Methods for the analysis of uranium aerosol concentration in the workplace of uranium processing and fuel fabrication facilities / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To establish a method for uranium aerosol sample collection, dry ashing treatment, and laboratory laser-fluorescence measurement in the workplace of uranium processing and fuel fabrication facilities. Methods Through optimization experiments, the effects of sampling flow, sample pH value, and test temperature on uranium aerosol concentration results were studied, and the detection limit, precision, and recovery rate of the method were tested. Results Under the optimal test conditions, the detection limit of the method was 0.025 ng/mL; the minimum detectable concentration of 1 m3 of aerosol samples was 1.25 × 10−3 μg/m3; the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the measurement results was less than 5%; the recovery rate was between 96% and 104%. Conclusion The detection limit, precision, and accuracy of the method meet the testing requirements for uranium aerosol samples in the workplace of uranium processing and fuel fabrication facilities.

Effectiveness of Laser Fluorescence–Based Device in Detecting the Extent of Re-Mineralisation in Primary Teeth Compared to the Conventional Method: An In vitro Study

Background: Laser fluorescence (LF)–based clinical device DIAGNOdent™ is at present being used to detect caries. Can the same be used to detect therapeutic remineralisation of early white spot lesions? Aims: To explore the feasibility of using LF?based device in monitoring the changes following remineralisation of demineralised primary teeth. Materials and Method: The sample number for the present experimental in vitro study was 10. The LF based device readings were correlated with surface microhardness (SMH) test values to evaluate its efficiency. SMH analysis was performed using a microhardness tester (Tescol?HT1000AD). All the samples were demineralised, followed by remineralisation using fluoride varnish and pH cycling. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (IBM SPSS®) software. Paired t?test was performed to compare laser fluorescence readings and SMH test result values at baseline, after demineralisation, and after remineralisation. Pearson’s correlation was used to compare the relation between the laser fluorescence and SMH test. Results: A good negative correlation was seen between the two methods at the baseline readings even though it was not statistically significant (P = 0.069). A positive correlation between the methods existed following demineralisation which was not significant (P = 0.074). The correlation between the parameters following remineralisation showed a moderate negative correlation but was not significant (P = 0.55). Conclusion: DIAGNOdent™ values at baseline, after demineralisation, and after remineralisation was consistent with SMH values. Thus, DIAGNOdent™ can be explored to provide chairside assistance in identifying remineralisation of white spot lesions.

Effectiveness of Two Bioactive Restorative Materials in Dental Hard Tissues Remineralization as Indicated by Laser Fluorescence

Twenty extracted human sound premolars were selected and grouped into four groups and two class V cavity preparations, facial and lingual, were prepared at the cervical one-third of the crown of each tooth and extending into the root cementum to make a total of 40 cavities (n=10). The teeth were soaked in a demineralizing solution of pH 4.5 for 72 hours and a tooth surface conditioner was applied to remove remnants of the smear layer. Three laser fluorescence readings were recorded by DIAGNOdent pen for each cavity at enamel margin, dentin floor, and cementum margin. The groups were restored with four different restorative materials Cavit, temporary filling material (control), Ketac-Fil; a conventional glass-ionomer, and two bioactive restorative materials; Glass Carbomer and Biodentine. The restored teeth were stored in mineral water (37°C) for three weeks and brushed twice daily with Tooth Mousse toothpaste. The teeth were longitudinally cut into halves in the middle of the restorations and three DIAGNOdent pen readings were recorded at the same previous sites. Data were collected and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc-test at (p˂0.05). The results showed a significant increase in DIAGNOdent pen readings after soaking in the demineralizing solution in all tooth hard tissues, while a significant decrease was noted after the application of the restorations and storage in the three groups, other than control, indicating that both examined bioactive restorative materials were suitable for enhancing remineralization and subsequently arresting the three-tooth hard tissues carious lesions as the conventional glass-ionomer.

In Vitro Comparison of ICDAS And DIAGNOdent Pen in The Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions of Non-Cavitated Occlusal Caries / Comparación In Vitro de ICDAS y DIAGNOdent Pen en el diagnóstico y decisiones de tratamiento de la caries oclusal no cavitada

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the ICDAS and the DIAGNOdent Pen in the diagnosis of occlusal caries lesions without cavitation, and for basing treatment decisions on the results obtained. Eighty permanent molar teeth that were healthy and non-cavitated or that had an initial occlusal lesion were evaluated. All teeth were investigated using DIAGNOdent Pen and ICDAS by four examiners. Histological evaluation of teeth was performed using stereomicroscopy by a histologist and different experienced dentist. For evaluation of the data, weighted kappa values (kw), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and likelihood ratio (LR+) values of the tests were calculated. The diagnostic results obtained using the DIAGNOdent Pen were found to correlate better with the results obtained from histological sections than those obtained using ICDAS. When the treatment decisions of the observers depending on the results of ICDAS, and ICDAS and DIAGNOdent Pen combination were compared with the decisions made based on histological examinations, the decisions based on ICDAS and DIAGNOdent Pen combined (kw: 0.522) were more accurate than the ones based on ICDAS (kw: 0.415) alone. In conclution, professional experience is an effective factor in diagnosing occlusal caries lesions without cavitation with ICDAS and in making treatment decisions for them. DIAGNOdent Pen is sufficient in diagnosing occlusal caries lesions without cavitation.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia de ICDAS y de DIAGNOdent Pen en el diagnóstico de lesiones de caries oclusales no cavitadas. Ochenta molares permanentes sanos y no cavitados fueron utilizados. Todos los dientes fueron investigados usando DIAGNOdent Pen e ICDAS por cuatro examinadores. La evaluación histológica de los dientes se realizó mediante estereomicroscopía por un histólogo y por un dentista con previa experiencia. Los resultados diagnósticos obtenidos con el DIAGNOdent Pen se correlacionan mejor con los resultados obtenidos a partir de las secciones histológicas cuando comparados a los obtenidos utilizando ICDAS. Las decisiones basadas en el uso combinado de ICDAS y DIAGNOdent Pen (kw: 0.522) fueron más precisas que los basados en ICDAS (kw: 0.415). En conclusión, la experiencia profesional es un factor eficaz en diagnóstico de lesiones de caries oclusal sin cavitación con ICDAS y en la toma de decisiones de tratamiento. DIAGNOdent Pen es una herramienta confiable para diagnosticar lesiones de caries oclusales sin cavitación.

Diagnostic Utilization of Laser Fluorescence for Resin Infiltration in Primary Teeth / 대한소아치과학회지

This study was performed to evaluate clinical use of laser fluorescence (LF) to identify early childhood caries lesions suitable for applying resin infiltration.20 exfoliated primary molars with proximal caries were selected and cut buccolingually cross the central pit for regarding the mesial and distal surfaces respectively. 27 specimens corresponding to ICDAS code 1 and 2 were selected and the LF values were measured. When infiltrant resin was applied, double staining for microscopy detection has done simultaneously. Tooth samples were sliced with 0.7 mm thick. The maximum lesion depth, maximum penetration depth, and average penetration rate were measured from the confocal scanning laser microscope image. Pearson correlation analysis was performed.The intraclass correlation coefficient of LF values shows excellent agreement. LF values had positive correlation with penetration rate, but not lesion depth and penetration depth. Significant correlation between LF readings and penetration rate was verified in deep enamel caries and dentin caries except shallow enamel caries.Infiltrant resin could penetrate with a higher rate and LF values could be increased in more active caries lesions. In assessing radiologically similar caries lesion, laser fluorescence might be useful for identifying caries activity.

Comparison of Diagnostic Validity between Laser Fluorescence Devices in Proximal Caries / 대한소아치과학회지

The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximal caries detecting ability and identify the optimal cut-off values of two types of laser fluorescence (LF) devices; classic type (DD) and pen type (DDpen).The number of proximal surfaces participated in this study were 164 surfaces in primary dentition and 438 surfaces in permanent dentition. Each tooth surface was sequentially assessed by two types of LF devices, and bitewing radiograph. The radiographs were classified into 3 groups in primary dentition (PR₀, PR₁, PR₂), and 4 groups in permanent dentition (PR₀, PR₁, PR₂, PR₃) according to the depth of caries, and used as gold standard.In primary dentition, the area under the curve (AUC) values of DD were 0.851 and 0.890, and those of DDpen were 0.883 and 0.917, respectively in enamel caries and dentin caries. In permanent dentition, the AUC values of DD were 0.762 and 0.886, and those of DDpen were 0.828 and 0.958, respectively in enamel caries and dentin caries.When detecting proximal caries in posterior teeth with LF devices, DDpen is more useful than DD in both primary and permanent dentition. However, in primary dentition, DD can also be useful to detect proximal caries.

Detection of proximal caries using quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital and laser fluorescence: a comparative study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro validity of quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) and laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) for assessing proximal caries in extracted premolars, using digital radiography as reference method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 102 extracted premolars with similar lengths and shapes were used. A single operator conducted all the examinations using three different detection methods (bitewing radiography, QLF-D, and DIAGNOdent). The bitewing x-ray scale, QLF-D fluorescence loss (ΔF), and DIAGNOdent peak readings were compared and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Each method showed an excellent reliability. The correlation coefficient between bitewing radiography and QLF-D, DIAGNOdent were −0.644 and 0.448, respectively, while the value between QLF-D and DIAGNOdent was −0.382. The kappa statistics for bitewing radiography and QLF-D had a higher diagnosis consensus than those for bitewing radiography and DIAGNOdent. The QLF-D was moderately to highly accurate (AUC = 0.753 – 0.908), while DIAGNOdent was moderately to less accurate (AUC = 0.622 – 0.784). All detection methods showed statistically significant correlation and high correlation between the bitewing radiography and QLF-D. CONCLUSION: QLF-D was found to be a valid and reliable alternative diagnostic method to digital bitewing radiography for in vitro detection of proximal caries.

The effectiveness of Minqing Ao dental desensitizer in the treatment of early childhood caries / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of Minqing Ao dental desensitizer in the treatment of early childhood caries (ECC).Methods:41 0 teeth with ECC in 1 1 0 cases were divided into 3 groups.Minqing Ao dental desensitizer,fluoride toothpaste and ordinary toothpaste without fluoride were respectively used in group A,B and C.The laser fluorescence value(LFV)was meas-ured and compared before treatment,2,4,6 weeks and 6 months after treatment.Results:2 weeks after treatment,the LFV was not significantly changed in the 3 groups.4 weeks after treatment LFV in group A was decreased(P0.05).6 weeks after treatment LFV in group A and B was decreased(P<0.01 and P<0.05),there was significant difference be-tween each 2 groups(P<0.05).6 weeks and 6 months after treatment LFV in group A was lower than that in group B(P<0.01 ),and in group B was lower than that in group C(P<0.01 ).Conclusion:Minqing Ao is effective for treatment of early childhood caries.

Diagno Dent Laser Device : A R evolution In Caries Detection.

The diagnosis of dental caries is fundamental to the practice of dentistry. The accuracy of diagnosing "hidden" occlusal caries is recognized to be a challenge. These lesions are virtually impossible to detect using conventional methods. DIAGNOdent is a laser fluorescence device used for detecting caries. The main attraction of such a device is that it is able to identify signs of tooth decay earlier than traditional diagnostic methods. It utilizes laser light of a defined wavelength to help detect and quantify demineralized tooth substances without x-ray exposure. This revolutionary new device is easy to use and turns caries detection into a harmless, measurable, more reproducible and exacting procedure.

A comparative evaluation of DIAGNOdent with visual and radiography for detection of occlusal caries: An in vitro study.

Background: The diagnosis of dental caries is fundamental to the practice of dentistry. Despite the fact that dental caries has declined considerably, it is still a problem of great importance. The reduction in caries prevalence has not occurred uniformly for all the surfaces. The greatest reduction was observed at lesions located on smooth surfaces, so that occlusal caries are most common in children. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical efficacy of DIAGNOdent in detecting occlusal caries. Materials and Methods: A total number of 50 teeth were subjected for visual, radiographic, and DIAGNOdent examinations. All the three methods were compared to histology which is a gold standard. Results: The result obtained showed that DIAGNOdent is superior to visual and radiographic methods in diagnosing occlusal caries.

Fotobiologia: detecção da lesão de cárie dental com o uso da fluorescência a laser / Photobiology: caries detection by laser fluorescence

O uso da luz para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças na área médica e odontológica tem sido muito utilizado atualmente e pode ser chamado de fotobiologia. O DIAGNOdent (KaVo Biberach, Alemanha) consegue detectar, através da fluorescência do laser de diodo 655 nm, lesões iniciais que vão desde mínimas perdas minerais até lesões ocultas na dentina. Com a superfície do esmalte intacta consegue, também, determinar a atividade da cárie, ou seja, se no local da lesão há bactérias ativas ou inativas. A diminuição da prevalência da doença cárie em crianças e adolescentes tem exigido métodos de diagnóstico cada vez mais precisos, que nos forneçam dados complementares e que nos ajudem a compreender melhor todo o processo da doença cárie. O método de detecção por fluorescência a laser, DIAGNOdent, visa detectar precocemente as primeiras manifestações clínicas desta patologia, em uma fase que possamos evitar sua progressão através de métodos conservadores, numa abordagem atual de promoção da saúde.

Photobiology is the use of light in the treatment and prevention of diseases in the medical and dental areas. DIAGNOdent (KaVo Biberach, Alemanha), through fluorescence of diode laser 655 nm, is able to detect early lesions, from minimal mineral loss to lesions hidden in the dentine with intact enamel surface. It is also able to determine the caries activity, i.e., if there are active or inactive bacteria in the lesion site. Prevalence of caries disease in children and adolescentes has decreased and thus demands more precise diagnostic methods to furnish additional data to help understand the ,whole process. DIAGNOdent a laser fluorescence detection method, detects the clinical manifestations of this pathology at a very early stage. Thus, the progress of the disease is deterred, avoiding the use of conservative methods, which is in accordance with the current approach to buccal health promotion.

A study on the enamel surface texture and caries susceptibility in interdentally stripped teeth / 대한치과교정학회지

To investigate the difference of texture exhibited on interproximal enamel surface with each different stripping method and the susceptibility of proximal enamel to demineralization after stripping and the application of a topical fluoride gel and sealant, one hundred human premolars, which were previously extracted for orthodontic reasons were evaluated by means of Scanning electron microscopy and laser fluorescence. The results were as follows : 1. No matter what the initial stripping instrument was the furrows that resulted from all the stripping methods were not completely removed by careful polishing. 2. Among the enamel surfaces that were treated with three different initial abrasive instruments, followed by the same polishing method (Sof-Lex(R)disks), the enamel surfaces that were treated with 700 crosscut carbide bur showed the smoothest surfaces. 3. The stripped teeth, no matter what the initial stripping instrument was, were less resistant to initial demineralization than untreated teeth. But no difference in caries susceptibility according to differently stripped methods was found (p<0.001). 4. Teeth treated with APF-gel or sealant were more resistant to demineralization than those treated without other treatment after stripping (p<0.001). 5. Comparing groups treated with APF-gel to groups treated with sealant, the former was more resistant to demineralization than the latter (p<0.05). In conclusion, enamel surfaces that were stripped interproximally were less resistant to demineralization even though various attempts were made to produce smooth, self-cleaning enamel surfaces. Therefore, additional treatment-sealant or calcifying/ fluoridating solution to the stripped enamel surfaces is recommended.

The evaluation of three methods for the diagnosis of initial posterior approximal caries / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the bitewing radiograph(BWR),clinic examination(CE) and laser fluorescence examination (LF) for detection of initial posterior approximal caries . Methods:A total of 162 approximal surfaces from 81 extracted posterior teeth were examined by BWR, CE and LF. The histological diagnosis of sectioned teeth was used as the validating criterion (gold standard) to assess the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and reproducibility. Results: The sensitivity and accuracy of BWR was higher than those of CE or LF at the level of enamel caries. Conclusions: BWR is an accurate diagnostic method for initial posterior approximal caries in present clinic practice. The inferior efficacy of LF is mainly due to its poor reproducibility of approximal surfaces.