Applications of terahertz waves in medical diagnostics: a literature review

Terahertz (THz) waves, occupying a unique position bridging microwave and infrared wavelengths, exhibit promising potential across diverse domains, particularly in medicine. With attributes such as non-ionizing nature and notable resolution capabilities, THz waves offer avenues for non-invasive medical applications. In cancer diagnosis, THz spectroscopy emerges as a pivotal tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomarkers, enabling swift and accurate differentiation of substances based on molecular structure. Despite challenges such as limited penetration depth in tissue, THz imaging proves invaluable in discriminating cancerous tissues from normal ones during surgery. In this paper we have summarized recent research results on practical implementation of THz waves in medicine. Recent advancements in in vivo imaging showcase promising results, although challenges persist in human-based studies due to tissue complexity. Integration of advanced algorithms enhances the accuracy of cancerous tissue identification. Additionally, THz spectroscopy finds versatile applications in pharmaceuticals and life sciences, offering insights into molecular interactions critical for drug efficacy and understanding protein conformations. Further advancements in THz systems, including enhanced light sources and detectors, are crucial to propel biomedical research forward. Establishment of a comprehensive THz spectrum database will augment existing data, emphasizing the potential of THz waves to revolutionize medical diagnostics and treatment modalities.

Efficiency and comparability of using new evidence platforms for updating recommendations: experience with a type-2 diabetes guideline in Colombia / Eficiencia y comparabilidad del uso de nuevas plataformas de evidencia para la actualización de recomendaciones: experiencia con una guía de diabetes tipo 2 en Colombia

INTRODUCTION: Updating recommendations for guidelines requires a comprehensive and efficient literature search. Although new information platforms are available for developing groups, their relative contributions to this purpose remain uncertain. METHODS: As part of a review/update of eight selected evidence-based recommendationsfor type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the following five literature search approaches (targeting systematic reviews, using predetermined criteria): PubMed for MEDLINE, Epistemonikos database basic search, Epistemonikos database using a structured search strategy, Living overview of evidence (L.OVE) platform, and TRIP database. Three reviewers independently classified the retrieved references as definitely eligible, probably eligible, or not eligible. Those falling in the same "definitely" categories for all reviewers were labelled as "true" positives/negatives. The rest went to re-assessment and if found eligible/not eligible by consensus became "false" negatives/positives, respectively. We described the yield for each approach and computed "diagnostic accuracy" measures and agreement statistics. RESULTS: Altogether, the five approaches identified 318 to 505 references for the eight recommendations, from which reviewers considered 4.2 to 9.4% eligible after the two rounds. While Pubmed outperformed the other approaches (diagnostic odds ratio 12.5 versus 2.6 to 5.3), no single search approach returned eligible references for all recommendations. Individually, searches found up to 40% of all eligible references (n = 71), and no combination of any three approaches could find over 80% of them. Kappa statistics for retrieval between searches were very poor (9 out of 10 paired comparisons did not surpass the chance-expected agreement). CONCLUSION: Among the information platforms assessed, PubMed appeared to be more efficient in updating this set of recommendations. However, the very poor agreement among search approaches in the reference yield demands that developing groups add information from several (probably more than three) sources for this purpose. Further research is needed to replicate our findings and enhance our understanding of how to efficiently update recommendations.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La actualización de recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica requiere búsquedas bibliográficas exhaustivas y eficientes. Aunque están disponibles nuevas plataformas de información para grupos desarrolladores, su contribución a este propósito sigue siendo incierta. MÉTODOS: Como parte de una revisión/actualización de 8 recomendaciones basadas en evidencia seleccionadas sobre diabetes tipo 2, evaluamos las siguientes cinco aproximaciones de búsqueda bibliográfica (dirigidas a revisiones sistemáticas, utilizando criterios predeterminados): PubMed para MEDLINE; Epistemonikos utilizando una búsqueda básica; Epistemonikos utilizando una estrategia de búsqueda estructurada; plataforma (L.OVE) y TRIP . Tres revisores clasificaron de forma independiente las referencias recuperadas como definitivamente o probablemente elegibles/no elegibles. Aquellas clasificadas en las mismas categorías "definitivas" para todos los revisores, se etiquetaron como "verdaderas" positivas/negativas. El resto se sometieron a una nueva evaluación y, si se consideraban por consenso elegibles/no elegibles, se convirtieron en "falsos" negativos/positivos, respectivamente. Describimos el rendimiento de cada aproximación, junto a sus medidas de "precisión diagnóstica" y las estadísticas de acuerdo. RESULTADOS: En conjunto, las cinco aproximaciones identificaron 318-505 referencias para las 8 recomendaciones, de las cuales los revisores consideraron elegibles el 4,2 a 9,4% tras las dos rondas. Mientras que Pubmed superó a las otras aproximaciones (odds ratio de diagnóstico 12,5 versus 2,6 a 53), ninguna aproximación de búsqueda identificó por sí misma referencias elegibles para todas las recomendaciones. Individualmente, las búsquedas identificaron hasta el 40% de todas las referencias elegibles (n=71), y ninguna combinación de cualquiera de los tres enfoques pudo identificar más del 80% de ellas. Las estadísticas Kappa para la recuperación entre búsquedas fueron muy pobres (9 de cada 10 comparaciones pareadas no superaron el acuerdo esperado por azar). CONCLUSIONES: Entre las plataformas de información evaluadas, Pubmed parece ser la más eficiente para actualizar este conjunto de recomendaciones. Sin embargo, la escasa concordancia en el rendimiento de las referencias exige que los grupos desarrolladores incorporen información de varias fuentes (probablemente más de tres) para este fin. Es necesario seguir investigando para replicar nuestros hallazgos y mejorar nuestra comprensión de cómo actualizar recomendaciones de forma eficiente.

Bullying y cyberbullying en el contexto peruano (2017-2021): una revisión sistemática / Bullying and Cyberbullying in the Peruvian context (2017-2021): A systematic review / Bullying e Cyberbullying no contexto peruano (2017-2021): Uma revisão sistemática

Resumen (analítico) El bullying es un problema social relevante debido a su impacto negativo en la salud y bienestar de los afectados; por ende, es crucial llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática en el Perú que abarque la investigación previa en esta área. Por ello, sus objetivos son identificar, evaluar y sintetizar todos los estudios relevantes sobre bullying realizados en el Perú entre el 2017 y 2021. Para su presentación se emplearon las directrices Prisma 2020, respaldándose en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Redalyc y PubMed. Luego de completar las búsquedas y aplicar los criterios, se seleccionaron 11 artículos. Los resultados se agruparon en tres factores: ambientales, personales y psicológicos, los cuales proporcionan una comprensión integral del bullying en el contexto peruano. Se discuten las posibles implicaciones para futuras investigaciones.

Abstract (analytical) Bullying is a relevant social issue due to its negative impact on the health and wellbeing of those affected. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a systematic review in Peru that encompasses previous research in this area. The objectives of this review are to identify, evaluate, and synthesize all relevant studies on bullying conducted in Peru between 2017 and 2021. For its presentation, the PRISMA 2020 guidelines were employed, drawing upon the databases WoS, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Redalyc, and PubMed. After completing the searches and applying the criteria, 11 articles were selected. The results were grouped into three factors: environmental, personal, and psychological, which provide a comprehensive understanding of bullying in the Peruvian context. Possible implications for future research are discussed.

Resumo (analítico) O bullying é um problema social relevante devido ao seu impacto negativo na saúde e no bem-estar dos afetados. Portanto, é crucial realizar uma revisão sistemática no Peru que abranja pesquisas anteriores nessa área. Assim, os objetivos são identificar, avaliar e sintetizar todos os estudos relevantes sobre bullying realizados no Peru entre 2017 e 2021. Para a sua apresentação, foram utilizadas as diretrizes PRISMA 2020, com suporte nas bases de dados WoS, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Redalyc e PubMed. Após a conclusão das buscas e aplicação dos critérios, foram selecionados 11 artigos. Os resultados foram agrupados em três fatores: ambientais, pessoais e psicológicos, os quais proporcionam uma compreensão abrangente do bullying no contexto peruano. São discutidas possíveis implicações para futuras pesquisas.

Dimensões política e pública da orfandade por feminicídio: uma revisão de literatura / Political and public dimensions of being orphaned through femicide: a literature review / Dimensiones política y pública de la orfandad por feminicidio: una revisión de literatura

Resumo (analítico) Uma das violências mais extremas contra as mulheres é o feminicídio, crime que afeta principalmente filhos e filhas sobreviventes. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que objetivou analisar como as dimensões política e pública da orfandade por feminicídio são apresentadas na produção acadêmica. Foram identificados vinte e dois artigos de diferentes países, publicados entre os anos de 1958 e 2022 e tratados a partir da análise temático-categorial. Os resultados apontaram que predomina um discurso a-crítico e a-histórico sobre o tema. Além da ausência de dados oficiais sobre a problemática, as políticas públicas são apresentadas como ineficientes ou inexistentes. Visando proteger e cuidar dessas crianças e adolescentes, a orfandade por feminicídio precisa ser reconhecida como um problema social relevante, objeto de ações sistemáticas e eficientes.

Abstract (analytical) One of the most extreme types of violence against women is femicide, a crime that also affects their surviving children. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive literature review that analyzed how the political and public dimensions of being orphaned due to femicide are presented in academic studies. A total of 22 articles from different countries were identified published between 1958 and 2022 and a Thematic-Categorical Analysis was applied. The results evidenced a clear a-critical and a-historical discourse on this subject. In addition to the absence of official data on this problem, public policies were identified as either inefficient or non-existent. In order to protect this population, the existence of children and adolescents who have been orphaned due to femicide need to be recognized as a social problem and targeted by systematic and efficient actions.

Resumen (analítico) Una de las formas más extremas de violencia contra la mujer es el feminicidio, crimen que afecta principalmente a los hijos e hijas sobrevivientes. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, que buscó analizar cómo las dimensiones política y pública de la orfandad por feminicidio son presentadas en la producción académica. Se identificaron veintidós artículos de diferentes países, publicados entre 1958 y 2022, los cuales fueron abordados desde el análisis temático-categorial. Los resultados mostraron que predomina un discurso acrítico y ahistórico sobre el tema. Además de la ausencia de datos oficiales sobre el problema, las políticas públicas se presentan como ineficientes o inexistentes. Para proteger a estos niños, niñas y adolescentes, es necesario reconocer la orfandad por feminicidio como un problema social, objeto de acciones sistemáticas y eficientes.

A presença dos grupos minoritários na universidade: uma revisão de literatura / Presence of minority groups at university: A literature review / La presencia de grupos minoritarios en la universidad: una revisión de la literatura

Resumo Vinculado ao projeto de pesquisa «Qual universidade salesiana para os jovens de hoje?: ouvindo a voz dos alunos¼, parceria entre instituições salesianas da América Latina, o artigo é fruto de um mapeamento de produções realizadas em bases de dados do Brasil, que busca a discussão, a escrita e os olhares que foram produzidos, no período de 2018 a 2021, em pesquisas acadêmicas cuja a temática está voltada aos grupos minoritários que estudam em instituições de ensino superior. O artigo evidencia que ao problematizar os grupos minoritários no ensino superior, as discussões, os debates e os enfrentamentos para a construção de um espaço de diálogo, autonomia e respeito são fatores sempre presentes, pois são elementos de um posicionamento político que busca a qualidade do acesso e da permanência.

Abstract (analytical) Linked to the research Project «What salesian university for today's youth?: Listening to the voices of its students¼, a partnership between Salesian institutions in Latin America, the article is the result of a mapping of productions carried out in databases in Brazil, which seeks the discussion, writing and views that were produced, from 2018 to 2021, in academic research whose theme is focused on minority groups studying in higher education institutions. The article shows that when problematizing minority groups in higher education, discussions, debates and confrontations for the construction of a space for dialogue, autonomy and respect are always present factors, as they are elements of a political position that seeks the quality of the access and permanence.

Resumen (analítico) Vinculado al proyecto de investigación «¿Qué universidad salesiana para los jóvenes de hoy?: escuchando las voces de sus estudiantes¼, una asociación entre instituciones salesianas de América Latina, el artículo es el resultado de un mapeo de producciones realizadas en bases de datos de Brasil, que busca la discusión, la escritura y las miradas que se han producido, en el período de 2018 a 2021, en investigaciones académicas cuyo tema está dirigido a los grupos minoritarios que estudian en instituciones de educación superior. El artículo evidencia que, al problematizar los grupos minoritarios en la educación superior, las discusiones, los debates y los enfrentamientos para la construcción de un espacio de diálogo, autonomía y respeto son factores siempre presentes, ya que son elementos de una posición política que busca la calidad del acceso y la permanencia.

Physical activity and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian university students: a scoping review / Atividade física e fatores associados durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em universitários brasileiros: revisão de escopo

This study aimed to map the national publications that address the variable physical activity and associated factors among Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a scop-ing review based on original studies developed and published in Brazil between 2020 and 2023. They were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic scenario and indexed in the databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), and Google Scholar. By identifying the different approaches and factors associated with the subject, the descriptive synthesis explored the subtopics "level of physical activity and sedentary behavior," "mental health," and "sleep". Out of the 1,180 initial papers, 11 papers composed the synthesis, featuring different sampling patterns, ranging from 68 to 5,720 students, and taking place in several Brazilian states. Despite the geographical variety, few studies were conducted in the North and Midwest regions. The prevalence of physical inactivity among students ranged from 40.0% to 49.3%, and social isolation and restrictions contributed to this trend. Mental health was also affected, with the symptoms of anxiety and depression being more common among the inactive. On the other hand, active students reported better mental health. The relationship between physical activity and sleep was unclear, but the pandemic intensified sleep problems in general. In short, future studies are necessary to explore causes, effects, and regional influences. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods may offer a more comprehensive perspective on the students' experiences regarding physical activity during public health crises

Neste estudo objetivou-se mapear as publicações nacionais que abordam a variável atividade física e fato-res associados entre estudantes universitários brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo a partir de estudos originais, desenvolvidos no Brasil, publicados entre 2020 e 2023, realizados no cenário clínico da pandemia de COVID-19 e indexados nas bases de dados: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e Google Scholar. Ao constatar-se diferentes abordagens e fatores associados a problemática, a síntese descritiva foi explorada em subtópicos "nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário" "saúde mental " e "sono". Dos 1.180 artigos iniciais, 11 artigos compuseram a síntese, abrangendo distintos padrões amostrais, variando de 68 a 5.720 estudantes, conduzidos em diferentes estados brasileiros. Apesar dessa variedade regional, observou-se uma escassez de estudos nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. A prevalência de inatividade física entre os estudantes variou de 40,0% a 49,3%. O isolamento social e as restrições contribuíram para essa ten-dência. A saúde mental também foi acometida, com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão mais comuns entre os inativos. Por outro lado, os estudantes ativos relataram melhor saúde mental. A relação entre atividade física e sono não foi clara, mas a pandemia intensificou os problemas de sono em geral. Em suma, futuras pesquisas são relevantes para explorar causas, efeitos e influências regionais. A combinação de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos podem oferecer perspectivas mais abrangentes das experiências dos estudantes em relação à atividade física durante crises de saúde pública.

Kidney collecting system anatomy applied to endourology - a narrative review

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the surgical anatomy of the kidney collecting system through a narrative review of the literature, highlighting its importance during diagnosis and its approach during surgical procedures for the treatment of renal stones. Material and Methods: We carried out a review about the anatomy of the kidney collecting system. We analyzed papers published in the past 40 years in the databases Pubmed, Embase and Scielo, and we included only papers in English and excluded case reports, editorials and opinions of specialists. Results: Renal collecting system could be divided in four groups: A1 - kidney midzone (KM), drained by minor calyx that are dependent on the superior or the inferior caliceal groups; A2 - KM drained by crossed calyx, one draining into the superior caliceal group and another draining into the inferior caliceal group; B1 - KM drained by a major caliceal group independent of both the superior and inferior groups; and B2 - KM drained by minor calyx entering directly into the renal pelvis. Some details and anatomic variations of the collecting system are related to clinical and radiological aspects, particularly perpendicular calyces, interpyelocalyx space, position of calyces in relation to renal border, classification of the renal collecting system, infundibular diameter and the angle between the lower infundibulum and renal pelvis. Conclusion: The knowledge of intra-renal collecting system divisions and variations as the angle between the renal pelvis and lower infundibula, position of the calices in relationship with renal edge and the diameter and position of the calyces are important for the planning of minimally invasive renal surgeries.

Technological development in telemedicine: bibliometric analysis, research gaps, and literature trends / Desenvolvimento tecnológico na telemedicina: análise bibliométrica, lacunas de pesquisa e tendências na literatura / Desarrollo tecnológico en telemedicina: análisis bibliométrico, lagunas en la investigación y tendencias en la literatura

The aim of this article was to analyze the literature on technological development in telemedicine through bibliometrics, by identifying the state of the art, research gaps, and trends in the literature. The analysis covers a total of 67 articles related to the field of study, published between 2010-2020 in the Springer Link, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The data was processed using the software StArt, Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics, and Iramuteq. The results presented bibliometric analysis of the articles, classified into the areas of Management (52.2%), IT (25.4%), and Medicine (22.4%), along with a Table of 34 suggestions for future research. Literature trends encompassed six study clusters (health, study, service, technology, patient, and telemedicine), which further subdivided into nine research themes (digital platform, telemedicine service management, telemedicine service operation, end-user perception, business opportunities, healthcare professional perception, covid-19, regulation, and robotics). An observed outcome was a significant increase in the number of publications in the area due to covid-19.

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a literatura acerca do desenvolvimento tecnológico na telemedicina, por meio da bibliometria, ao identificar o estado da arte, lacunas de pesquisa e tendências na literatura. Analisou-se 67 artigos relacionados ao campo de estudo, publicados entre 2010-2020 nas bases de dados Springer Link, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science e Scopus. O tratamento dos dados se deu por meio dos softwares StArt, Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics e Iramuteq. Os resultados apresentaram a análise bibliométrica dos artigos, classificados nas áreas de Gestão (52,2%), TI (25,4%) e Medicina (22,4%), e uma tabela com 34 sugestões para pesquisas futuras. As tendências da literatura envolveram seis classes de estudo (saúde, estudo, serviço, tecnologia, paciente e telemedicina), que se subdividiram em nove temas de pesquisa (plataforma digital, gestão do serviço de telemedicina, operação do serviço de telemedicina, percepção do usuário final, oportunidades de negócios, percepção de profissionais de saúde, covid-19, regulamentação e robótica). Observou-se aumento significativo no número de publicações na área devido à covid-19.

El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la literatura sobre el desarrollo tecnológico en la telemedicina me-diante bibliometría, identificando el estado del arte, las lagunas de investigación y las tendencias en la literatura. Se analizaron un total de 67 artículos relacionados con el campo de estudio, publicados entre 2010-2020 en las bases de datos de Springer Link, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science y Scopus. Los datos fueron procesados utilizando los programas StArt, Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics e Iramuteq. Los resultados presentaron un análisis bibliométrico de los artículos, clasificados en las áreas de Gestión (52,2%), TI (25,4%) y Medicina (22,4%), junto con una tabla de 34 sugerencias para futuras investiga-ciones. Las tendencias en la literatura abarcaron seis clases de estudio (salud, estudio, servicio, tecnología, paciente y telemedicina), que se subdividieron en nueve temas de investigación (plataforma digital, gestión del servicio de telemedicina, operación del servicio de telemedicina, percepción del usuario final, oportuni-dades de negocio, percepción de los profesionales de la salud, covid-19, regulación y robótica). Un resultado observado fue un aumento significativo en el número de publicaciones en el área debido al covid-19.

World Café no ensino em saúde e pesquisa científica: protocolo de revisão de escopo / World Café in health education and scientific research: scope review protocol

OBJETIVO: Identificar as evidências científicas para a aplicação do World Café em disciplinas de saúde e pesquisas. MÉTODO: Registrado na Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TM7QR), o método seguirá as etapas propostas no Manual de Revisão da JBI: identificação da questão de pesquisa; identificação dos estudos relevantes; seleção dos estudos; análise dos dados; agrupamento, síntese e apresentação dos dados. A estratégia de busca foi elaborada em consulta aos descritores DeCS/MeSH e linguagem natural das bases de dados consultadas (Web of Science, MEDLINE/Pubmed, CINAHL e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde). Os critérios de inclusão são: artigos disponíveis na íntegra nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol que utilizaram a metodologia do World Café. Editoriais, cartas, resumos de congressos, notas ou resenhas serão excluídos. Espera-se sistematizar e apoiar o conhecimento sobre o uso do World Café nas intervenções de saúde e em pesquisas científicas, contribuindo para advogar pelo uso desta metodologia dialógica e qualitativa, na cocriação de conhecimento científico.

OBJECTIVE: To identify scientific evidence for the application of World Café in health disciplines and research. METHOD: Registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TM7QR), the method will follow the steps proposed in the JBI Review Manual: identification of the research question; identification of relevant studies; selection of studies; data analysis; grouping, synthesis, and presentation of data. The search strategy was developed in consultation with the descriptors DeCS/MeSH and the natural language of the consulted databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE/Pubmed, CINAHL, and Virtual Health Library). The inclusion criteria are: articles available in full in Portuguese, English, or Spanish languages that used the World Café methodology. Editorials, letters, congress abstracts, notes, or reviews will be excluded. It is expected to systematize and support knowledge about the use of World Café in health interventions and scientific research, contributing to advocate for the use of this dialogical and qualitative methodology, in the co-creation of scientific knowledge.

Historical evolution and clinical application of classical prescription Yigongsan / 中国药房

Yigongsan， derived from QIAN Yi’s Key to Therapeutics of Children’s Diseases in the Song Dynasty， is a classic pediatric prescription that is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This paper verifies and analyzes the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， decoction method and efficacy of Yigongsan by systematically combing ancient books and modern documents. As a result， Yigongsan is composed of five herbs： Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， Citrus reticulata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis， of which P. cocos should be peeled， A. macrocephala is fried with soil， G. uralensis is roasted with honey while P. ginseng and C. reticulata are raw products. According to the dosage of ancient and modern times， each medicinal herb must be ground into fine powder， 1.6 g for each， added with 300 mL of water， 5 pieces of Zingiber officinale， and 2 Ziziphus jujuba， decocted together to 210 mL， and taken before meals. In ancient books， Yigongsan is used to treat vomiting， diarrhea， spleen and stomach deficiency， chest and abdominal distension， and lack of appetite， etc. Modern research showed that Yigongsan could also be used in the diseases of immune system， respiratory system， blood system， etc.， involving infantile anorexia， asthma， anemia， tumors and so on.

Textual Analysis of Classic Formulas Yinchenhao Tang Based on Ancient and Modern Literature / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Yinchenhao Tang has definite clinical efficacy. It has been inherited and documented since the ancestor of Shanghanlun in the Eastern Han dynasty and is a classical formulas for clearing away heat， promoting diuresis， and eliminating jaundice adopted by medical experts of successive generations. It has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （the Second Batch of Han Medicine） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in 2023. By means of bibliometrics， 801 pieces of ancient literature data related to Yinchenhao Tang were collected， and 36 pieces of effective data were selected， involving 36 ancient books of TCM. The origin， name， composition， efficacy， formula and meaning analysis， drug origin， dosage， preparation method and usage， indications， and modern clinical application of Yinchenhao Tang were analyzed. It was suggested that the modern dosage and application of Yinchenhao Tang should be as follows： The 82.8 g of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba， 12.6 g of Gardeniae Fructus， and 27.2 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The formulas was prepared by firstly adding 2 400 mL of water into Artemisiae Scopariae Herba and boiling it to about 1 200 mL， then adding Gardeniae Fructus and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma to boil it for 600 mL， and removing the residue. It could be orally taken for 200 mL each time in warm conditions， three times a day. Yinchenhao Tang has the effect of clearing away heat， promoting diuresis， and eliminating jaundice， and it mainly treats symptoms of hygropyretic jaundice. In the formulas， Yinchenhao Tang is the monarch drug， which is mainly to remove dampness and jaundice. Gardeniae Fructus is the ministerial drug， which is mainly responsible for clearing the triple energizer and facilitating urination. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is an adjuvant， mainly responsible for clearing away heat and eliminating jaundice. The modern application of this formulas involves the hepatobiliary system， skin system， endocrine system， digestive system， etc.， and it has more advantages in treating jaundice， icteric hepatitis， and hepatitis B. In this study， the ancient literature related to Yinchenhao Tang was sorted out to determine its key information， so as to provide a scientific reference for clinical application of classic formulas and new drug development.

Data Mining of Medication Rules of Chinese Herbal Prescriptions for Oral Use in the Treatment of Venomous Snake Bites / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective Data mining method was used to analyze the Chinese herbal prescriptions for oral use in treating venomous snake bites collected from the major domestic literature databases and the surgery volume of Zhong Hua Yi Fang(Chinese Medical Prescriptions),so as to explore their potential prescription and medication rules,and to provide references for the treatment of venomous snake bites in the primary hospitals.Methods The Chinese herbal prescriptions for oral use in treating venomous snake bites were retrieved from the CNKI,VIP and Wanfang databases,and the ancient formulas for treating venomous snake bites were screened in the surgery volume of Zhong Hua Yi Fang(Chinese Medical Prescriptions).Excel software was used to extract the relevant information of the formulas,and R language was used to analyze the medication frequency,properties,flavors and meridian tropism of the herbs as well as their association rules and clustering analysis.Results A total of 187 prescriptions for oral use in treating venomous snake bite were obtained,involving 284 Chinese herbal medicines.The top 15 Chinese herbal medicines in decreasing sequence of medication frequency were Lobeliae Chinensis Herba,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Paridis Rhizoma,Rehmanniae Radix,Coptidis Rhizoma,Scutellariae Radix,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Moutan Cortex,Hedyotis Diffusae Herba,Imperatae Rhizoma,Plantaginis Herba,and Scutellariae Barbatae Herba.The flavor of herbs in the prescription for the treatment of venomous snakebite was usually bitter,pungent and sweet,and their property was relatively cold.Most of the herbs had the meridian tropism of the liver meridian and lung meridian.The core prescription mainly composed of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Lobeliae Chinensis Herba,and Paridis Rhizoma was obtained after association rule analysis and cluster analysis.Conclusion The herbs for the treatment of venomous snake bites often have the actions of clearing heat and removing toxins,and the prescription is usually composed of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Lobeliae Chinensis Herba,Paridis Rhizoma together with the compatibility of medicines for clearing heat and cooling blood,extinguishing wind and arresting convulsion,clearing heat and promoting urination.

Construction of Knowledge Service and Clinical Application System of"Prevention of Disease"in Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Big Data Convergence / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To explore the construction idea and application method of knowledge base and knowledge mining system for the prevention and treatment of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods Guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),firstly,the knowledge system of TCM Prevention and treatment was sorted out,and the structure and relationship of TCM Prevention and treatment knowledge base were designed according to the classification method of TCM Prevention and treatment;Secondly,according to the needs of pre treatment research,the ancient and modern literature data sources and knowledge collection methods of TCM pre treatment database are proposed;Then,under the framework of the pre treatment classification system,the core knowledge is studied in the aspects of professional annotation,relationship extraction,knowledge audit,and a variety of data mining algorithms are introduced to analyze and mine the knowledge;Finally,the massive data obtained are combined with big data analysis and computer machine learning to realize intelligent information collection,disease analysis and diagnosis and treatment suggestions.Results Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory,the knowledge base of traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of diseases can digitize,digitize and intellectualize the basic knowledge and clinical knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of diseases,and can objectively mine and analyze the data,providing a basis for the service and sharing of knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of diseases.Conclusion The knowledge base of TCM Prevention and treatment is an important way for the digital storage of TCM Prevention and treatment knowledge,and provides literature knowledge support and objective evidence of data mining for TCM Prevention and treatment research.

Subjective financial distress in cancer patients:a concept analysis / 现代临床护理

Objective To analyse the concept of subjective financial distress in cancer patients.Methods Papers in regarding the subjective financial distress were retrieved from the databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wangfang Database,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,and Embase from the inceptions to 16th October,2022.Walker and Avant's concept analysis was performed to analyse the acquired articles.Results A total of 48 articles were retrieved and included in the study.Walker and Avant's concept analysis showed that the subjective financial distress in the patients was subject to the 3 defining attributes:perceived economic risk,coping behaviours,and negative emotional reactions.The antecedents of this distress included individual factors,disease and treatment factors,and social factors.The consequences of them were the increase in negative health behaviours and poorer quality of life.Conclusions The attributes,antecedents and consequences of subjective financial distress,as identified through the conceptual analysis,can serve as a reference for subsequent researches.In future studies,it would be beneficial by further exploring the connotation by considering China's healthcare system.

A bibliometric analysis of exploring the optimization path and theoretical basis of the management sys-tem of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology in medical institutions / 现代医院

Objective To sort out and summarize the research hotspots and trends of Chinese medicine nursing technolo-gy at the present stage.Methods We searched the research literature on TCM nursing technology included in China Knowledge,Wanfang,and Wipu build-up to November 30,2023,and used CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software to perform co-occurrence analysis of research institutions and keyword clustering,timeline,and emergence analysis.Results A total of 5 771 documents were in-cluded,with a general upward trend in the number of publications,peaking at 692 publications in 2021.5 206 documents from 673 journals were included in the research literature,of which 19 journals had ≥50 publications(35.47％).2 087 research or-ganizations were involved,of which 27 had ≥20 publications(13.24％).Involving 9 484 authors,there were a total of 8 au-thors ≥5 in the cluster,indicating the existence of stable teamwork in the cluster.The keyword co-occurrence analysis yielded the research hotspots of TCM nursing technology as TCM nursing,training,nursing management,clinical efficacy,complica-tions,and quality of life.Conclusion Based on the econometrics and visualization analysis of the literature on TCM nursing technology,we explored the research hotspots and trends in this field,and provided two theoretical paths for medical institution managers to construct and optimize the management system of TCM nursing technology:to standardize the TCM nursing technology in hospitals and establish a clinical access management system;and based on the multidimensional management method,to inno-vate the training system of TCM nursing technology.

Bibliometric analysis of a leadership indicator system in the medical field / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of research on the construction of leadership indicator system in the medical field at home and abroad, and to analyze the characteristics of the indicator system therein.Methods:This was a bibliometric study. The group applied subject keywords to search relevant literature on the construction of leadership indicator system in the medical field at home and abroad on English websites PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus and Chinese websites Baidu Academic, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, with a time frame of 2016-2023. The basic characteristics of the literature, the theoretical framework of the research application and the research theme were extracted, and the content of the indicator system in the literature was reviewed and summarized.Results:A total of 21 literatures were included, including 7 Chinese literatures and 14 English literatures. Of these literatures, 10 focused on physician leadership, 5 on medical manager leadership, and 2 on general practitioner leadership. Among 16 research literatures, 9 informed the theoretical basis of leadership, and 4 literatures were applied research. Five main themes were identified: leadership studies of individual healthcare administrators, leadership development in healthcare, interest and attitudes of healthcare workers towards leadership learning, applications of leadership in healthcare, and the impact of leadership in healthcare on patients and healthcare organizations.Conclusions:At present, research on the construction of the leadership indicator system in the medical field presents is diverse, with differences in theoretical basis and content. The original and empirical research is still insufficient.

Study on Clinical Medicine Thought of the Zhejiang School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor ZHU Danxi in Phlegm Syndrome / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the clinical experience of ZHU Danxi,a doctor of Zhejiang school of traditional Chinese medicine,on the diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-related diseases.[Methods]By means of literature research and data mining,the treatment database of ZHU Danxi in phlegm syndrome was constructed,and his clinical thoughts were summarized from the aspects of pathogenic factors,pathogenesis,treatment and prescriptions.[Results]According to ZHU Danxi,the pathogenesis of phlegm syndrome was mainly related to stagnation of Qi activity,the etiology was related to external contraction of six excesses,internal injury of seven emotions,improper diet.Phlegm syndrome was divided into hot phlegm,wet phlegm,food phlegm,cold phlegm,wind phlegm,old phlegm,etc.ZHU Danxi determined the different treatment principles such as clearing heat and resolving phlegm,drying dampness and resolving phlegm,resolving phlegm to remove stagnancy,warming and resolving cold-phlegm,dispelling wind and resolving phlegm,moistening dryness and resolving phlegm and so on.Phlegm wss easy to knot with stasis,so it was commonly used to remove phlegm and remove stasis.According to the site of the phlegm syndrome,ZHU Danxi used different herbs and methods of vomiting and purging,treating both symptoms and root causes,starting from the spleen,lung and liver meridian,and basing on Erchen Decoction.ZHU Danxi used phlegm-eliminating herbs,spleen strengthening herbs,Qi-regulating herbs and heat-clearing herbs.[Conclusion]ZHU Danxi's experience in treatment of phlegm related diseases is fully effective,and the principles,methods,and prescriptions for preventing and treating phlegm syndrome can provide more ideas for clinical practice.

Textual Research on Key Information of Classic Prescription Zhuye Shigaotang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zhuye Shigaotang is one of the 100 classic prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study used the traceability method and bibliometrics method to analyze the main applicable syndromes， efficacy and meanings， modern disease spectrum， and other aspects of Zhuye Shigaotang， so as to further promote the research and development of this prescription. The results showed that Zhuye Shigaotang originated from the Treatise on Febrile Diseases， and its ingredients included Lophatheri Herba， Gypsum Fibrosum， Pinelliae Rhizoma， Ophiopogonis Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Oryza sativa. The main applicable syndromes of Zhuye Shigaotang recorded in ancient books included heatstroke， cough and asthma， sores， sweat syndrome， hiccup， insomnia， malaria， headache， blood syndrome， nasosinusitis， laryngitis， etc.， involving diseases of internal medicine， surgery， gynecology， and pediatrics. Its pathogenesis was "incomplete residual heat， both Qi and Yin injuries， and stomach-Qi disharmony". The research found that Zhuye Shigaotang could also be used to treat acne， measles， and cholera， and it was especially suitable for the treatment at the later stage of epidemic diseases. Lophatheri Herba and Gypsum Fibrosum in the prescription could clear away heat and relieve vexation. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma，Ophiopogonis Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and Oryza sativa could promote body fluid production and invigorate Qi. Pinelliae Rhizoma could harmonize the stomach and stop vomiting. The prescription had stable compatibility and had the effects of clearing away heat， relieving vexation， invigorating Qi， promoting body fluid production， and harmonizing the stomach. Zhuye Shigaotang was widely applied in modern clinical practices， with high application frequency in the digestive system， pediatric-related diseases， respiratory system， infectious diseases， circulatory system， and neuropsychiatric system. The specific symptoms included recurrent aphtha， hiccup， infantile pneumonia， infantile summer fever， unexplained fever， upper respiratory tract infection， epidemic hemorrhagic fever， and late measles.

Discussion on Features of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Migraine Based on Ancient Books and Documents / 中医杂志

This paper systematically analyzed the ancient monographs of acupuncture and moxibustion and comprehensive medical books from pre-Qin to 1911， and extracted the data according to the etiology and pathogenesis， treatment principles and methods， acupoint selection， needling and moxibustion， and taboos of needling and moxibustion. The pathogenesis of migraine in ancient books and documents is summarized as "the causes are diverse， and phlegm-dampness is the majority". For treatment， the features include "needling has a sequence， and the root and the branch should be treated separately" and "focusing on tonifying deficiency and drain excess". It is also obtained of the rich ideas of acupoints selection， extensive application records of moxibustion， unique application of bloodletting therapy and clear explanation of acupuncture and moxibustion taboos. All mentioned above is expected to enrich the ideas and methods of modern migraine treatment and improve the clinical effects.

A scoping review on compliance in orthokeratology among children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe and analyze the current research status of compliance in orthokeratology among children and adolescents in and beyond China, so as to guide future research in this field.@*Methods@#By combining subject words with free words, the paper systematically searched the research related to the compliance of children and adolescents wearing orthokeratology lenses in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database. The retrieval time limit was until September 1, 2023.Two researchers independently screened and extracted data.@*Results@#A total of 35 articles were included, and four themes were identified:the current level of compliance, evaluation indicators, influencing factors, and intervention programs. The evaluation indicators of orthokeratology lenswearing compliance were diverse, and the influencing factors involved general demographic characteristics, personal internal factors, external factors, and specific clinical situations related to orthokeratology.@*Conclusions@#Multiple factors are associated with compliance in orthokeratology. Eyecare practitioners should choose suitable evaluation tools based on specific conditions and implement diverse and practical intervention strategies guided by theory to enhance the safety and effectiveness of orthokeratology lenswearing among children and adolescents.