Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Mexico: mortality trend analysis, 1998-2018 / Mortalidad por leucemia linfoblástica aguda en niños y adolescentes mexicanos: análisis de tendencias 1998-2018

Abstract: Objective: To determine the magnitude of mortality due to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) nationally and by age group, sex, state of residence and insurance status, as well as to evaluate time trends during the period 1998-2018 Materials and methods: We obtained ALL mortality data and estimated age-standardized national, state-level and health insurance mortality rates. We conducted a joinpoint regression analysis to describe mortality trends across the study period and estimate the average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: In a 20-year period, age-standardized ALL mortality rates increased from 1.6 per 100 000 in 1998 to 1.7 in 2018. Nationally, a constant annual increase in mortality was observed for both sexes (1998-2002 AAPC 0.6 in boys, and 1998-2002 AAPC 0.3 in girls). We observed heterogeneity in childhood ALL at a state level. Conclusion: Our results reflect the social, economic, geographic diversity of the country. Monitoring and surveillance of this disease is crucial to assess quality of care.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la magnitud de mortalidad por leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) infantil a nivel nacional, por grupo de edad, sexo, estado y derechohabiencia, así como evaluar las tendencias en el tiempo. Material y métodos: Se estimaron las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas por edad y estratificadas. Se realizó un análisis de regresión joinpoint para estimar el cambio porcentual anual promedio (AAPC). Resultados: En un periodo de 20 años, las tasas de mortalidad por LLA aumentaron de 1.6 por 100 000 en 1998 a 1.7 en 2018. A nivel nacional, se observó un aumento anual constante para ambos sexos (1998-2002 AAPC 0.6 en niños, y 1998-2002 AAPC 0.3 en niñas). Existe heterogeneidad en la LLA infantil a nivel estatal. Conclusión: Los resultados reflejan la diversidad social, económica y geográfica del país. El seguimiento y la vigilancia de esta enfermedad es fundamental para evaluar la calidad de atención e implementar medidas para su control.

FlaA gene deletion of LM90 SB2 inducing sheep encephalitis and the influence on virulence / 中国人兽共患病学报

The flagellin of Listeria monocytogenes is encoded by flaA gene;there is no detail report about the influence of flaA gene on the virulence of LM90 SB2.FlaA gene-deleted strain was constructed successfully with recombination technology.The influence of FlaA on LM90 SB2 virulence was evaluated by motility,BF formation,LD50,etc.Results showed that the colony morphology did not change,gene-deleted strain still had good genetic stability,but its growth was slow and the motility was decreased in the environment at 25 ℃,the morphological structure of the mutant BF was looser and incomplete,LD50 was increased from 4.27 × 106 cfu to 1.62 × 107 cfu.Results indicated that the flaA gene affected the flagellar formation of LM90 SB2 significantly,the ability of the BF formation and the virulence of the flaA deleted strain were decreased obviously.

Análisis de metilación en los genes supresores de tumores CDKN2B y DBC1 en pacientes colombianos con diagnóstico de leucemia / Methylation analysis of the CDKN2B and DBC1 tumour suppressor genes in leukaemia patients in Colombia

Objetivo: Analizar la metilación en los promotores de los genes CDKN2B y DBC1 en muestras de pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), leucemia mieloblástica aguda (LMA) y leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC). Además, correlacionar el perfil de metilación de los pacientes con los hallazgos citogenéticos. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 56 pacientes con leucemias: 24 con LLA, 16 con LMA y 16 con LMC. El ADN extraído se modificó con bisulfito de sodio. Se realizó un análisis de metilación en los genes CDKN2B y DBC1 mediante la PCR específica de metilación (MS-PCR). Las muestras positivas por la técnica MS-PCR fueron secuenciadas. Resultados: Se encontró una frecuencia total de metilación del 87,5%. El gen CDKN2B se encontró metilado en el 75% de LLA y de LMC, y del 62% en LMA. El gen DBC1 se encontró metilado en el 96% de LLA, el 94% de LMA y del 68,8% en LMC. El gen más frecuentemente metilado en todas las muestras fue DBC1. De los tres tipos de leucemias, la LLA fue la que presentó los mayores porcentajes de metilación. El 62,5% de la muestras tenían metilado ambos genes. Las muestras con cariotipo normal presentaron una alta frecuencia de metilación de CDKN2B y DBC1. Conclusiones: En este estudio se demostró, por primera vez en pacientes colombianos con leucemias, que la metilación de los genes CDKN2B y DBC1 es un evento frecuente. Los hallazgos indican que la metilación de genes supresores de tumores es una vía molecular alterna que podría estar relacionada con el desarrollo de neoplasias hematológicas.

Objective: To perform a methylation analysis in the CDKN2B and DBC1 gene promoters in samples from Colombian patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and to correlate the methylation profile with cytogenetic findings. Material and methods: The study included a total of 56 bone marrow samples, 24 from patients with ALL, 16 from AML patients, and 16 from CML patients. DNA was extracted from these samples and converted with sodium bisulphite. Methylation analysis was performed using methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR). The samples that were positive for MS-PCR were sequenced to confirm the results. Results: A total methylation frequency of 87.5% was found. CDKN2B gene promoter hypermethylation was found in 75% of ALL and CML samples, and 62% in AML; while DBC1 gene promoter hypermethylation was found in 96% of the samples of ALL, 94% of AML, and in 68.8% of CML. The most frequently methylated gene in all samples was DBC1. ALL was the type of leukaemia that had the highest percentages of methylation. Almost two-thirds (62.5%) of the samples had both methylated genes. Samples with normal karyotype had a high frequency of methylation in CDKN2B and DBC1 genes. Conclusions: This study showed, for the first time in Colombian patients with leukaemia, that methylation of DBC1 and CDKN2B genes is a common event. Our findings indicate that methylation of tumour suppressor genes is an alternate genetic pathway related to the development of haematological malignancies.

Fatal neutropenic enterocolitis due to Clostridium septicum / Enterocolitis neutropénica fatal a causa de Clostridium septicum

We describe a case of Clostridium septicum enterocolitis in a patient with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia undergoing autologous stem cell transplant. In the setting of neutropenia, Clostridium septicum should be suspected in patients who develop signs and symptoms of acute abdomen.

Se describe el caso de una enterocolitis por Clostridium septicum en un paciente con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) pre-B sometido a trasplante de células madre autológico. En el marco de una neutropenia, debe sospecharse la presencia de Clostridium septicum en pacientes que desarrollan signos y síntomas de abdomen agudo.

Leucemia linfoide aguda a importancia do laboratorio de liquor para o sucesso do tratamento / Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the importance of cerebrospinal fluid laboratory for successful treatament

A Leucemia Linfoide Aguda (LLA) e uma doenca caracterizada pelo acumulo de linfoblastos em numerosos orgaos e tecidos, notadamente na medula ossea. Entretanto as celulas malignas da LLA tem uma predisposicao de infiltrar o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) e os testiculos, sendo estes, considerados ¡°santuarios¡±. A importancia ao diagnostico da avaliacao citologica do liquido cefalorraqueano(Liquor) tornou-se fundamental para adequacao do tratamento, prognostico e para o monitoramento de eventuais recaidas. Citologicamente pode-se determinar um ¡°STATUS¡±, sendo que a avaliacao mais aceita atualmente ao diagnostico deve seguir os seguintes criterios: Status 1: puncao nao traumatica com ausencia de blastos apos citocentrifugacao. Status 2: puncao nao traumatica com presenca de blastos apos citocentrifugacao e leucocitos ¡Ü5/mm3. Status 3: puncao nao traumatica com presenca de blastosapos citocentrifugacao e leucocitos ¡Ý5/mm3 . A puncao traumatica deve ser classificada como risco, pois pode haver a infiltracao na hora da puncao. O objetivo deste trabalho e definir criteriosamente a importancia da atuacao do Farmaceutico Bioquimico no Laboratorio de Liquor auxiliando o clinico na avaliacao de conduta terapeutica baseado na avaliacao citologica do liquido cefalorraqueano.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an illness characterized for the accumulation of blasts in numerous organ and tissue, essential in the blone marrow. However the malignant cells of the ALL have a predisposition to infiltrate central nervous system(CNS) and the testicules, being been these, considered "sanctuaries". The importance to the diagnosis of the cytological evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), became basic for adequacy of the treatment, prognostic and for the involvement of eventual fallen again. Cytologically a "STATUS" can be determined, being most accepted currently to the diagnosis must follow the following criteria:CNS1 (puncture nontraumatic without leukemic blasts after ytocentrifugation), CNS2 (puncture nontraumatic, ¡Ü5 WBC/mm3 CSF with identifiable blasts after cytocentrifugation), CNS3 (puncture nontraumatic, ¡Ý5 WBC/mm3 CSF with identifiable blasts aftercytocentrifugation). TLP(+) ¨C puncture traumatic with blasts, and TLP(-) ¨C puncture traumatic without blasts. The traumatic puncture must be classified as risk therefore it can have infiltration in the hour puncture. The objective of this work is reintensification to define the importance of the performance of the Pharmaceutical Biochemist in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Laboratory assisting the physician in the based evaluation of therapeutical behavior in the cytological evaluation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Detección molecular del gen BCR-ABL por RT-PCR en niños costarricenses con leucemia

Molecular detection of the BCR-ABL gen by RT-PCR In Costa Rican children with leukemia. Many leukemias could have chromosomic translocations and according to the transcripts formed by the genes involved, the patients present an specific phenotype of the leukemia. We show the first results of the investigation of the gen BCR-ABL using RT-PCR, in order to look for the t(9;22)(q34;q11) in pediatric leukemic children. We studied in total 55 patients, 6 (10.9%) of them were positive for that translocation. Two (3.63%) of the positive children had ALL and the other 4 (7.27%) presented CML, the genotyping analysis of the transcript was studied in these children. With the introduction of this methodology as part of the routine studies, the leukemic children could get in the future an specific diagnosis, that will be important to classify them in prognostic categories and to improve the detection of minimal residual disease. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (4): 1613-1618. Epub 2008 December 12.

Muchas leucemias pueden presentar traslocaciones cromosómicas, las cuales, de acuerdo a los transcriptos formados por los genes involucrados, originará un fenotipo leucémica variable. En este trabajo se muestran los primeros resultados de pacientes pediátricos con leucemia, a los cuales se les hizo el estudio molecular por RT-PCR y el genotipaje para el gen BCR-ABL producto de la t(9;22)(q34;q11). De las 55 muestras estudiadas, 6 (10.9%) fueron positivas para el transcripto mencionado. De las 6 positivas, 2(3.63%) de esos pacientes tenían LLA y 4 (7.27%) eran LMC. La introducción de esta metodología en el manejo rutinario de los niños con leucemia, servirá para establecer un diagnóstico más preciso, un pronóstico más certero y un seguimiento adecuado de la enfermedad mínima residual.

Effects of gingival fiberotomy on periodontical tissues / 中华医学美学美容杂志

0.05). ConclusionsTwo methods of fibero tomy do not effect on the periodontal tissues. The PSP is more excellent than t he MSF in preventing the corrected teeth from relapsing and keeping the aest hetic feeling of the gingival shape.