RESUMO
Background: HIV and its complication AIDS was a source of serious public health concern that greeted the end of the 20th century. Being a multi-systemic disease, it was also associated with different forms of ocular morbidities of interest. Purpose: To determine the prevalence, patterns and determinants of HIV related eye diseases in patients attending anti-retroviral clinics in Katsina state, Nigeria.Methods: Two hundred and twenty subjects met the inclusion criteria over a six month period. A questionnaire was administered for socio-demographic data, patients’ history, record review and a detailed ophthalmic examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Parametric and non-parametric assessments were used to assess the relationship of various factors with manifestation of HIV associated eye diseases.Results: Out of 220 respondents, 164 were females. The Male: Female was 1:2.9. The mean age was 28.5 years ± 14.83 SD. About 65.5% of respondents had eye diseases while 46.4% had HIV associated eye diseases. Prevalence of HIV associated eye diseases was found to be 46.4%. The most common types of eye diseases found were Kerato-conjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) 25.5%, conjunctivitis 5.5%, herpes zoster ophthalmicus 3.2%, anterior uveitis 2.7% and molluscum contagiosum 2.3%. Factors found to affect the manifestation of these eye diseases were CD4 cell count, WHO Clinical Stage of the disease and the Presence of eye symptoms.Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of HIV associated eye disease. The Patient’s clinical/WHO stage, CD4 cell count and presence of ocular symptoms were shown to have significant association with the ocular manifestation.
RESUMO
Aim: The study is aimed at analyzing blood samples from 484 male school going adolescents; of which 263 were randomly selected from a public school in Katsina metropolis (urban setting) and 221 from a public school in Batsari (rural setting) for the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) and triacyl glycerol (TG) in order to ascertain a risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Study Design: A cross sectional study was conducted among male adolescents from urban and rural settings aged between 12-18 years attending public secondary schools in Katsina State- Nigeria to assess their nutritional status. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano-Nigeria. December 2008-April 2009. Methodology: We determined the body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile of male school going adolescents. An end point colorimetric method was used to estimate serum total cholesterol. Test kits obtainable from Randox Laboratories Limited were used to estimate serum HDL-cholesterol, serum LDL-cholesterol and triacyl glycerol. Results obtained are presented as mean±standard deviation. Statistical analyses were carried out using Instat statistical package. Results: The results indicate that the urban male adolescents have a significantly higher (p<0.05) mean BMI, mean serum TC, mean serum LDL-CH and mean serum TG values than the rural male adolescents. This difference cuts across all age groups. Mean BMI values recorded for both the rural and urban male adolescents correspond to mild thinness on the BMI reference scale. Conclusion: The nutritional and health status of the adolescent subjects in this study reflects a high percentage of underweight and a low risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).