Antimicrobial and wound healing activity of Ixora coccinea leaf extract in hydrogel formulation

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives.</strong> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and wound healing property of the preformulated hydrogel containing the methanolic leaf extract of Ixora coccinea, as well as its acute dermal irritation using New Zealand rabbits.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods.</strong> Mature dried leaves of I. coccinea was subjected to extraction using maceration and was concentrated in vacuo. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose and gelatin were used to create hydrogel in which the crude extract was incorporated. Physicochemical properties of the extract and preformulated hydrogel were characterized, while its antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were determined using the agar well method and compared to the standard drug 2% w/v mupirocin ointment. A wound excision model in rats was used to determine the wound healing property of the preformulated hydrogel against povidone-iodine ointment. Lastly, animal testing was performed following the OECD Guidelines and upon approval of the IACUC Committee.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Result.</strong> The preformulated hydrogel was effective against S. aureus (p-value ? 0.001) but resistant to P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis. Furthermore, the wound contraction rate in groups treated with preformulated hydrogel (p-value = 0.006) is significantly higher than in groups treated with hydrogel base and povidone-iodine. Moreover, no dermal erythema and edema were observed with albino rabbits.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The preformulated hydrogel with I. coccinea methanolic leaf extract is non-irritating, effective against staphylococcal infections commonly found in wounds. Hence, it is a good substitute for povidone-iodine in wound treatment.</p>

Antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats: An approach to evaluate asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis using thermography / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Obesity and hyperlipidemia is the major cause of many pathological diseases with an increase side effects using allopathic drugs. The present study focuses on the effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats and associated complications. Methodology: In vitro radical scavenging activity of I. coccinea was assessed using DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide. In vivo antiobesity and antihyperlipidimic activity of I. coccinea was tested in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats and assessed for its biochemical parameters in blood and tissue samples. The relationship between physiological responses and regulation of body temperature was investigated by using animal surface temperature images captured with infrared camera. Results: The results of mineral analysis, antioxidant, total flavonoid and phenolic content represented high amount of mineral and had the potential to scavenge free radicals tested with DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide radicals with dose dependent activity. The highest activity was observed in aqueous extract, DPPH with 71.5% inhibition, FRAP with 56.8%, H2O2 with 33% activity at 100 µg/mL concentration. Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats when treated with I. coccinea aqueous extract showed significant activity by regulating the biochemical parameters and maintaining the lipid profile by decreasing TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG and improving HDL-C levels. Similarly, the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, AST, ALT, ALP due to induction of hyperlipidemia, were brought back to near normal levels after treatment with I. coccinea. The levels of tissue anti-oxidants enzymes like SOD and CAT were also found to be improved in treated I. coccinea groups. The whole body asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis showed that significant decreases in temperature was observed in obesity induced groups but a gradual increase in temperature (2%–5%) was observed after treatment. Conclusion: Thus, the results indicated that I. coccinea can be a drug of choice to decrease the risk of complications associated with hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Hypolipidemic activity and HPTLC analysis of Ixora coccinea L. Leaves.

The present research was made to investigate the potential hypolipidemic effect of Ixora coccinea. Hypolipidemic activity is screened by inducing hyperlipidemia with the help of atherogenic diet in wistar albino rats and serum levels of biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and HDL cholesterol were determined. Atherogenic index shows the measure of the atherogenic potential of the drugs. Ethanol extract showed significant (p< 0.05) hypolipidemic effect by lowering the serum levels of biochemical parameters such as significant reduction in the level of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and HDL level which was similar to the standard drug Atorvastatin. Ethanol extract exhibited significant atherogenic index and percentage protection against hyperlipidemia. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, protein and amino acids and reducing sugars which is further confirmed by HPTLC (high performande thin layer chromatography). The overall experimental results suggests that the biologically active constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and glycosides in the ethanol extract, of Ixora coccinea, may be responsible for the significant hypolipidemic activity and the results justify the use of Ixora coccinea as a significant hypolipidemic agent.

Antidiarrheal activity of flowers of Ixora Coccinea Linn. in rats.

Ixora coccinea Linn (Rubiaceae), a small shrub cultivated throughout India, has been reported to possess a number of medicinal properties. It has traditionally been used for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. However the claims of Ayurveda have to be validated by suitable experimental models. The present study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of I. coccinea for its antidiarrheal potential against several experimental models of diarrhea in albino Wistar rats. Here, we report the effects of aqueous extracts of flowers of I. coccinea in the castor oil induced diarrhea model. The gastrointestinal transit rate was expressed as the percentage of the longest distance traversed by charcoal divided by the total length of the small intestine. Weight and volume of intestinal content induced by castor oil were studied by the enteropooling method. Loperamide was used as a positive control. The plant-extract showed significant (P<0.001) inhibitor activity against castor oil induced diarrhea and castor oil induced enteropooling in rats at the dose of 400 mg/kg. There was also significant reduction in gastrointestinal motility in the charcoal meal test. Results obtained in this study substantiate the antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract and its use by traditional practitioners in the treatment of diarrhea.