An evaluation of the accuracy of toric intraocular lens power calculation based on measured total corneal refractive power

Purpose: To evaluate a method using measured values of total corneal refractive power (TCRP) for a manufacturer’s online calculator by comparing it with the Barrett toric calculator (BTC) and Kane toric calculator (KTC) combined with simulated keratometry values (SimK). Methods: This was a retrospective case series. Patient records were reviewed to identify the patients who had biometry with the IOL Master 700 and Pentacam recorded before toric IOL implantation and refractive follow?up data after implantation. The predicted error in residual astigmatism was calculated by vector analysis according to the calculation methods and the measurements used. Results: A total of 70 eyes of 56 patients were included. The mean absolute astigmatism prediction errors were 0.6 ± 0.32, 0.59 ± 0.35, and 0.61 ± 0.35 D for the ATCTCRP, BTCSimK, and KTCSimK calculators, respectively (P = 0.934), and the centroid of the prediction errors were 0.3 D @ 178°, 0.11 D @ 102°, and 0.09 D @ 147°, respectively (P = 0.23). In the with?the?rule subgroup, the centroid of the prediction error was 0.34 D @ 176° for ATCTCRP and was the highest among the three calculation methods (P = 0.046). Conclusion: The ATCTCRP, BTCSimK, and KTCSimK calculators had similar performance with regards to their astigmatism prediction accuracy. The ATCTCRP calculator combined with 4.0?mm apex/ ring readings of TCRP was slightly intended to result in against?the?rule residual astigmatism.

Comparison of newer Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical and Barrett Universal II for calculation of intraocular lens power in Indian eyes

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T) and Barrett Universal II in predicting intraocular lens (IOL) power in Indian eyes. Methods: This retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care eye hospital. Data from patients having uneventful cataract surgery with Tecnis ZCB00 IOL implantation were obtained from Lenstar and electronic medical records. Eyes were divided into subgroups based on axial length (AL) as short (<22.0 mm), medium (22� mm), and long (>24 mm). The predicted refractive outcome for each patient was calculated after optimizing the lens constant. Prediction error was calculated by subtracting the predicted spherical equivalent from achieved spherical equivalent 1 week post?surgery. The mean absolute error (MAE) and median absolute error (MedAE) and percentage of eyes within 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 D were calculated for each formula. Friedman test, Cochrane Q test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the 350 eyes included in the study, we found that without lens constant optimization, Barrett formula performed better than SRK/T and Kane (P < 0.0001). Over the entire range of axial lengths, Kane formula performed slightly inferior compared to Barrett and SRK?T, both of which performed equally well (P = 0.006). On subgroup analysis, Kane formula performed inferiorly for medium eyes as compared to the other two. No significant differences were noted between the formulae for short and long eyes. Conclusion: Kane formula did not outperform Barrett Universal II and SRK/T in Indian eyes

Melancolia como herança no filme Cidadão Kane / Melancholy as inheritance in the movie Citzen Kane

O texto propõe um estudo, com base na teoria Psicanalítica, sobre o filme Cidadão Kane, de Orson Welles, abordando alguns aspectos em relação à melancolia. Trata-se de considerar algumas partes do contexto fílmico (roteiro, música, montagem), assim como a biografia do autor e contexto social, como dispositivos que dão um certo relevo à idéia da impossibilidade de se fazer um luto pela perda de um objeto amado. Para além da sintomatologia clássica referida à melancolia, a ênfase é dada no processo da perda descrito por Freud em seu texto Luto e Melancolia de (1917 [1915]). O filme nos faz refletir sobre o quanto o que se herda pode estar paradoxalmente referido a uma perda. O personagem Kane, na sua infância, herda uma fortuna ao mesmo tempo em que perde o convívio com os pais; assim, o que ele não leva de sua casa (o trenó Rosebud) é o que o acompanha pelo resto da vida, enquanto significante, vinculado ao abandono. A montagem, um dos aspectos da análise fílmica, é mais detalhadamente analisada por ser considerada pelo próprio Welles como o elemento principal da obra de arte cinematográfica. Outra proposição que se apresenta, neste artigo, é a idéia de que também a montagem, neste filme, pode ser pensada como produtora de um efeito melancólico.

The text proposes a study, based on Psychoanalytical theory, about the film Citizen Kane, by Orson Welles, touching upon some aspects related to melancholy. It is about regarding some parts of the movie context (script, soundtrack, editing), as well as the author's biography and the social context as social devices that award importance to the idea of the impossibility of mourning over a beloved object. Beyond the classic symptoms attributed to melancholy, the emphasis here lies on the process of loss described by Freud in 'Mourning and Melancholy' (1917 [1915]). The film makes us reflect on how much what is inherited can be paradoxically referred to a certain loss. Kane the character, in his childhood, inherits a fortune at the same time that he loses the possibility of living with his parents; thus, what he doesn't take from home (the sledge Rosebud) is what accompanies him for the rest of his life, as a significant, linked to the abandonment. The editing, one of the aspects of the movie analysis, is analyzed in more detail because it was considered, by Welles himself, as the main element of a movie masterpiece. Another proposition presented in this article is the idea that the editing, in this film, can also be thought as producing a melancholic effect.

Atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr.) Bur. & K. Shum (Bignoneaceae) sobre Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) / Insecticide activity of the essencial oil Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr.) Bur. & K. Shum (Bignoneaceae) on Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

O óleo essencial extraído de folhas frescas de Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr.) Bur.& K. Shum por destilação de arraste a vapor foi avaliado quanto à toxicidade a Sitophilus zeamais Motsch., principal praga do milho armazenado. Papel de filtro e grãos de milho foram impregnados pelo óleo para se avaliar o efeito por via de contato (papel-filtro) e fumigação, respectivamente. Para avaliação do efeito da aplicação tópica 0,5 µl das diferentes concentrações do óleo foram aplicadas em adultos do inseto. A partir de uma ampla faixa de concentrações, foram determinadas as mais promissoras para os bioensaios definitivos. Na determinação das dose/concentrações-letais (DL50 e CL50) foi utilizada a análise de Probit, realizando-se também, uma análise de regressão linear conjunta de todos os dados de mortalidade. O óleo de T. nocturnum foi considerado tóxico para S. zeamais baseado nos seguintes valores: CL50 de 14,1 ng.cm-2 e CL50 de 1.321,6 ng.g-1 de grãos para os efeitos de contacto (papel-filtro) e fumigação, respectivamente, e DL50 de 14,7 µg.mg-1 de inseto para efeito tópico. Porcentagens de mortalidade próximas a 100 por cento foram obtidas nas concentrações de: 2 e 5 por cento (m/v) (contato), 3 4, e 5 por cento (m/v) (fumigação) e 10 por cento (m/v) para o efeito de aplicação tópica. O presente estudo mostrou que o ácido cianídrico, liberado do óleo essencial de T. nocturnum por hidrólise, pode ter atividade inseticida para S. zeamais e que concentrações acima de 4 por cento (m/v) são promissoras no controle do inseto.

Insecticidal activities of Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr.) Bur. & K. Shum (Bignoneaceae) essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The essential oil extracted from fresh leaves of the Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr.) Bur.& K. Shum by steam distillation, was tested against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.. Filter paper and maize grains impregnation was employed, for contact and fumigant toxicity effect studies, respectively. For topical effect studies, aliquots of 0,5 µl of the diluted oil applied to adults insects. We used a broad range of concentrations to be used for establish the most promising concentrations. Probit analysis was employed in analyzing the dose/ concentration-mortality response (LD50 and LC50). Linear regression analysis was applied in mortality of maize weevil adults. The toxicity (LC50) T. nocturnum oil to S. zeamais was of 14.1 ng.cm-2 and LC50 of 1,321.6 ng.g-1 of the grains for contact and fumigant effects, respectively, and LD50 of 14.7 µg.mg-1 of the insect for topical application. For contact and fumigant effects, the mortality rate was nearly 100 percent at oil concentrations of 2 percent and 5 percent (m/v), and 4 percent and 5 percent (m/v), respectively. For contact, fumigant, and topical effects, the mortality rate was nearly 100 percent at oil concentrations of 2 percent and 5 percent (m/v); 4 percent and 5 percent (m/v) and 10 percent (m/v) respectively. The current study shows that cyanidric acid, liberated from the essential oil of the T. nocturnum, posses fumigant insecticidal effect on S. zeamais in concentrations more than 4 percent (m/v) were promises.

Two Methods of Identification for Trichophyton rubrum / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To compare modified Kane/Fischer system and PCR method in identification for Trichophyton rubrum.METHODS Using modified Kane/Fischer system and TR1F and TR1R primers to identify 32 strains of dermatophytes.RESULTS The modified Kane/Fischer system and PCR could rapidly and stably(identify) T.rubrum.CONCLUSIONS The two methods can be used as the standard system to identify T.rubrum.