Occurrence of nonarticular incidental findings on panoramic radiographs in painful temporomandibular disorders / Ocurrencia de hallazgos incidentales no articulares en ortopantomografias en los trastornos temporomandibulares dolorosos

Facial pain is one of the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) but can be associated with other pathological conditions. The present study retrospectively evaluated the occurrence of nonarticular incidental findings in panoramic radiographs in a group of patients with painful TMDs. Outpatients with a diagnosis of TMD were included and distributed into three groups: arthralgia, myalgia or arthralgia and myalgia, according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Nonarticular incidental findings of their panoramic radiographs were classified in relation to pathological, dental and endodontic status. The dependency relationships among the variables were analyzed using the likelihood test. Sixty patients (38 women and 22 men; mean age: 36.9 years) were evaluated. There was a predominance of arthralgia plus disc displacement (43.4 %), followed by myopain plus arthralgia and disc displacement (38.3 %) and myopain (18.3 %). Pathologic radiographic changes such as bone loss, caries, maxillary sinus opacification and periapical lesions were frequent. Dental alterations such as the absence and altered position of teeth and impacted teeth were frequent. Endodontic changes such as periapical lesions with or without endodontic treatment were frequent. There was no significant difference between groups except for gyroversion. The incidental findings were compatible with caries, sinusitis, impacted tooth and periapical lesion, which may be associated with orofacial pain and could potentially be superimposed on the initial diagnosis, although this hypothesis was discarded. Findings such as the absence and altered position of teeth were also frequent, which may represent occlusal factors associated with TMDs.

El dolor orofacial es uno de los síntomas de los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM), pero puede estar asociado con otras afecciones patológicas. El presente estudio evaluó retrospectivamente la aparición de hallazgos incidentales no articulares a través de ortopantomografías en un grupo de pacientes con TTM dolorosas. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de TTM y se distribuyeron en tres grupos: artralgia, mialgia o artralgia y mialgia, de acuerdo con los criterios de diagnóstico para los trastornos temporomandibulares (DC/TMD). Los hallazgos incidentales no articulares de las ortopantomografias se clasificaron en relación al estado patológico, dental y endodóncico. Las relaciones de dependencia entre las variables se analizaron mediante la prueba de probabilidad. Fueron evaluados 60 pacientes (38 mujeres y 22 hombres; edad media: 36,9 años). Hubo predominio de artralgia más desplazamiento de disco (43,4 %), seguido de mialgia más artralgia y desplazamiento de disco (38,3 %) y mialgia (18,3 %). Las alteraciones radiográficas patológicas como pérdida ósea, carie dentaria, opacificación del seno maxilar y lesiones periapicales fueron frecuentes. Entre las alteraciones dentales, las impactaciones, malposiciones o ausencias dentarias fueron frecuentes. Entre las alteraciones endodóncicas, las lesiones periapicales frecuentes. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos, excepto para la girosversión dentaria. Los hallazgos incidentales fueron compatibles con carie dentaria, sinusitis, diente impactado y lesión periapical, lo que podría estar asociado con el dolor orofacial y así estar sobrepuesto en el diagnóstico inicial, aunque esta hipótesis fue descartada. Hallazgos como la ausencia y la posición alterada de los dientes también fueron frecuentes, lo que puede representar factores oclusales asociados con TTM.

Cistos e Tumores Odontogênicos em uma população brasileira: análise retrospectiva de 12 anos à luz da 4ª Edição da Classificação dos Tumores de Cabeça e Pescoço da OMS / Odontogenic cysts and tumors in a brazilian population: a 12-year retrospective analysis in light of the 4th Edition of the WHO Head and Neck Tumor Classification

Introdução: Tendo em vista a importância do campo da patologia oral e maxilofacial, faz-se necessário compreender o impacto da mais recente Classificação dos Tumores de Cabeça e Pescoço da OMS na frequência e distribuição dos cistos e tumores odontogênicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer a frequência de lesões odontogênicas ao longo de 12 anos, em um serviço de referência em Patologia Oral, no Nordeste brasileiro. Metodologia: Os casos diagnosticados como cisto (OC) ou tumor (OT) odontogênico de 1999 a 2010 foram revisados e reclassificados de acordo com a atual Classificação da OMS de Tumores de Cabeça e Pescoço. Foram analisados dados referentes ao diagnóstico histopatológico, à localização da lesão, à idade, ao sexo e à etnia. A análise dos dados bivariados foi realizada, calculando-se as razões de prevalência, o teste do qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Entre 3.034 espécimes, 409 foram OC e 199 foram OT. Os Oc mais frequentes foram o cisto radicular (n = 129) e ceratocisto odontogênico (n = 99). Entre os OT, os mais frequentes foram ameloblastoma (n = 80) e odontoma (n = 47). Conclusões: Houve uma redução considerável na frequência relativa de OT após a reclassificação de lesões... (AU)

Introduction: Due to the importance of oral and maxillofacial pathology, it is necessary to understand the impact of the latest WHO Head and Neck Tumor Classification on the frequency and distribution of odontogenic cysts and tumors. This study aimed to establish the frequency of odontogenic injuries over 12 years in a reference service of Oral Pathology in the Northeast of Brazil. Methodology: All cases which received a diagnosis of odontogenic cyst (OC) or tumour (OT) from 1999 to 2010 were reviewed and reclassified according to the lastest WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors. Data regarding the histopathological diagnosis, location of the lesion, age, gender and Ethnicity were analyzed. The bivariate data analysis was performed by calculating the prevalence ratios, as well as the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Among 3,034 specimens, 409 were OC and 199 were OT. The most frequent OC were the radicular cyst (n = 129) and odontogenic keratocyst (n = 99). Among the OT, the most frequents were ameloblastoma (n = 80) and odontoma (n = 47). Conclusions: There was a considerable reduction in relative frequency of OTs after the reclassification of important pathological entities... (AU)

Evaluation of the predisposing factors and involved outcome of surgical treatment in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw cases including bone biopsies

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the statistical relevance of whether the systemic predisposing factors affect the prognosis of surgical treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). All cases had undergone bone biopsies to determine the characteristics of the mechanisms of BRONJ by optical microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data included 54 BRONJ cases who underwent surgery and in whom bone biopsies were performed. The results of surgery were evaluated and the results were classified into 3 categories: normal recovery, delayed recovery, and recurrence after surgery. The medical history, such as diabetes mellitus, medication of steroids, malignancies on other sites was investigated for an evaluation of the systemic predisposing factors in relation to the prognosis. The three factors involved with the medication of bisphosphonate (BP) were the medication route, medication period, and drug holiday of BP before surgery. The serum C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CTX) value and presence of microorganism colony in bone biopsy specimens were also checked. Statistical analysis was then carried out to determine the relationship between these factors and the results of surgery. RESULTS: The group of patients suffering from diabetes and on steroids tended to show poorer results after surgery. Parenteral medication of BP made the patients have a poorer prognosis after surgery than oral medication. In contrast, the medication period and drug holiday of BP before surgery did not have significance with the results of surgery nor did the serum CTX value and presence of microorganism colony. Necrotic bone specimens in this study typically showed disappearing new bone formation around the osteocytic lacunae and destroyed Howship's lacunae. CONCLUSION: Although many variables exist, this study could in part, predict the prognosis of surgical treatment of BRONJ by taking the patient's medical history.

Radiolucent rim as a possible diagnostic aid for differentiating jaw lesions

In this study, we formulate a new proposal that complements previous classifications in order to assist dental practitioners in performing a differential diagnosis based on patients' radiographs. We used general search engines and specialized databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, MedLine Plus, Science Direct, Scopus, and well-recognized textbooks to find relevant studies by using keywords such as "jaw disease," "jaw lesions," "radiolucent rim," "radiolucent border," and "radiolucent halo." More than 200 articles were found, of which 70 were broadly relevant to the topic. We ultimately included 50 articles that were closely related to the topic of interest. When the relevant data were compiled, the following eight lesions were identified as having a radiolucent rim: periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, focal cemento-osseous dysplasia, florid cemento-osseous dysplasia, cemento-ossifying fibroma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, odontoma, and cementoblastoma. We propose a novel subcategory, jaw lesions with a radiolucent rim, which includes eight entities. The implementation of this new category can help improve the diagnoses that dental practitioners make based on patients' radiographs.

Non-familial Cherubism – Report of a case / Querubim não familiar - Relatório de caso

The Cherubism is a rare disease that affects the middle and lower third of the facein individuals at the time of childhood. It is a rarehereditary benign bone disease with an autosomal dominant inheritance. The familial distribution may affect different generations and isolated nonfamilial cases have also been reported in literature. Lesions appear as cystic multilocular radiolucencies, histologically, they resemble central giant cell granluloma and hyperpara thyroidism brown tumorwith numerous randomly distributed multinuclea tedgiant cells and vascular spaces within a fibrous connective tissue stroma. Objective: The aim of this study is to report the importance of the diagnosis of this pathology and the variety of treatments availablein the literature, thus guiding to an individualized treatment. Case Report: Caucasian 8 years-oldfemale, in good general condition, was referred to Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Erasto Gaertner Hospital (EGH), Curitiba – PR, Brazil, complaining of bilateral swelling of the maxilla and mandible since 4 years-old. Apparently, the girl isthe first one who developed the genetic pathologyin at least 4 generations of her family. After biopsy, cherubism diagnosis was confirmed and the treatment of choice was periodic monitoring. Discussion: Cherubism studies with long-term follow-up with clinical and radiographic documentation indicate that the spontaneous resolution of bone lesions israre. Treatment of cherubism is controversial and various modalities have been reported as the use of calcitonin, osseous plasty surgery, curettage, orthognathic surgery, liposuction and palliative treatments. Conclusion: cherubism is a rarecondition that affects individuals in childhood that lead to some facial alterations, those patients need an special care and an well trained team to treat these disease more carefully and wisely noting that exist a series of option of new treatments in this cases...

Introdução: O Querubismo é uma doença rara que afeta o terço médio e inferior da face em indivíduos no momento da infância. É uma doença óssea hereditária benigna com herança autossômica dominante sendo que a distribuição familial pode afetar diferentes gerações, todavia casos não-familiares isolados também foram relatados na literatura. As lesões apresentam se radiograficamente como cistos multiloculados radiolúcidos e histologicamente se assemelham ao granuloma central de células gigantes e ao tumor marrom do hiper paratireoidismo com numerosas células gigantes multinucleadas distribuídos aleatoriamente e espaços vasculares dentro de um estroma de tecido conjuntivo fibroso. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a importância do diagnóstico desta patologia e da variedade de tratamentos disponíveis na literatura, orientando dessa maneira a um tratamento individualizado. Relato de Caso: Mulher, caucasiana, 8 anos de idade, em bom estado geral. Foi encaminhada ao Serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Erasto Gaertner (EGH), Curitiba - PR, Brasil, com queixa de inchaço bilateral da maxila e da mandíbula desde os 4 anos de idade. Em avaliação notou-se que menina é a primeira pessoa que desenvolveu a patologia empelo menos quatro gerações de sua família. Após biópsia o diagnóstico de cherubism foi confirmado e o tratamento de escolha foi a monitorização periódica. Discussão: estudos de cherubism a longo prazo de follow-up com documentação clínica e radiográficas indicam que a resolução espontânea das lesões ósseas são raras. O tratamento do cherubism é controverso e diversas modalidades têm sido relatados como o uso de calcitonina, a cirurgia de plastia óssea, curetagem cirurgia ortognática, lipoaspiração e tratamentos paliativos...

Bony fusion of the maxilla and mandible as a sequelae of noma: A rare case report

Noma is a gangrenous disease of the orofacial region that leads to severe facial tissue destruction and is a significant cause of death among children. With the advent of modern antibiotics and improved nutrition, children with noma may survive into adulthood, but must face the challenge of undergoing repair of the sequelae of noma. This report describes a case of bony fusion of the maxilla and mandible in a 28-year-old female patient, which was a sequelae of a childhood case of noma.

Osteonecrosis severa de los maxilares asociada al uso de bifosfonatos / Severe osteonecrosis of the jaws in a compromised patient subjected to bisphosphonate therapy

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws is characterized by alveolar bone exposure, especially after mucosal trauma or after surgical procedures, in patients who have previously received or who are currently receiving bisphosphonates without a history of radiation therapy in the maxillofacial region. The condition is refractory to treatment, and attempts at debridement are not completely effective in eradicating the necrotic bone. We report here a case of a severe osteonecrosis of the jaws in a 77-year-old male patient, who had been subjected to chemotherapy and treatment with zoledronic acid and corticosteroid. The patient also had comorbidities such as diabetes and periodontal disease, which might have contributed to the lesion development. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws has become a reality in dental clinical practice. Although palliative treatment aiming at controlling pain, infection and injury progression is indicated, the therapeutic strategy is still challenging. So far, the best approach available is prevention, based on oral care before, during, and after bisphosphonate therapy(AU)

La osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada al uso de bifosfonatos se traduce en la aparición de hueso alveolar expuesto y necrótico, especialmente después de un trauma de la mucosa o después de procedimientos quirúrgicos, en pacientes que han recibido previamente o que están recibiendo bifosfonatos pero sin historia de radioterapia a región máxilofacial. La afección es refractaria al tratamiento, y los intentos de desbridamiento no son totalmente eficaces en la erradicación del hueso necrótico. Se presenta aquí un caso de una grave osteonecrosis de los maxilares en un paciente masculino de 77 años de edad, que había sido sometido a quimioterapia y tratamiento con ácido zoledrónico y corticosteroides. El paciente también tenía comorbilidades como diabetes y enfermedad periodontal, que pueden haber contribuido al desarrollo de la lesión. El creciente número de casos de esta enfermedad en la literatura ha llamado la atención. Dado que el enfoque terapéutico sigue siendo difícil, la prevención es la mejor estrategia disponible(AU)

Displasia cemento-óssea florida: relato de caso / Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: case report

Objetivo: Os autores relatam um caso clínico de Displasia Cemento-Óssea Florida em mulher negra, 71 anos, desdentada, portadora de prótese total, com áreas hipercompressivas refletindo reação inflamatória no rebordo alveolar inferior. Descrição do caso: O tecido mole das áreas mucosas de rebordo se mostrava tumefacto difusamente, sugerindo fibromatoses localizadas. Radiograficamente, áreas radiopacas regulares e difusas eram observadas ao longo dos ossos maxilares. Biópsia em uma dessas áreas evidenciou, à microscopia óptica, quadro histopatológico compatível com displasia cementária, o que possibilitou o diagnóstico final de displasia cemento óssea florida, chamada também de cementoma gigantiforme, apesar de não representar uma verdadeira neoplasia. Conclusão: Os autores consideram, ainda, que não há relação com alterações sistêmicas de natureza hormonal ou metabólica e que na proposição do diagnóstico definitivo concorrem as características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas.

Aim: The authors describe a clinical case of Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia in black woman, 71 years old, edentous, bearer of total prosthesis, with areas hipercompressives reflecting inflammatory reaction in the inferior alveolar edge. Case description: The soft tissue of the mucous areas of edge was shown diffuse tumescent, suggesting located fibromatoses. Regular and diffuse radiopac radiographic areas were observed along the bones maxillaries. Biopsy in one of those areas evidenced, to the optical microscopy, histopathological images compatible with cementous dysplasia, what made possible the final diagnosis of Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia, also called gigantiform cementoma, in spite of not representing a true neoplasm. Conclusion: The authors consider also that there is no relation with systemic hormonal or metabolic and the proposition that the definitive diagnosis is based in the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features.

Histomorphometric assessment of bone necrosis produced by two cryosurgery protocols using liquid nitrogen: an experimental study on rat femurs

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of liquid nitrogen cryosurgery on the femoral diaphysis of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The femoral diaphyses of 42 Wistar rats were exposed to three local and sequential applications of liquid nitrogen for 1 or 2 min, intercalated with periods of 5 min of passive thawing. The animals were sacrificed after 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks and the specimens obtained were processed and analyzed histomorphometrically. RESULTS: The depth and extent of peak bone necrosis were 124.509 µm and 2087.094 µm for the 1-min protocol, respectively, and 436.424 µm and 12046.426 µm for the 2-min protocol. Peak necrosis was observed in the second experimental week with both cryotherapy protocols. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that the 2-min protocol produced more marked bone necrosis than the 1-min protocol. Although our results cannot be entirely extrapolated to clinical practice, they contribute to the understanding of the behavior of bone tissue submitted to different cycles of liquid nitrogen freezing and may serve as a basis for new studies.

A systematic review of microsurgical reconstruction of the jaws using vascularized fibula flap technique in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of microsurgical reconstruction of the jaws in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis, and biological complications after an observation period of at least 12 months. Material and methods: An electronic MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searching was conducted to identify studies reporting data of at least 12 months observation on the microsurgical reconstruction of the jaws in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis. RESULTS: Four studies resulted eligible for the analysis yielded. Three out of five studies were free of complications, with a success rate of 100 percent as no recurrence of osteonecrosis was registered. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical reconstruction of the jaws represents a valid treatment modality in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis at 3rd stage of the disease.

Clinical study of diagnosis and treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws

INTRODUCTION: Bisphosphonates is used widely for the treatment of the Paget's disease, multiple myeloma, bone metastases of malignant tumors with the prevention of pain and their pathological fracture. However, it was recently suggested that bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a side effect of bisphosphonate use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four individuals, who were referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Dankook University Dental Hospital, were selected from those who had exposed bone associated with bisphosphonates from January, 2005 to December, 2009 according to the criteria of American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) for BRONJ. The patients group consisted of 7 males and 17 females between the age of 46 to 78 years (average 61.8 years). Each patient had panoramic imaging, computed tomography (CT), whole body bone scanning performed for a diagnosis and biopsy sampling from the necrotizing tissue. C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) level of patients who had undergone surgical intervention was measured 7 days before surgery. RESULTS: The main cause of bone exposure was post-extraction (15), chronic periodontitis (4), persistent irritation of the denture (3). Twenty people had undergone BRONJ treatment for two to eight months except for 4 people who had to maintain the bisphosphonates treatment to prevent a metastasis and bone trabecular pain with medical treatment. When the bisphosphonate treatment was suspended at least for 3 months and followed up according to the AAOMS protocols, the exposed necrotizing bones were found to be covered by soft tissue. CONCLUSION: Prevention therapy, interruption of bisphophonates for at least 3 months and cooperation with the physician for conservative treatment are the essential for treating BRONJ patient with high risk factors. The CTX level of BRONJ patients should be checked before undergoing surgical intervention. Surgical treatments should be delayed in the case of a CTX level <150 pg/mL.

Clinical study of correlation between C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen and risk assessment, severity of disease, healing after early surgical intervention in patients with bisphophonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws

INTRODUCTION: The utility of the C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide test (CTX) as a method for staging Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) and its healing process was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 19 patients who were diagnosed with BRONJ underwent a fasted morning CTX test, were enrolled in this study. The serum CTX values ranged from 50 to 630 pg/mL (mean 60). The risk assessment was rated according to the CTX values of the individual patient (minimal risk, > or =150 pg/mL, moderate, 100 to 150 pg/mL, high, < or =100 pg/mL). The BRONJ scores were then calculated according to the number of BRONJ lesions and their stage. The operation was done as soon as possible, regardless of BORNJ stage. RESULTS: The mean duration of bisphosphonate therapy was 4.1 years. Of the 19 patients, 15, 2 ans 2 received alendronate, risedronate and zoledronate, respecively. Of the 19 patients who underwent a sequestrectomy, saucerization and smoothing, 15 healed after the initial surgery, 1 patient healed after one more surgical procedure, 3 patients did not heal completely but showed improvement in symptoms. Therefore, 17 out of the 19 patients healed completely with complete mucosal coverage and the elimination of pain. The risk assessment using the CTX value and disease severity were not correlated (r=-0.264, P=0.275). In addition, the risk assessment using CTX value and healing after surgery were not correlated (r=-0.147, P=0.547). CONCLUSION: The serum CTX should be considered carefully by clinicians as part of overall management. Early surgical intervention is of benefit in the treatment of stage II BRONJ.

Auxílio da prototipagem na reconstrução mandibular: caso clínico / Stereolithographic modeling technology applied in mandibular reconstruction: a case report

Diversas imagens são utilizadas dentro da Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial, visando avaliar lesões patológicas, com finalidades diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Nas cirurgias das lesões patológicas da região facial, a imaginologia oferece ferramentas úteis para a obtenção de um plano de tratamento efetivo, ou seja, restabelecimento da forma e função com ausência de recidiva. Dentre essas ferramentas, temos a possibilidade de utilizar os modelos de prototipagem rápida (PR). Por meio de caso clínico discutiremos as vantagens da utilização da PR, enfatizando vários aspectos, tais como: previsibilidade, tempo cirúrgico, controle do seguimento condilar, simetria facial, entre outros. O presente artigo relata um caso clínico, de um paciente com uma neoplasia benigna na região posterior de mandíbula, onde foi instituída a exérese do tumor por meio de uma ressecção com perda da continuidade mandibular, associada a uma reconstrução primária com osso autógeno. O biomodelo de PR foi utilizado, auxiliando nas decisões pré e transoperatórias, tendo se alcançado um resultado satisfatório. O paciente encontra-se sem sinais de recidiva após 03 anos de cirurgia.

Several images are needed in oral and maxillofacial surgery to evaluate pathologic lesions for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. In surgery of the facial region imagenology provides useful tools for obtaining an effective treatment plan, that is one that achieves the reestablishment of form and function without recurrence. In the present study a rapid prototyping model (PM) was employed. On the basis of a clinical case, the advantages of using PM are discussed, highlighting a number of aspects such as predictability, duration of surgery, control of the condyle, and facial symmetry among others. This paper reports a clinical case of a patient with a benign tumor on the posterior region of the jaw which was excised by resection with a loss of jaw continuity associated with a primary reconstruction using autogenous bone. The PM biomodel was used to help in decision making pre- and transoperatively. The patient is well with no signs of recurrence 3 years after surgery.

Study on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ): case report and literature review

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a side effect of Bisphosphonates (BPs) use. These days, oral bisphosphonates are normally prescribed to treat osteoporosis. Intravenous BPs are used extensively to treat osteolytic bone lesions related to multiplemyeloma and bone metastasis of solid cancers, breast cancer or prostate cancer. As the prescription of BPs is universalized and the number of people treated with BPs is increasing, an accurate understanding and proper management of BRONJ are required. The aim of this study was to improve the clinicians'understanding of BRONJ by reviewing the literature. To achieve this, this paper introduces case reports as well as the current concept of BRONJ based on the 2009 updates by American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial (AAOMS) including the definition, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of BRONJ.

Validação da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (CBCT) como recurso no diagnóstico do defeito ósseo lingual na mandíbula / Validation of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as resource to diagnosis of lingual bone defect in mandible

A radiologia é ferramenta essencial no diagnóstico bucal e tem apresentado evoluções tecnológicas que permitem o planejamento e tratamento em Odontologia. A tomografia computadorizada volumétrica de feixe cônico (cone-beam computed tomography ou CBCT) apresenta vantagens relacionadas com a baixa dose de radiação e alta definição das lesões maxilomandibulares.O cisto de Stafne ou defeito ósseo lingual mandibular é mais frequente na região posterior, abaixo do canal mandibular e pode ser visualizado pela CBCT. Relatos dos casos: são analisados dois casos clínico-radiográficos de pacientes com diagnóstico de defeito ósseo lingual mandibular. Caso 1 - individuo leucoderma, gênero masculino, com 52 anos, apresenta imagem solitária, na direção do segundo molar inferior esquerdo com depressão da cortical lingual. Caso 2 - individuo xantoderma, gênero masculino, 60 anos de idade, com imagens solitárias, localizadas no ramo da mandíbula. Concluiu-se que a CBCT é de relevante importância para o diagnóstico do defeito ósseo lingual da mandíbula ao permitir a visualização da relação do defeito com a cortical óssea e sua etiologia. A CBCT melhorou o detalhamento, colaborando no planejamento, tratamento e acompanhamento dos casos.

The radiology is an essential tool to oral diagnosis and has presented technological evolutions that collaborate to planning and treatment in Dentistry. The volumetric cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) presents advantages related to low radiation dose and high definition to maxillary lesions. The Stafne's cyst or lingual bone defect of mandible is more frequent at the posterior region, below the mandibular canal, and may be visualized by the CBCT. Report of cases: two clinical radiographic cases from patients with diagnosis of lingual bone defect of mandible are analyzed. Case 1 - leucoderm, male, 52 years-old, presenting solitary image close to the left second lower molar with depression of lingual cortical bone. Case 2 - xantoderm, male, 60 years-old, solitary images, located to mandibular ramus. The authors concluded the CBCT has relevant importance to diagnosis of lingual bone defect of mandible that allows visualization of the relationship between the defect with the lingual bony cortical and its etiology. The CBCT increased the detailing, collaborating to planning, treatment and follow-up of cases.

Parameters in panoramic radiography for differentiation of radiolucent lesions

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to establish parameters in panoramic radiography for interpretation of unilocular radiolucent lesions, and to compare the accuracy of diagnoses given by examiners before and after using these parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In Part I, 12 specialists analyzed 24 images and the diagnostic criteria used by each examiner to make correct diagnoses were used to build a list of basic radiographic parameters for each pathology (ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous cyst, and idiopathic bone cavity). In Part II, this list was used by 6 undergraduate students (Un), 8 recently graduated dentists (D), 3 oral pathologists, 3 stomatologists, 3 oral radiologists, and 3 oral surgeons to diagnose the corresponding pathologies in the other set of 24 panoramic radiographs (T2). The same analysis occurred without using this list (T1). The method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used in order to estimate the probability of making a correct diagnosis depending on the specialty of the examiner, type of lesion, and moment of the evaluation, T1 or T2 (before or after they had access to the list of parameters, respectively). RESULTS: Higher values were obtained for the probability (GEE) of making a correct diagnosis on T2; the group Un presented the highest improvement (14.6 percent); no differences between the probabilities were observed either between Un and D, or among the different groups of specialists. CONCLUSIONS: The use of panoramic radiographic parameters did allow improving the diagnostic accuracy for all groups of examiners.

Qualidade de vida em portadores de disfunção temporomandibular: um estudo transversal / Health-related quality of life in patients with temporomandibular: a cross sectional study

Introdução - A hiperatividade muscular pode desencadear dor e/ou cansaço muscular (fadiga) e estar associado à portadores de disfunção temporomandibular. O objetivo deste estudo foi classificar os portadores de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e correlacionar com o impacto na qualidade de vida (QV). Material e Métodos - Foi realizado um estudo transversal em uma amostragem de 302 participantes, com faixa etária entre 17 a 50 anos, que foram divididos em dois grupos (80 pacientes do sexo masculino e 80 do sexo feminino) e randomizados através de programa de geração de números aleatórios. O diagnóstico e classificação da DTM, em ambos os grupos, foi obtido pelo índice anamnético de Fonseca e a qualidade de vida através dos questionários da versão brasileira do SF36. Resultados - Os resultados mostraram que 38.75% dos participantes não apresentaram DTM sendo que a grande parte dos participantes analisados possuíram disfunção leve (41.87%) e moderada (14.37%) com prejuízo principalmente das características mentais como, Vitalidade e Aspectos Emocionais, sendo que a Capacidade Funcional foi o domínio que se demonstrou mais preservado dentro da amostra. Conclusão - Existe uma influência direta do grau de DTM com a qualidade de vida dos participantes sintomáticos.

Introduction - The muscle hyperactivity can be associated to temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) and cause pain and/or muscle fatigue. The aim of this study was to classify TMD patients and provide a correlation with quality of life (QL) impact. Material and Methods - A cross-section study was conducted on a 302-participant sample with age level from 17 to 50 years old. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (80 male subjects and 80 female subjects). TMD diagnosis and classification were obtained for both groups by means of the Fonseca anamnesic index while the quality of life was obtained by means of the Brazilian version of the SF-36. Results -The data collected demonstrated that 38.75% of the participants did not present TMD. Most of the participants assessed presented mild (41.87%) and moderate TMD (14.37%) with deficits observed mainly on the mental characteristics, such as Vitality and Emotional Aspects. Functional Capacity was the most preserved domain within the sample. Conclusion - There is a direct influence of the TMD level on the quality of life of symptomatic subjects.

Cisto paradental: uma atualização e relato de caso / Paradental cyst: an update and case report

O cisto paradental é uma lesão odontogênica que ocorre próxima à margem cervical da face lateral da raiz, como consequëncia de um processo inflamatório na bolsa periodontal. Geralmente, localiza-se nas faces vestibular e distal de terceiros molares inferiores parcial ou totalmente erupcionados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de uma lesão óssea localizada na região distal de um terceiro molar inferior parcialmente erupcionado, descoberta aoexame radiográfico de uma paciente do sexo feminino que apresentava história de pericoronarite. O diagnóstico de cisto paradental foi definido após correlação dos achados e o diagnóstico diferencial do cisto paradental com outras lesões são também analisados.

Remisión espontánea de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans unifocal de la mandíbula / Spontaneous Remission of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandible unifocal

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans, denominada originalmente histiocitosis X, comprende un grupo de desórdenes caracterizados por la proliferación anormal de este tipo de células acompañadas con abundante cantidad de esosinófilos. La enfermedad puede afectar cualquier estructura u órgano del cuerpo ya sea en forma localizada denominada granuloma eosinófilo o en formas sistémicamente diseminadas que dependiendo de la magnitud de las lesiones y edad del paciente reciben el nombre de enfermedad de Hand- Schuller-Christian o Letterer-Siwe. En este trabajo se presenta un caso de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans unifocal en una niña de 8 años de edad que había producido fractura patológica a nivel del cuerpo mandibular. La lesión se resolvió espontáneamente después de haber tomado una biopsia para diagnóstico y haber fijada la fractura. No se realizó ningún tratamiento adicional. Se presentan las características clínicas y radiográficas iniciales, la histología e inmunopatología de diagnóstico y los hallazgos a los 190 días de control.

Langerhans'cell histiocytosis, formely known as histiocytosis X, comprises a group of disorders that implies an abnormal proliferation of these kind of cells and usually a massive aggregationof eosinophils. It affects any site and organ of the body, either as an isolated lesion, named eosinophilic granuloma, which is a localized form, or as a widespread systemic disease that correspond to Hand- Schuller-Christian and Letterer-Siwe diseases. We report a case of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis localized in the mandible of an 8-year-old girl which produced fracture of this bone. The lesion resolved spontaneously after a diagnostic biopsy and stabilization of the fracture No additional treatment was provided. The initial clinical and radiographic features, the histopathology and immunopatholy of the lesion and the evolution control after 190 days follow up of the case are presented.

The radiographic study of cortical changes of bone caused by jaw lesions / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

PURPOSE: To investigate the diagnostic significance of cortical changes in the bone of diseased jaws utilizing computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomographic images of 91 patients, consisting of 7 osteomyelitis, 46 cysts, 18 benign tumors, and 20 malignant tumors, were analyzed. The pattern of cortical expansion was classified into three types: no expansion (N), buccal or lingual expansion (B/L), and buccolingual expansion (B and L). The pattern of cortical destruction was classified into four types: no destruction (N), point destruction (PO), gross destruction (GR), and permeative destruction (PE). The pattern of periosteal reaction was classified into four types: parallel, irregular, spicule, and Codmans triangle. The relationship between the pattern of cortical bone changes and diseases of the jaws was assessed. RESULTS: When the pattern of cortical expansion was compared to diseases of the jaw, N-type was most prevalent in cases of osteomyelitis and malignant tumors, B/L-type with cysts, and BandL-types with benign tumors. Comparison between the pattern of cortical bone destruction with diseases of the jaw showed strong correlations between PO and PE-types to osteomyelitis, N-type with cysts, N and GR-types with benign tumors, and GR-type with malignant tumors. Finally, the relationship between the pattern of periosteal reaction to diseases of the jaw showed a strong correlation between parallel-type to osteomyelitis and spicule-type to malignant tumors. CONCLUSION: The pattern of cortical expansion and cortical destruction is useful in differentiating diseases of the jaws.