Influence and significance of angle Kappa on total ocular aberrations before and after SMILE surgery / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the influence of angle Kappa on total high-order aberration (HOA) before and after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).Methods:An observational case series study was conducted.Right eyes of 98 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism who underwent SMILE surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital from April 2015 to May 2016 were selected.Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical diopter and cylindrical diopter under cycloplegic condition were examined before the surgery and at l and 3 months postoperatively.The chord distance of angle Kappa was measured by Pentacam topography.Wavefront aberrations were measured by WaveScan aberrometer.Pre- and postoperative UCVA, refractive status and each HOA were analyzed.The relationship between angle Kappa and each HOA was analyzed by Pearson correlation.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.TJYYLL-2017-17). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The preoperative, postoperative 1-month and postoperative 3-month UCVA (LogMAR) were 0.06±0.23, -0.03±0.07 and -0.05±0.07, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference ( F=779.330, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in spherical diopter, cylinder diopter and spherical equivalent (SE) between before and after operation ( F=1 107.811, 127.786, 1 191.266; all at P<0.001), and the postoperative spherical diopter, cylinder diopter and SE were significantly lower than those before surgery (all at P<0.001). At 6-mm pupil diameter, significant differences were found between postoperative total HOA, spherical aberration, coma, the third-order aberration (S3), fourth-order aberration (S4), fifth-order aberration (S5) and sixth-order aberration (S6) and the preoperative values ( F=75.915, 78.231, 66.186, 64.521, 97.161, 36.623, 28.852; all at P<0.001). The postoperative 1- and 3-month total HOA, spherical aberration, coma, S3, S4, S5 and S6 were significantly increased in comparison with those before surgery (all at P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between angle Kappa and total HOA, coma and S3 at 1 and 3 months after surgery (total HOA: r=0.357, 0.363; both at P<0.001.coma: r=0.310, 0.341; both at P<0.01.S3∶ r=0.343, 0.371; both at P<0.01). Significant differences were found in preoperative, postoperative 1-month and 3-month total HOA, coma and S3 between groups with different angle Kappa ( Fgroup=3.363, 4.277, 4.029; all at P<0.05). The postoperative total HOA, coma and S3 of the larger angle Kappa group were greater than those of the smaller angle Kappa group, with statistically significant differences between them (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:A larger angle Kappa may induce HOAs in SMILE surgery.

Prolapsed tongue papilloma cured by administration of the traditional Japanese (Kampo) herbal medicine, Keishibukuryogan-ka-yokuinin: A case report / 中西医结合学报

Squamous papilloma is a benign mass lesion of the oral mucosa. For papillomas of the tongue, surgery is recommended owing to their malignant potential; however, certain complications may be associated with surgery. A traditional Japanese (Kampo) herbal medicine, Keishibukuryogan-ka-yokuinin (KBGY), has been used to treat viral warts and various skin diseases in Japan. Therefore, the effect of KBGY on papillomas is promising. A 49-year-old Japanese man presented with a wart on his tongue that was about 3 months old. He smoked 5 cigarettes per day. He did not drink alcohol. He had no history of malignant illnesses. He was taking alprazolam for panic disorder. The patient was diagnosed with a suspected papilloma of the tongue at the Department of Otolaryngology and was advised to undergo an excision biopsy to exclude malignancy. However, he refused owing to the fear of an invasive procedure. After informed consent was obtained from the patient, KBGY was prescribed. Three months later, the wart on his tongue spontaneously prolapsed. The histopathological diagnosis was squamous papilloma. There was no indication of malignancy, and the patient discontinued Kampo treatment. He has had no recurrence in the past 3 years. KBGY is a combination of Keishibukuryogan and yokuinin (adlay seeds). Keishibukuryogan may be beneficial for skin or oral mucosal remodeling, and yokuinin may have antiviral properties. The present case report suggests the use of KBGY as an appropriate complementary therapy for squamous papilloma.

Estimativa do coeficiente de transferência de massa de oxigênio com o uso da técnica das sondas solúveis flutuantes: um estudo de laboratório / Estimating the mass transfer coefficient using the floating soluble probes technique: a laboratory study

RESUMO A sonda solúvel flutuante (SSF) é considerada uma técnica de baixo custo para a estimativa do coeficiente de transferência de massa de oxigênio na interface ar-água (KL). Essa técnica se baseia no fato que KL pode ser correlacionado com a velocidade de dissolução do sólido solúvel (VS), uma vez que ambos os parâmetros são influenciados pela turbulência na superfície do escoamento. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em calibrar uma nova configuração da SSF. Experimentos de reaeração superficial e dissolução da sonda solúvel foram realizados em dois aparatos experimentais (tanque agitado por jatos e um canal hidráulico circular), de modo que diferentes níveis de turbulência foram produzidos. Os resultados mostraram forte correlação entre KL e VS; r = 0,953 para experimentos realizados no tanque e r = 0,895 para experimentos realizados no canal. A nova configuração da SSF forneceu razão KL.VS -1 crescente em função do número de Reynolds, indicando que a relação entre os dois parâmetros é dependente da turbulência. Conclui-se que a técnica SSF possui elevado potencial. Entretanto, para que se possa atribuir utilidade definitiva, verificações em cursos d'água naturais e em equipamentos com estrutura de turbulência diferentes das utilizadas neste estudo ainda são necessárias.

ABSTRACT The floating solid soluble probe is a low-cost technique for estimating the mass transfer coefficient of oxygen in the air-water interface (Ka). This technique is based on the fact that Ka can be correlated with the dissolution rate of a soluble solid (VS), since both parameters are influenced by the surface turbulence. The aim of this study was to calibrate a new floating solid soluble probe configuration. Surface reaeration experiments and dissolution of the soluble solid probe were performed in two experimental apparatus (jets stirred tank and a circular hydraulic channel), in which different levels of turbulence were produced. The results showed a strong correlation between Ka and VS, r = 0.953 for experiments performed on the tank and r = 0.895 for experiments performed on the channel. The new floating solid soluble probe configuration provided an increasing Ka.VS -1 ratio as a function of the Reynolds number, indicating that the relationship between these two parameters depends on the surface turbulence. We conclude that the floating solid soluble probe technique has a high potential, despite calibrations in natural water bodies and equipment with a turbulence structure different from those used in this study are still necessary to definitive utility.

Spectrum of X-linked intellectual disabilities and psychiatric symptoms in a family harbouring a Xp22.12 microduplication encompassing the RPS6KA3 gene

Microduplications of the X chromosome are a rare cause of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), a clinically and genetically heterogeneous spectrum of disorders. In the present study, a 950-kb Xp22.12 microduplication including the RPS6KA3 gene was detected in affected members of a family, including the proband (male), his mother and one maternal uncle. Four female carriers had major depression and one of them also had mild intellectual disability. The present and previous cases with overlapping microduplications suggest that Xp22.12 microduplications can be included in the neuropsychiatric copy number variations.

Intestinal absorptive characteristics of ingredients from ethanol extracts of Gandou decoction by rat everted intestinal sac models / 中国中药杂志

To study the intestinal absorptive characteristics of the ethanol extracts from Gandou decoction(GDD), everted intestinal sac models were used. The six representative ingredients (berberine hydrochloride, quercetin, kaempferide, rhein, chrysophanol, and aloe emodin) of GDD, were selected as the experimental targets to investigate the absorptive characteristics of various ingredients in different intestinal sections. The results showed that all six ingredients from GDD were detected in the intestinal sac, three active ingredients (berberine hydrochloride, quercetin, kaempferide) in high, medium and low doses had linear absorption properties in the small intestine segment, consistent with zero-order absorption rate; in addition, the absorption rate constant (Ka) of three components in jejunum and ileum were increased with the increase of the concentration of GDD (P<0.05), consistent with passive absorption. However, the Ka of rhein in jejunum and ileum showed little difference with the increase of dosage, suggesting a possibility of active transport mechanism. Chrysophanol and aloe-emodin were poorly absorbed in the two segments, which had not been detected in the previous time. The results suggested that the components of GDD were selectively absorbed in the intestinal sac, and the absorption characteristic of the ingredients were not exactly similar.

Fish population responses to hydrological variation in a seasonal wetland in southeast México

Hydrological variation differently affects fish species. In the present study, the response of local populations of 13 fish local species to hydrological variation in a tropical wetland was evaluated. The objectives were to analyze the abundance response of fish species with distinct life history strategies and to assess the role of hydrological variation on fish population patterns. We found that opportunistic strategists were favored by high hydrological variation in drought periods, the equilibrium strategists were related to stable habitats, and periodic strategists were regulated by floods and temperature. However, the life history strategies identified for some species in this study do not correspond to the classification reported in other studies. Our results highlight the importance to study the abundance responses of species at local and regional scales to identify variations in life-history strategies, which can reflect local adaptations of species to hydrological changes, this is useful in order to understand and predict the responses of fish populations to the local environment.(AU)

La variación hidrológica afecta de manera diferencial a las especies de peces. En el presente estudio, se evaluó la respuesta de las poblaciones locales de 13 especies de peces considerando la variación hídrica en un humedal tropical. Los objetivos fueron analizar la respuesta de las abundancias de las especies de peces con diferentes estrategias de historia de vida e identificar la importancia de la variación hídrica en los patrones de las poblaciones de peces. Se encontró que los estrategas oportunistas fueron favorecidos por la alta variación hídrica en los periodos de sequía, los estrategas de equilibrio se relacionaron con hábitats estables, y que los estrategas periódicos son regulados por las inundaciones y la temperatura. Sin embargo, para algunas especies las estrategias de historias de vida identificadas en este estudio no corresponden a la clasificación reportada en otros estudios. Nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia de estudiar las respuestas de la abundancia de las especies a escalas locales y regionales para identificar las variaciones en las estrategias de historia de vida, las cuales pueden reflejar adaptaciones locales de las especies a cambios hídricos, esto es útil para entender y predecir las repuestas de las poblaciones de peces a los ambientes locales.(AU)

Medical Humanities Education and it′Implications in Li Ka Shing Medical School of Hong Kong University / 中国医学伦理学

Using Li Ka Shing Medical School of Hong Kong University as an example, this paper introduced the medical humanities education in Li Ka Shing Medical School of Hong Kong University from four aspects of the medical humanities curriculum implementation in detail. Secondly, it expounded the relationship between students and art through two typical cases. Finally, this paper pointed out the enlightenment for medical humanities educa-tion in Medical Schools. For curriculum, the core curriculum of medical humanities must be determined. For teachers, exchanges and cooperation with foreign mature medical humanities education should be carried out active-ly. For teaching methods, the novelty and diversity must be emphasized.

Signatures of positive selection at hemopexin (PEX) domain of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene.

Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) is an important cancer-associated, zinc-dependent endopeptidase. To investigate the natural selection hypothesis of MMP-9, the orthologous sequences from 12 vertebrates were compared and a molecular evolution analysis was performed. Results suggest that amino acid residues present in the middle region of the protein are more selectively constrained, whereas amino acid residues in the C-terminal region of the MMP-9 protein including exon 13 showed lowest conservation level in non-primate species, suggesting that it is an exon with fast evolving rate compared to the others analyzed. InterProScan analysis shows that exon 13 was located in hemopexin (PEX) domain of MMP-9. Positive selection was detected in PEX domain of MMP-9 protein between human and other species, which indicates that selective pressure may play a role in shaping the function of MMP-9 in the course of evolution.

Signatures of positive selection in LY96 gene in vertebrates.

As a secreted glycoprotein that binds to the extracellular domain of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Lymphocyte Antigen 96 (LY96), also called myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2), is required for the activation of TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and plays an important role in innate immunity, which is the first line of defence against microbial infections. Previous studies have proposed that mammalian toll-like receptors (TLRs) have evolved under diversifying selection due to their role in pathogen detection. Given the fact that LY96 is highly functionally linked to TLR4, it would be interesting to test whether LY96 is under the intense pressure of natural selection. To investigate the natural selection hypothesis, we compared the coding sequences from 13 vertebrates and evaluated the molecular evolution of LY96 gene in these species. Result shows that natural selection at exon 4 has indeed played a role in shaping the function of LY96 in the course of evolution. In addition to the study of Nakajima, we found the two branch nodes with Ka/Ks ratios greater than 1: the one leading to cow and pig and the other to rabbit and the primates.

Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Neuronal Cell Death in the Mouse Hippocampus

Glycyrrhizin (GL), a triterpene that is present in the roots and rhizomes of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. Recently, we demonstrated that GL produced the neuroprotective effects with the suppression of microglia activation and proinflammatory cytokine induction in the postischemic brain with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats and improved motor impairment and neurological deficits. In the present study, we investigated whether GL has a beneficial effect in kainic acid (KA)-induced neuronal death model. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 0.94 nmole (0.2 microg) of KA produced typical neuronal death in both CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. In contrast, administration of GL (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before KA administration significantly suppressed the neuronal death, and this protective effect was more stronger at 50 mg/kg. Moreover, the GL-mediated neuroprotection was accompanied with the suppression of gliosis and induction of proinflammatory markers (COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-alpha). The anti-inflammatory and anti-excitotoxic effects of GL were verified in LPS-treated primary microglial cultures and in NMDA- or KA-treated primary cortical cultures. Together these results suggest that GL confers the neuroprotection through the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and anti-excitotoxic effects in KA-treated brain.

Tracking the spread of avian influenza in China: a model based on evolutionary genetics analysis and geographic visualization / 中华急诊医学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the diverse natural and human factors affect the outbreak and spread of avian influenza. We integrated geographic visualization and evolutionary genetics technique to establish a method to track spread of avian influenza in China.MethodsThe sequence data of type A avian flu virus were provided by NCBI Nucleotide and Protein Databases.We transformed the original data to readable structures for Matlab using E-Utilities software.These MATLAB readable structures represented 8 genes of the virus,they are:RNA polymerase B2 (PB2),polymerase B1 (PB1),polymerase A (PA),hemagglutinin (HA),nucleoprotein (NP),ne(ur)al aminidase (NA),matrix (M1),and non-structural ( NS1 ) proteins.Based on these readable structures,we compared Ka/Ks ratio of different virus strains and identified the gene mutation patterns under different selection pressures.Then we selected the gene that exhibited the highest Ka/Ks ratio and performed a phylogenetic analysis by Jukes-Cantor algorithm.Google Earth layer tools were then used to integrate gene variation and geographic transmission information. Results When we compared these 8 virus genes,the NS1,HA and NA were found to exhibit high Ka/Ks ratio and could be seen to represent the transmission capacity of the virus.Among these,the HA gene has the highest Ka/Ks ratio.When we compare the amino acids encoded by the HA gene using clustering analysis,we found that the relationship between H5N1 avian influenza strains since 2003 in Asia made up an evolutionary tree.This evolutionary tree contained 30 nodes ( 14 branch nodes and 16 leaf nodes).All genes were classified into 4 major groups by the first 3 nodes. And these 4 groups exhibit clear geographic patterns in their spread.The impact of geographic factors on the outbreak of avian influenza in China can be ranked as:inland water bodies ( lakes,reservoirs)＞ major railway paths ＞ density of poultry. ConclusionsThe analysis on the dominant strains' gene mutations in China' s H5N1 found that the outbreaks of avian influenza correlate with avian migration and poultry transportation.

El sorprendente legado que nos dejó el sabio Moisés Bertoni: el Ka’a He’ê / The amazing legacy left by the wise man Moises Bertoni: the Ka'a He'e

El esfuerzo del científico Moisés Santiago Bertoni por sistematizar parte de la riqueza que tiene el Paraguay, se refleja en la Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, (Ka'a He'ê), una planta que hace parte de la identidad como nación, pero que al mismo tiempo, luego de un siglo, sigue siendo promisoria como elemento fundamental para la implementación de un modelo de desarrollo sostenible en áreas rurales.

The effort of the scientific Moisés Santiago Bertoni to systematize part of the richness of Paraguay is reflected in the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, (Ka'a He'ê). This plant makes part of the identity of the nation but at the same time, after a century, is still promising as an essential element for the implementation of a sustainable development model in rural areas.

Aproximación in silico a la evolución de la familia de genes que conforman el receptor ionotrópico de glutamato en cuatro especies de primates / In silico approach to the evolution of ionotropic glutamate receptor gene family in four primate species / Aproximação In silico á evolução da família de genes que compõem o receptor ionotrópico de Glutamato em quatro espécies de primatas

El hombre como especie posee un cerebro único en capacidades de análisis por su estructura y patrones de organización que presumiblemente son la base de la inteligencia y la habilidad de manipular el entorno. Adicionalmente, el desarrollo y la evolución del cerebro responden los procesos genéticos subyacentes. Objetivo. Presentar una aproximación al proceso evolutivo de los iGluR con el método filogenético de máxima verosimilitud (ML) y bayesiano (By). Materiales y métodos. Para lo cual se emplean métodos in silico que permiten plantear un modelo de evolución molecular y el reconocimiento cualitativo de los bloques de sintenia, para estos genes en las especies de primates (chimpancé, orangután, mono rhesus y hombre). Resultados. El Glutamato es el principal neurotransmisor y juega un papel importante en la plasticidad neuronal y la neurotoxicidad. La neurotransmisión vía glutamato es mediada por los receptores ionotrópicos de Glutamato (iGluR) tipo NMDA y no-NMDA (AMPA y KA). Se tiene que por cada inferencia filogenética obtenida, se confirma que los iGluR de los mamíferos podrían haber evolucionado a partir de un mecanismo más primitivo de señalización, por lo cual se presentan agrupaciones similares entre algunas especies de primates con roedores. Conclusión: Las secuencias de NR-2 han permanecido en una selección purificadora, y que la escala de divergencia neutral es más rápida en los primates que en los roedores; sin embargo es necesario aplicar otros estudios para confirman estas teorías de evolución.

Man as a species has a brain unique in analysis capabilities due to its structure and organizational patterns that are presumably the basis of intelligence and the ability to manipulate the environment. Additionally, the development and evolution of the brain respond underlying genetic processes. Objective. To present an approach to the evolutionary process of the iGluR with the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (By) phylogenetic analysis methods. Materials and methods. we used in silico methods to propose a model of molecular evolution and to do a qualitative recognition of synteny blocks for these genes in different species of primates (chimpanzee, orangutan, rhesus monkey and man). Results. Glutamate is the main neurotransmitter and plays an important role in neuronal plasticity and neurotoxicity. Neurotransmission via glutamate is mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR) NMDA type and non-NMDA type (AMPA and KA). For every phylogenetic inference, we confirmed that the iGluRs of mammals could have evolved from a primitive signaling mechanism, thus explaining similar clusters between some species of primates and rodents. Conclusion. The NR-2 sequences have been exposed to a purifying selection, and the neutral level of divergence is faster in primates than in rodents, however further studies are needed to confirm these theories of evolution.

O homem como espécie tem um cérebro único em capacidades de análise por sua estrutura e padrões de organização que, presumivelmente, são a base da inteligência e da capacidade de manipular o meio ambiente. Além ao desenvolvimento e a evolução do cérebro, respondem os processos genéticos subjacentes. Objetivo. Apresentar uma aproximação ao processo evolutivo dos iGluR com o método filogenético de máxima verossimilhança (ML) e bayesiano (By.) Materiais e métodos. Foram empregados métodos in silico que permitem apresentar um modelo de evolução molecular e o reconhecimento qualitativo dos blocos de sintenia, para estes genes das espécies de primatas (chimpanzé, orangotango, o macaco rhesus e o homem). Resultados. O Glutamato é o principal neurotransmissor e desempenha um importante papel na plasticidade neuronal e na neurotoxicidade. A neurotransmissão via Glutamato é mediada pelos receptores ionotrópicos de Glutamato (iGluR) do tipo NMDA e no-NMDA (AMPA e KA). Foi observado que por cada inferência filogenética obtida, confirmase que os iGluR dos mamíferos poderiam ter evoluído a partir de um mecanismo mais primitivo de sinalização, pelo qual se apresentam agrupações semelhantes entre algumas espécies de primatas com roedores. Conclusão. As seqüências de NR-2 têm permanecido numa seleção purificadora, e que a escala de divergência neutral é mais rápida em primatas do que em roedores; embora, é necessario realizar outras pesquisas para confirmar estas teorias da evolução.

Expression of KA1 kainate receptor subunit in the substantia gelatinosa of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in mice

The KA1 kainate receptor (KAR) subunit in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) has been implicated in the processing of nociceptive information from the orofacial region. This study compared the expression of the KA1 KAR subunit in the SG of the Vc in juvenile, prepubescent and adult mice. RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to examine the expression level in SG area. The expression levels of the KA1 KAR subunit mRNA and protein were higher in juvenile mice than in prepubescent or adult mice. Quantitative data revealed that the KA1 KAR subunit mRNA and protein were expressed at levels approximately two and three times higher, respectively, in juvenile mice than in adult mice. A similar expression pattern of the KA1 KAR subunit was observed in an immunohistochemical study that showed higher expression in the juvenile (59%) than those of adult (35%) mice. These results show that the KA1 KAR subunits are expressed in the SG of the Vc in mice and that the expression level of the KA1 KAR subunit decreases gradually with postnatal development. These findings suggest that age-dependent KA1 KAR subunit expression can be a potential mechanism of age-dependent pain perception.

Knowledge About Sandflies in Relation to Public and Domestic Control Activities of Kala-azar in Rural Endemic Areas of Bihar.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) control is a global cause of concern. To identify the gaps in People's knowledge/ awareness about sand flies and control activities of kala-azar in rural endemic areas of Bihar, this study consisting of 450 respondents with 288 male and 162 female was carried out. The result showed that 95% respondents had heard about the disease up to some extent, but majority respondents were neither aware about the vector of kala-azar, nor they had any idea about transmission of the disease. About 61% had wrong impression that mosquitoes were causing kala-azar. Regarding knowledge about breeding and resting sites of vectors, 20% reported cattle shed, 16% crevices in the household followed by 15% damp dark places. The attitude of respondents towards vector control programme was poor, as 99% lost faith in the DDT spraying because of ineffectiveness, like no reduction in mosquito nuisance. Bed net was considered the best protection method against sand fly or mosquito nuisance but the cost was considered the major constraint in its use. Proper health education programme in Simple and local language along with visual demonstration should be promoted to enhance the awareness and co-operation at community level.

Two Cases of Fibromyalgia Syndrome Succesfully Treated with Kampo Medicine / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We demonstrated two patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), successfully treated with Kampo medicine, and considered the resemblance between the clinical manifestation of FMS and SHO for Kanzo-bushi-to.The first case was a 52-year-old women who consulted a local hospital in 2001 due to althralgia and myalgia in the left hand, bilateral elbows, shoulders and foot. Her condition was diagnosed as FMS without abnormal findings in the thorough medical examination. Treatment with NSAIDs was not effective, so she consulted our department in 2004. She was treated with Keishi-ni-eppi-itto-ka-ryojutsu-ka-boi-ogi-kakkon. After two mouths, her symptoms had reduced to 50% by visual analog scale (VAS). By March 2006, her symptoms had significantly decreased to 20% by VAS and NSAIDs became unnecessary.The second case was a 58-year-old woman who had suffered from tolerable pain in her right elbow for 10 years. In 2004, she visited the Department of Orthology at her local hospital due to pain in the neck, bilateral arms and shoulders. There were no findings on cervical X-ray or neurological examination, and NSAIDs were administered. Her symptoms did not resolve, therefore, she consulted our department in 2005. She was diagnosed with FMS, based on fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for FMS of ACR (American college of rheumatology) in 1990. She was treated with Kanzo-bushi-to. After 3 months, her symptoms had reduced to 30% by VAS. By Mar. 2006, her pain had redused to 25% by VAS and she was physically fit enough for a daily life.

Blood Loss of Image-free Navigation Assisted Minimal Invasive total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: To assess blood loss and transfusion between Navigation assisted minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed with immediate release of drain and 1-hour - delayed release of drain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective randomised study to evaluate the blood loss in 100 knees having a Navigation-assisted minimally invasive TKA by dividing into two groups, one having a immediate release of drain (group A) and the other having a 1 hour-delayed release of drain(group B). All patients had a unilateral primary TKA using cemented type. RESULTS: The mean drainage of blood was 464.9 ml in a immediate release of drain group and 409.1ml in 1 hour-delayed release of drain group. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.117). The pre- and postoperative hemoglobin were mean 13.36g/dl and 10.77 g/dl in group A, mean 12.8 g/dl and 10.37 g/dl in group B. All patients were not transfused in intra- and post operation. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in total blood loss of drain and pre- and postoperative hemoglobin between the two groups by the Navigation-assisted minimally invasive TKA. All patients were not transfused in intra- and post operation.

A Study on Eating Disorders and It's Related Factors in High School Girls / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of eating disorders and the dietary, and psychological factors that influence eating disorders in high school girls. Data was collected from 4 vocational and 4 general girls' high schools in Incheon. Among the total of 595 questionnaires collected, 581 were analyzed. For data analyses, frequency, percentage, average, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's Post-Hoc and regression were conducted using SPSS WIN ver 10.0 program. As a result, 25 out of 581 students (4.3%) are judged to have eating disorders. The mean BMI of the subjects is 20.2, but the BMI students think of as ideal is 17.6. Since the frequencies of diet trial, taking diet pills, and skipping dinner are higher, the average score of Eating Attitudes Test for Korean Adolescents (EAT-26KA) is higher, they are more likely to have eating disorders. The lower the degree of body satisfaction and self esteem are, the higher the average score of EAT-26KA is. It tells that the possibility of developing eating disorders is closely related to BMI and psychological factors specially body satisfaction.

A Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Malaise after Taking Methotrexate Treated with Toki-shakuyaku-san-ka-bushi / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We treated one rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient with Toki-shakuyaku-san-ka-bushi. A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed as RA in another hospital and was treated with salazosulfapyridine (SASP) and methotrexate (MTX). She was living a restricted daily life while taking MTX. She had to lie down for almost 48 hours after taking MTX once a week because of general fatigue. She was also suffering from depression. After the administration of Toki-shakuyaku-san-ka-bushi, her malaise after taking MTX and her depressive-mood disappeared. Her quality of life improved measurably.

Effects of Several Kampo Medicines on Postoperative Ileus Model / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The effects of four Kampo medicines, Ninjin-to, Hange-shashin-to, Rikkunshi-to and Sho-hange-ka-bukuryo-to, were investigated in a rat model of postoperative ileus. The postoperative ileus model was made by incising the abdomen and exposing the small intestine and caecum for five minutes under ether anesthesia. The gastrointestinal transit was estimated by the migration of a charcoal marker. In contrast to the animals anesthetized only, the gastrointestinal transit was markedly decreased in control animals. First, we studied the gastrointestinal prokinetic drugs (cisapride, mosapride and metoclopramide), the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, and the Kampo medicine Dai-kenchu-to in this model. They significantly increased the transit as compared with the control. Using the same method, Rikkunshi-to and Sho-hange-ka-bukuryo-to were demon-strated to be almost inactive. However, Ninjin-to and Hange-shashin-to not only significantly improved the gastrointestinal mobility compared to the control, but also showed stronger effects than those of Dai-kenchu-to. These results suggest that in addition to Dai-kenchu-to, Ninjin-to and Hange-shashin-to are also effective Kampo medicines for postoperative ileus.