Bases científicas del principio de curación homeopática en la farmacología moderna / Scientific bases of the homeopathic healing principle in modern pharmacology

La homeopatía emplea el denominado 'principio de similares' como método terapéutico ­ el cual consiste en administrar medicamentos que provocan ciertos síntomas en individuos sanos para tratar síntomas similares en individuos enfermos (similia similibus curantur) - para inducir una reacción curativa secundaria del cuerpo en contra de sus propios trastornos. Esta reacción secundaria (vital, homeostática o paradójica) del cuerpo se basa en el 'efecto de rebote' de los fármacos modernos, un tipo de evento adverso que se produce después de interrumpir varias clases de fármacos prescritos según el 'principio de los contrarios' (contraria contrariis curantur). Objetivo: La presente revisión ha buscado justificar científicamente el principio de curación homeopática frente a la farmacología clínica y experimental a través de un estudio sistemático del efecto de rebote de los fármacos modernos o reacción paradójica del cuerpo. Métodos: Empleando como referencia estudios y revisiones sobre el tema publicados a partir de 1998, actualizamos los datos añadiendo estudios recientes incluidos en la base de datos PubMed. Resultados: El efecto de rebote se produce después de interrumpir varias clases de fármacos con acción contraria a los síntomas de las enfermedades, exacerbándolos a niveles superiores a aquellos previos al tratamiento. Independientemente de la enfermedad, fármaco, dosis y duración del tratamiento, el fenómeno del rebote se manifiesta en una pequeña proporción de los individuos susceptibles. Siguiendo las premisas homeopáticas, los fármacos modernos también podrían usarse según el principio de la similitud terapéutica, empleando entonces el efecto de rebote (reacción paradójica) con propósito curativo. Conclusiones: Evidenciado por cientos de estudios que constatan la similitud de conceptos y manifestaciones, el efecto de rebote de los fármacos modernos justifica científicamente el principio de la cura homeopática. Aunque el fenómeno de rebote es un evento adverso estudiado por la farmacología moderna, no es conocido por los profesionales de la atención médica, lo cual priva a los médicos de un conocimiento indispensable para el manejo seguro de los fármacos.

Homeopathy employs the so-called 'principle of similars' as therapeutic method - which consists in administering medicines that cause certain symptoms in healthy individuals to treat similar symptoms in sick individuals (similia similibus curantur) - to induce a secondary and healing reaction by the body against its own disorders. This secondary (vital, homeostatic or paradoxical) reaction of the body is based on the 'rebound effect' of modern drugs, a type of adverse event that occurs following discontinuation of several classes of drugs prescribed according to the 'principle of contraries' (contraria contrariis curantur). Aim: The present review sought to scientifically substantiate the homeopathic healing principle vis-à-vis experimental and clinical pharmacology through a systematic study of the rebound effect of modern drugs or paradoxical reaction of the body. Methods: Employing as reference studies and revisions on the subject published since 1998, we updated the data adding recent studies included in database PubMed. Results: The rebound effect occurs after discontinuation of several classes of drugs with action contrary to the symptoms of diseases, exacerbating them to levels above the ones before treatment. Regardless of disease, drug, dose and duration of treatment, the rebound phenomenon manifests in a small proportion of susceptible individuals. Following the homeopathic premises, modern drugs might also be used according to the principle of therapeutic similitude, thus employing the rebound effect (paradoxical reaction) with curative intent. Conclusions: Evidenced by hundreds of studies that attest to the similarity of concepts and manifestations, the rebound effect of modern drugs scientifically substantiates the principle of homeopathic cure. Although the rebound phenomenon is an adverse event studied by modern pharmacology, it is not known by health care professionals, thus depriving doctors of knowledge indispensable for safe management of drugs.

Homeopatía y la ley de los infinitesimales / Homeopathy and the Law of Infinitesimals

This paper explains the second elementary law of homeopathy, the Law of the Infinitesimals, on the basis of a kinetic model. When a remedy occurs in the human cell of a healthy person and forms a reaction product (simillimum) that induces the finest medical symptoms of an ill person, then remedies entering the cell of the ill person will form identical simillimum molecules and re-establish the initial equilibrium of the healthy state and cure the ill person. However, this will also induce a molecular crowding in the cells of the ill person. For kinetic reasons this will aggravate the re-establishment of the initial equilibrium and consequently worsen or even interrupt the medical treatment. At a low remedy concentration, the molecular crowding becomes negligible while the formation of the simillimum and the re-establishment of the initial equilibrium will take place continuously and cure the person who is ill

Homeopathy and law of Similars

This paper explains the elementary law of homeopathy, the Law of Similars, on the bases of thermodynamic aspects by means of the chemical thermodynamic. Le Chatelier principle was used, to explain the re-establishment of starting biochemical equilibrium compartmentalized in individual human cells of an ill person consuming the remedy, to clarify the Law of Similars. In addition, the application of the Law of mass action during the re-establishment of the initial equilibrium in an ill person when digesting the remedy exposed the law of Similars as the strongest outcome of homeopathy

Fundamentação científica do princípio de cura homeopático na farmacologia moderna / Scientific basis of the homeopathic healing principle in modern pharmacology

INTRODUÇÃO: O modelo homeopático de tratamento utiliza o ‘princípio dos semelhantes’ como método terapêutico, administrando medicamentos que causam determinados sintomas em indivíduos sadios para tratar sintomas semelhantes em indivíduos doentes (similia similibus curantur), com o intuito de despertar uma reação secundária e curativa do organismo contra os seus próprios distúrbios. Essa reação secundária (vital, homeostática ou paradoxal) do organismo está embasada no ‘efeito rebote’ dos fármacos modernos, evento adverso observado após a descontinuação de diversas classes de drogas que utilizam o ‘princípio dos contrários’ (contraria contrariis curantur) como método terapêutico...

INTRODUCTION: Homeopathy employs the so-called ‘principle of similars’as therapeutic method, which consists in administering medicines thatcause certain symptoms in healthy individuals to treat similar symptomsin sick individuals (similia similibus curantur) to arouse a secondaryand healing reaction by the body against its own disorders. Thissecondary (vital, homeostatic or paradoxical) reaction of the body isbased on the ‘rebound effect’ of modern drugs, a type of adverseevent that occurs following discontinuation of several classes of drugsprescribed according to the ‘principle of contraries’ (contraria contrariiscurantur)....

Scientific basis of the homeopathic healing principle in modern harmacology

BACKGROUND: Homeopathy employs the so-called ‘principle of similars’ as therapeutic method - which consists in administering medicines that cause certain symptoms in healthy individuals to treat similar symptoms in sick individuals (similia similibus curantur) - to induce a secondary and healing reaction by the body against its own disorders. This secondary (vital, homeostatic or paradoxical) reaction of the body is based on the ‘rebound effect’ of modern drugs, a type of adverse event that occurs following discontinuation of several classes of drugs prescribed according to the ‘principle of contraries’ (contraria contrariis curantur). AIM: The present review sought to scientifically substantiate the homeopathic healing principle vis-à-vis experimental and clinical pharmacology through a systematic study of the rebound effect of modern drugs or paradoxical reaction of the body. METHODS: Employing as reference studies and revisions on the subject published since 1998, we updated the data adding recent studies included in database PubMed. RESULTS: The rebound effect occurs after discontinuation of several classes of drugs with action contrary to the symptoms of diseases, exacerbating them to levels above the ones before treatment. [...]. Following the homeopathic premises, modern drugs might also be used according to the principle oftherapeutic similitude, thus employing the rebound effect (paradoxical reaction) with curative intent. CONCLUSIONS: Evidenced by hundreds of studies that attest to the similarityof concepts and manifestations, the rebound effect of modern drugs scientifically substantiates the principle of homeopathic cure. Although the rebound phenomenon is anadverse event studied by modern pharmacology, it is not known by health care professionals, thus depriving doctors of knowledge indispensable for safe management of drugs.

Efeito rebote dos fármacos modernos: evento adverso grave desconhecido pelos profissionais da saúde / Rebound effect of modern drugs: Serious adverse event unknown by health professionals

OBJETIVO: Apoiado no aforismo hipocrático primum non nocere, o princípio bioético da não maleficência roga que o ato médico cause o menor dano ou agravo à saúde do paciente, incumbindo ao médico avaliar os riscos de determinada terapêutica por meio do conhecimento dos possíveis eventos adversos das drogas. Dentre esses, o efeito rebote representa um efeito colateral comum a inúmeras classes de fármacos modernos, podendo causar transtornos graves e fatais nos pacientes. Esta revisão tem o objetivo de esclarecer os profissionais da saúde sobre os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos do fenômeno rebote. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica foi realizada na base de dados PubMed utilizando os unitermos 'rebound', 'withdrawal', 'paradoxical', 'acetylsalicylic acid', 'anti-inflammatory', 'bronchodilator', 'antidepressant', 'statin', 'proton pump inhibitor' and 'bisphosphonate' RESULTADOS: O efeito rebote ocorre após a descontinuação de inúmeras classes de fármacos com ação contrária aos distúrbios da doença, exacerbando-os a níveis superiores aos anteriores do tratamento. Independente da doença,dadrogaedaduração do tratamento, o fenômeno se manifesta numa pequena proporção de indivíduos suscetíveis. No entanto, pode causar eventos adversos graves e fatais, devendo ser considerado um problema de saúde pública em vista do enorme consumo de fármacos pela população CONCLUSÃO: Reunindo um corpo de evidências crescente e inquestionável, o médico precisa ter conhecimento das consequências do efeito rebote e de como minimizá-lo, aumentando a segurança no manejo das drogas modernas. Por outro lado, este efeito rebote pode ser utilizado de forma curativa, ampliando o espectro da terapêutica moderna.

OBJECTIVE: Supported in the Hippocratic aphorism primum non nocere, the bioethical principle of non-maleficence pray that the medical act cause the least damage or injury to the health of the patient, leaving it to the doctor to assess the risks of a particular therapy through knowledge of possible adverse events of drugs. Among these, the rebound effect represents a common side effect to numerous classes of modern drugs, may cause serious and fatal disorders in patients. This review aims to clarify the health professionals on clinical and epidemiological aspects of rebound phenomenon. METHODS: A qualitative, exploratory and bibliographic review was held in the PubMed database using the keywords 'rebound', 'withdrawal', 'paradoxical', 'acetylsalicylic acid', 'anti-inflammatory', 'bronchodilator', 'antidepressant', 'statin', 'proton pump inhibitor' and 'bisphosphonate'. RESULTS: The rebound effect occurs after discontinuation of numerous classes of drugs that act contrary to the disease disorders, exacerbating them at levels above those prior to treatment. Regardless of the disease, the drug and duration of treatment, the phenomenon manifests itself in a small proportion of susceptible individuals. However, it may cause serious and fatal adverse events should be considered a public health problem in view of the enormous consumption of drugs by population. CONCLUSION: Bringing together a growing and unquestionable body of evidence, the physician needs to have knowledge of the consequences of the rebound effect and how to minimize it, increasing safety in the management of modern drugs. On the other hand, this rebound can be used in a curative way, broadening the spectrum of the modern therapeutics.

Tratamento homeopático de crianças com úlcera de córnea em escudo por ceratoconjuntivite primaveril: relato de casos e aspectos bioéticos / Homeopathic treatment of children with shield ulcers of the cornea in vernal keratoconjunctivitis: case reports and bioethical dimensions

Apresentar um tratamento homeo-pático de úlcera de córnea por ceratoconjuntivite primaveril, considerando-o bioeticamente. MÉTODOS: foram usados nove casos, encami-nhados por insucesso terapêutico convencional. Escolheram-se os medicamentos de acordo com características singularizantes dos pacientes que incluíram o psiquismo. Levantaram-se os custos medicamentosos consultando-se três farmácias homeopáticas e três não-homeopáticas de Belo Horizonte. O tratamento convencional foi estimado a partir da medicação usada pelos enfermos antes do início dos cuidados homeopáticos. RESULTADOS: as cicatrizações ocorreram entre quinze e cento e oitenta dias, com custo medicamentoso médio de oito dólares, cerca de treze vezes menor do que a estimativa de custo direto de um mês da abordagem convencional. O manejo terapêutico da similitude pode minimizar preocupações bioéticas relativas à atenção à saúde de crianças com ceratoconjuntivite primaveril. CONCLUSÕES: a homeopatia pode colaborar para o tratamento desta enfermidade, aprimorando-o bioeticamente...

Present a homeopathic treatment of corneal ulcers for vernal keratoconjunctivitis and its bioethical implications. METHODS: nine cases were studied, after having been referred following the failure of conventional treatments. Medications were chosen according to the specific characteristics of the patients, including psychiatric disorders. The medication costs were gathered by consulting three homeopathic and three non-homeopathic pharmacies in Belo Horizonte. The estimate for conventional treatment cost was based on the medication prescribed for the patient prior to the commencement of homeopathic care. RESULTS: scarring occurred between fifteen and one-hundred eighty days, with an average medication cost of eight dollars, roughly one-thirteenth of the estimated direct cost of one month of conventional treatment. The similarity of therapeutic approaches should minimize bioethical concerns regarding the medical care of children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. CONCLUSIONS: homeopathy can contribute to both the medical and bioethical aspects of treatment of this disease...