RESUMO
Las transformaciones de las últimas décadas en el ámbito productivo y social del Capital han reformado los procesos y prácticas institucionales de producción de subjetividad. La presente ponencia expone algunos de los resultados de una investigación que procura describir y analizar de forma exploratoria los procesos en que la discursividad del Estado de Chile desplegada entre los años 1992 y 2011 surge como territorio referencial para los sujetos, específicamente en el ámbito de aquellos cuerpos denominados discapacitados. El estudio fue realizado entendiendo que dichos cambios se dan a partir de rupturas y continuidades que despliegan campos de inteligibilidad flexibles que gobiernan la vida de los sujetos. La noción de gubernamentalidad remite según Foucault al gobierno de la población a partir del ensamble de tecnologías de gobierno y racionalidades políticas en determinadas sociedades. En el marco de los estudios sobre la gubernamentalidad, en este artículo presentamos algunos lineamientos que hemos identificado para comprender las nuevas lógicas de conducción de conducta y su constitución como políticas de intervención que modifican en un mismo movimiento la subjetividad y materialidad de los cuerpos clasificados y señalados como diferentes.
The transformations of recent decades in the production and social spheres of Capital have reformed institutional processes and practices of production of subjectivity. This paper presents some of the results of an investigation that seeks to describe and analyze in an exploratory process that the discourse of the State of Chile deployed between 1992 and 2011 arises as a reference territory for the subjects, specifically in the field of those bodies called disabled. The study was carried out assuming these changes occur from ruptures and continuities that intelligibility flexible display fields that govern the lives of the subjects. The notion of governmentality Foucault refers to the government of the population from assembly technologies in government and political rationales certain societies. As part of studies on governmentality in this article are some guidelines that we have identified to understand the new logic driving behavior and its constitution as policy interventions that change in one motion subjectivity and materiality of classified bodies and marked as different.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoas com Deficiência , Governo , Política de Saúde , Política Pública , Discriminação Social , ChileRESUMO
La medicina es un ejemplo claro de cambio cualitativo en el estatuto del saber, por haber transitado histórica y epistemológicamente desde una condición original de mera destreza acopiada de modo empírico hasta la forma de un conocimiento auténticamente científico. Pero,según Gadamer, el viejo arte de curar, transformado ahora en ciencia médica, difiere esencialmente de la téchne griega y de su ancestral condición de curandería chamanística. Ello plantea un conjunto de interrogantes vinculadas a la necesidad de escrutar y definir el carácter esencial de la tarea médica tras su conversión en disciplina científica, con el propósito de delimitar el terreno en el que la medicina tendría que moverse para escapar a un destino más aciago como el que podría entenderse que la definió a partir del siglo XIX y tras su definición en tanto saber/poder, como lo planteara Foucault al señalar que la medicina constituye una técnica política de intervención sobre el cuerpo y sobre la vida, una expresión del biopoder y la biopolítica.
Medicine is a clear example of qualitative change in the status of knowledge, for its historical and epistemologically transit from an original condition of mere cleverness empirically gathered to form a truly scientific knowledge. But, according to Gadamer, the old art of healing, now transformed into medical science, is essentially different from the greek téchne and its ancestral condition shamanistic quackery. This raises a set of questions related to the need to scrutinize and define the essential nature of medical task after its conversion into a scientific discipline, in order to delimit the land on which the medicine would have to move to escape a fate more ominous as might be understood it was defined in the nineteenth century and after its definition as "knowledge/power," as Foucault raised the point that medicine is a "technical intervention policy" on the body and life , an expression of biopower and biopolitics.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bioética , Conhecimento , Relações Médico-Paciente , Poder PsicológicoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to reveal what influences the divergent methodological researches have brought the nursing practice in during the past 3 decades. The nursing record sheets ie, the nursing discourses were analyzed to know the knowledges that were recorded, accepted and communicated in nursing practice at pediatric intensive care units, and unclosed the philosophical and methodological position of that knowledges. The texts were 13 sheets, 3 kinds of nursing record(7 24hours flow charts, 4 nursing information record sheets and 2 transfer record sheets) used at 4 hospitals. The unit of analysis was 'word'. First, all words of the sheets were listed up, clustered into categories based on their contents. And then, the larger conceptual themes were drawn to elucidate the effect of the knowledge/power and the philosophical and methodological position of that knowledges. To enhanced the validity of the analysis, the data were analyzed by two researchers. The 'words' were classified into 3 categories; 'general information', 'assessment' and 'intervention'. The conceptual themes of the texts were 'the gaze for quantification and objectification' and 'technical/assimilated caring'. This themes reflected the logic positivistic and biomedical view that had dominated at clinical practice. Nursing has endeavored to resist the logic- positivistic knowledge/power and to established the nursing knowledge/power based on multiple philosophies and methodologies, especially phenomenological-interpretative. But the results of this study revealed that such efforts in nursing theory and research couldn't influenced the knowledge of practice. Logic positivism was yet so strong and the biomedical model yet dominated in the clinical practice. It identified that the borrowed theory and the knowledge from the received view gave nursing the power. But they were modalities that reinforced the dominant, medical power. Nursing has investigate the other positions (feminism, Habermas' critical social theory and Foucault's discourse theory). This positions suggest different assumptions but share the common concepts; equality, emancipation and freedom. The important point is how make these concepts the practical for nursing knowledge/ power in practice. We must recognize that the praxis at clinical setting take place at the field unlike theoretical praxis. The change of clinical practice is the social, economic and political change.