A Study on the Jejungwon Hospital Building in Jaedong and Gurigae, and Uses of the Hospital after its Relocation / 의사학

Jejungwon hospital, the first modern healthcare facility to be built in Korea, was built at Jaedong in 1885 and moved to Gurigae in 1887. Finally, it was moved to Dodong, outside the Namdaemun Gate, and its name was changed to Severance Hospital. The Jaedong Jejungwon hospital was located at a former house of HONG Youngsik, and it was expanded by renovating existing buildings and constructing new buildings in 2 years. The Gurigae Jejungwon hospital, which was located near Myeongdong Cathedral, was bigger than the Jaedong Jejungwon one and even provided residence to doctors. Jejungwon hospital was a good example of the healthcare facilities that were available in early modern Korea; however, due to a lack of historical materials, it is not easy to analyze the buildings of Jejungwon hospital. Recently, several architectural drawings made by Japanese and photographs taken by foreigners in the early 20th century were discovered, which help us to understand the buildings of the Jejungwon hospitals in Jaedong and Gurigae. This study analyzes the locations and layouts of the buildings of Jejungwon hospital and, furthermore, traces the history of Jejungwon hospital following its relocation. The Jaedong Jejungwon hospital was located at 35 Jaedong, as already known. By analyzing the architectural drawing of Kyeongseong Women's High-School Dormitory, the exact size of the existing building of Jaedong Jejungwon was calculated as 12m × 3.9m. Since the relocation of Jejungwon hospital to Gurigae in 1887, the remnants of Jejungwon buildings were used as Gwangjewon (1900-1907); a vaccine-manufacturing plant (1907-1910); and, finally, the dormitory of Kyeongseong Women's High School(1910s-1950s). The Gurigae Jejungwon hospital was assumed to be located at 193, 2nd street of Koganecho (黄金町) and 4, 1st street of Meijicho (明治町). In particular, the residence of Avison, which was built after 1894, was located at 4, 1st Street of Meijicho, the place with the highest elevation compared to surrounding areas. After 1905, Stevens, a foreign affairs adviser, lived there for one year, following which the Korean government office for agriculture and industry took over the place. The buildings that were used as the hospital at 193, 2nd street of Koganecho were transformed into the Daedong Japanese Club. By analyzing the newly found research materials, it is possible to examine and revise the previous research on the Jaedong Jejungwon and Gurigae Jejungwon hospital buildings. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the buildings of Jejungwon hospital in Jaedong and Gurigae have been reused as healthcare facilities over the years.

A study on the size location and medical function of the Jaedong Jejoongwon / 의사학

This is the study of Jaedong Jejoongwon the first westernized hospital in Korea founded in 1885. To build the groundwork for study of Jejoongwon its size location building structure and medical functions were studied. At the same time the history of jejoongwon particularly that of the time when there arose a need for its moving and expansion was studied Jaedong Jejoongwon was founded in a renovated building. The building was formerly owned by Hong Young-sik who was killed while leading the Gapsinjungbyun. According to the existing block plan of Jaedong Jejoongwon when it was opened in 1885 it was located in the place which later became a park Nowadays this park is to northwest of the Constitutional Court At that time its size was about 600 p'yung As the medical school was built from end of 1885 to early 1886 Jejoongwon was expanded to north and its size was enlarged to 862 16 p'yung Jaedong Jejoongwon reflected the characteristics of western medical system When it was opened in 1885 Jejoongwon consisted of a servants' room an assistants' room the outpatient clinic the operation room (which was also used as the pharmacy) surgical wards women's wards and general wards In 1886 as the number of patients was increased and medical school was opened the function and the structure of hospital changed The most significant change was that a new medical school building was built as the nearby buildings were bought The medical school consisted of the students' dormitory a chemistry laboratory and classrooms Moreover new functions were added to already- existed hospital building a contagious ward a waiting room for outpatients an eye ward a darkroom a room for special diagnosis and treatment and a vaccination room Also from the time when it was first opened Jejoongwon needed the expansion as too many patients came in and the medical education was started Therefore in the summer of 1886 Allen positively explored ways toward the hospital's moving. At last in early 1887 Jaedong Jejoongwon moved to Kurigae on along with the development of medical education and medical treatment shows how the modern medical system was formed and developed in Korea.