed Packing Workers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: We report an outbreak of skin disorder in semiconductor packing workers. Through an evaluation of the degree of work-relatedness in this case, we aim to develop a method to overcome such health problems in the workplace. METHODS: A questionnaire investigating the job characteristics and skin symptoms was administered to 51 packing workers working in a semiconductor production factory and 49 questionnaires returned. The 16 subjects in the exposure group and 12 in the non-exposure group underwent doctor's examination and patch test. Two of 28 subjects were excluded in patch test. We investigated the work environment and carbon fiber level which was the potential causative agent. RESULTS: Forty-five (91.8%) of 49 packing workers complained of itching and stinging. Three of 14(21.4%) in the exposure group and 3 of 11 (27.3%) in the non-exposure group were positive at 48hr reading of patch test for carbon fiber and carbon fiber paper. None was positive at 96hr reading of patch test. Prominent carbon fibers were microscopically observed on the surface of the packing box and the fiber diameter, measured up to 6.0~7.5 micrometer, was likely to induce skin irritation to skin. To avoid worker's direct contact with to carbon fiber, carbon fiber paper box was substituted by a wax coated carbon fiber paper box was substituted for the original carbon fiber paper box, which caused and the workers' symptoms to of workers disappeared. CONCLUSION: The probably cause of this outbreak of skin disorder was mild irritant contact dermatitis for carbon fiber. To prevent outbreaks of such occupational skin disorder like this, workers should avoid direct contact with carbon fiber.

A Case of Irritant Contact Dermatitis due to Garlic / 대한피부과학회지

Garlic has been employed for thousands of years in virtually all cultures for the prevention and the treatment of a wide variety of ailments such as parasitic and fungal infections, chest pain and rheumatism. However, garlic may cause the allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. We experienced a case of irritant contact dermatitis on both legs after external application of garlic. The patient was treated successfully with systemic steroid and wet dressing. We insist the practice of direct application of fresh garlic onto the skin for treating infections should be discouraged.

Two Cases of Irritant Contact Dermatitis due to Garlic / 대한피부과학회지

Garlic(Allium sativum) has been used for centuries for culinary purposes in folk medicine as a medicinal agent for the treatment various disorders, including parasitic and fungal infections. Garlic, however, is responsible for allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in cooks and housewives. Recently we experienced two cases of irritant contact dermatitis after application of garlic used as a naturopathic remedy for the treatment of pruritus.

Objective Non-invasive Assessment of Irritant Patch-test Reactions with Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging (LDPI)

BACKGROUND: Traditional visual reading of patch-test reactions is a rather subjective method, lacking the sensitivity and reproducibility needed in experimental studies. Recently the laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) has been used to measure objectively the increase in superficial blood flow which results in the appearance of erythema. OBJECTIVE: We designed this study to examine the relationship between the LDPI measurement and visual reading after patch test to several different irritants. METHODS: In this study, reading of erythema in experimentally-induced irritant contact dermatitis was performed visually and by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). In addition, we investigated whether the LDPI measurement was appropriate in the routine patch test clinic. RESULTS: A close correlation was shown between the 2 methods (r=0.9046, p<0.001) and the LDPI producing mean adjusted perfusion values (APVs) was able to discriminate between the different visual grades. CONCLUSION: LDPI is a valuable instrument to objectively assess intensity of irritant patch-test reaction, and is indeed one of the few methods which overcomes the inter-individual variations in visual reading, but this instrument is not appropriate to use routinely in patch test clinic because of unacceptably long measurement time.

The Study of Irritancy of Surfactants with Low Concentrations by Non-invasive Bioengineering Methods / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The bioengineering methods for investigating irritant skin reaction have been developed for several decades to evaluate the irritation potential more objectively and quantitatively and obtain the information which is not obvious by the visual examination. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the irritant skin reaction of three kinds of surfactants with various low concentrations which produce little reaction visually and investigative the threshold concentration that is reliable for a patch test. Also we investigated the sensitivity and the correlation between visual examination and bioengineering methods in four different concentrations of surfactants METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were patch tested with 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 1.0% of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS), cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(CETAC), POE(20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween-20) on the flexor side of the Lt. forearm. The result of patch test was evaluated by visual scoring, evaporimeter, colorimeter, and corneometer until 72 hours. RESULTS: 1. SLS, anionic surfactant, showed the highest irritation potential in visual scoring, TEWL, and skin color measurement. And CETAC, cationic surfactant, showed the greatest irritation in corneometer measurements than other surfactants. 2. TEWL was the most sensitive method for evaluation of skin irritation and correlated most closely with visual examination. 3. Concentration of surfactant higher than 0.1% showed to produce reliable and constant result of skin irritation as the experimental primary irritant. CONCLUSION: SLS is proved to be the most appropriate primary irritant for studying irritant contact dermatitis, and the degree and mode of skin irritation is different according to the concentration and kinds of surfactants. TEWL measurement is the most sensitive bioengineering method, which could detect early stages of irritation and correlate well with visual examination.