Preliminary study on inversion model of radioactive release source terms / 中国辐射卫生

Objective Based on the monitoring data, Gaussian plume model and optimization algorithm, the inversion model of radioactive release source term was preliminarily studied. Methods By comparing the application conditions and performance of several optimization algorithms, the accuracy of source term inversion results of different algorithms under the same conditions was compared and verified. Results The preliminary study of radioactive release source term inversion model shows that it is feasible to use the least square method to optimize the inversion model based on Gaussian plume. The accuracy of the optimized model is 0.92 times of the measured value for flat terrain, and 1.5 times of the measured value for complex terrain, whose error is relatively large because of the limitation of the model itself. Conclusion The results show that the optimized source term inversion model based on Gaussian plume and least square method can better meet the needs of nuclear accident consequence assessment and emergency decision-making in terms of computational performance and accuracy.

Application Status of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics in Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In recent years, near-infrared spectroscopy has developed into an analytical technique widely used in various fields. Because of its advantages of fast, green and non-destructive, it plays an increasingly prominent role in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) analysis. However, due to the complexity and overlap of spectra, near-infrared spectroscopy needs to be combined with chemometrics for analysis and calculation. The principle, application scope, advantages and limitations of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics are summarized in detail, in addition, their combined applications in the identification of the origin, authenticity, processed products, composition prediction and water content detection of TCM are reviewed. The authors discussed and analyzed the joint application of near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics in the field of TCM analysis, and summarized the unique advantages of the combined technology in the field of TCM, which had certain guiding significance for medical workers to better use this technology.

Quality research of Puerariae Lobatae Radix from different habitats with UPLC fingerprint and determination of multi-component content / 中国中药杂志

To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography( UPLC) fingerprint of Puerariae Lobatae Radix from different habitats and simultaneously determine the contents of six isoflavonoids. The UPLC fingerprint analysis and content determination were performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)( 2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7 μm) chromatographic column,with acetonitrile-0. 05% formic acid as mobile phase for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm; the flow rate was 0. 2 mL·min~(-1); the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 2 μL. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) was adopted; principal component analysis( PCA) and discriminant analysis by partial least square method( PLS-DA) in Simca-P software were used to identify the differential components in samples from three habitats. The similarity was over 0. 90 in 29 batches of samples,indicating good consistency of the samples. The samples were clustered into 3 categories by PCA and PLS-DA,and six differential components such as puerarin apioside,daidzin,and isoflavoues aglycone were found. The determination results of 6 isoflavones,including 3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin,3'-methoxy puerarin,puerarin apioside,daidzin,and isoflavoues aglycone,showed that the content of the same component and the fluctuation range between different components were all different among different habitats. The total content of 6 isoflavones from different regions was Anhui 11. 21% >Henan 10. 97% >Shannxi 9. 38%. The establishment of UPLC fingerprint combined with simultaneous determination of 6 active components provides a more comprehensive reference for quality control and quality evaluation of Puerariae Lobatae Radix.

Rapid Judgement of Blending Endpoint of Jingqi Shuangshen Capsules and Content Determination of Astragaloside Ⅳ by AOTF-NIR / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for rapid judgement of blending endpoint of Jingqi shuangshen capsules and content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ. METHODS:AOTF-NIR combined with principal component analysis and Moving Block Standard Deviation method was used to identify the blending endpoint. First derivative combined with savitzky-golay filter method were used to spectrum pretreatment. The partial least square method was used to establish quantitative analysis model of the content of astragaloside Ⅳin mixed endpoint sample. The content of astragaloside Ⅳ in mixed endpoint sample was determined by HPLC-ELSD to validate the model. RESULTS:Methodology validation of content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in mixed material sample and mixed endpoint sample was in line with the requirements. NIR monitoring results showed that the product reached the blending endpoint after 30 min. The results of NIR monitoring were generally consistent with the results of HPLC-ELSD. The principal component dimension of the quantitative model was 9;determination coefficients was 0.954 9;Root Mean Square of Calibration of the model was 0.039 2;Root Mean Square Error of Prediction of the model was 0.042 6. Predicted average value of astragaloside Ⅳ by NIR was 11.74 mg/g,and measured average value of astragaloside Ⅳ by HPLC-ELSD was 11.38 mg/g;average deviation was 3.16%. CONCLUSIONS:AOTF-NIR can rapidly judge the blending endpoint sample of Jingqi shuangshen capsules,rapidly determine the content of astragalosideⅣin mixed endpoint material,improve the quality control level of blending process and shorten blending cycle.

Rapid Determination of Cryptotanshinone in Salvia miltiorrhiza by AOTF-NIDRS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish rapid method for content determination of cryptotanshinone in Salvia miltiorrhiza. METHODS:The content of cryptotanshinone in sample was determined by HPLC(as reference value). AOTF-NIDRS combined with PLS was used to establish quantitative correction model for the content of cryptotanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza. According to the results of content determination of cryptotanshinone in samples,35 samples of medicinal material were collected. First-order derivative combined with smoothing filter coefficient method was used to pretreat spectrum,and optimal band range for content determination of cryptotanshinone in sample ranged 1 250-2 150 nm. RESULTS:Methodology validation of content determination of cryptotanshinone in sample was in line with the requirements. Correction mean square deviation of quantitative correction model of cryptotanshinone was 0.014 6,and predicted mean square deviation was 0.022 3,coefficient of association was 0.976 6. The internal verification deviation was 2.41% and the external verification deviation was 4.06%. CONCLUSIONS:This method is rapid,accurate,simple and pollution-free.It can be used for rapid content determination of cryptotanshinone in S.miltiorrhiza.

Effects of Temperature on FTIR Spectral Characteristics of Renal Tissue in Rats after Death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyse the Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectral data of renal tissue at different temperatures in rats after death, and to explore the effects of temperature on the FTIR spectral characteristics of renal tissue.@*METHODS@#The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and placed at 4 ℃, 20 ℃ and 30 ℃. The FTIR spectral data of renal tissue were collected at different time points and analysed by data mining method.@*RESULTS@#The principal component analysis （PCA） results showed that there were significant trends of clustering in the samples of partial time point at 4 ℃, 20 ℃ and 30 ℃. Partial least square （PLS） regression models were established with the spectral data at three temperature groups. The performance of PLS regression models in 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ groups were more superior than that in 4 ℃ group, and the stability of the model in 20 ℃ group was better than that in 30 ℃ group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are differences in the FTIR spectral characteristics of renal tissue of rats after death at different temperatures. Temperature has a major impact on the performance of FTIR spectral PLS regression model. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of postmortem interval estimation, the effects of temperature on the model should be considered in the related study by spectral method.

The Analysis of the Accelerated Degradation Test for Protein-type Biological Standard Substances / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a weighted least square method for the accelerated degradation analysis of protein-type biological standard substances.METHODS: A mathematical model was proposed to estimate the parameters of degradation rate constants k at the elevated temperatures based on the Arrhenius or Eyring equation and chemical reaction principles under the suitable assumptions. Hence, it is probably to predict the stability of biological standard at the normal condition by solving the model.RESULTS: According to the experimental data of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interferon α-2a, the preliminary numerical experiments were also performed and the results confirm the reliability of the method in the paper.CONCLUSION: The same methodology may be applied in the pharmaceutical industry where it is necessary to predict the viable shelf-life of biological products.

Rapid Determination of Stilbene Glycoside in Shouwu Pills by Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectro-photometry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the rapid determination of stilbene glycoside in Shouwu pills. METH-ODS:HPLC method was used to determine the content of stilbene glycoside in Shouwu pills(as measured value). The determina-tion was performed on ODS-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(25:75,V/V)at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 320 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. The partial least square method-near infrared diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry was used to establish quantitative calibration model for pre-dicting the content of stilbene glycoside in Shouwu pills. According to measured value,76 calibration set samples and 24 validation set samples were collected. Standard normalization method and first-order derivative method combined with Savitzky-Goly filter method were used for spectrum pretreatment. The optimal band ranged 9000-4150 cm-1,and main component factor was 12. RE-SULTS:The content determination method of stilbene glycoside in Shouwu pills was in line with the requirements. The correlation coefficients,the root-mean-square error of calibration,the root-mean-square error of predication and the root-mean-square error of cross-validation(RMSECV)of the quantitative calibration model were 0.99190,0.0201,0.0236 and 0.07629. There was no sta-tistical significance between predicted value and measured value(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,stable and simple,and can be used for rapid determination of stilbene glycoside in Shouwu pills.

Measurement and discussion of circuit time constants for radiation detectors / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To measure the circuit time constants of 4 kinds of radiation survey meters (451P ionization chamber dosimeter,6150AD6 + 6150AD-b dose meter,FH40G + FHZ672E-10 dose meter and AT1123 dose meter) and,to discuss the formula of time response correction and its application.Methods In the condition of continuous exposure of X-ray machine,the ambient dose equivalent rates shown by survey meters were recorded.In order to get the circuits time constant,the least squares fittingmethod was used to fit the data using the time response formula of circuit having a capacitance C and a resistance R in series.Results The relative uncertainty of fitted circuit time constants was higher than 20％ except for 6150AD6 + 6150AD-b dose meter.The relative uncertainty of fitted r was 8％ for 6150AD6 + 6150AD-b dose meter.Conclusions The time required to stabilize the dosimeter readings was 8,5,3 and 2 s,respectively,for the 451P ionization chamber dosimeter,6150AD6 +6150AD-b dose meter,FH40G + FHZ672E-10 dose meter and AT1123 dose meter.The rising trend of their measured values was not fully accordance with the RC circuit time response correction formula.

Estimation of Pharmacokinetic Parameters Using Nonlinear Fixed Effects One Compartment Open Model.

Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the science of the kinetics of drug absorption, distribution and elimination. Statistical methods are usually used for PK parameter estimation producing nonlinear responses where drug effect mechanism is modeled using compartmental approach. In the present study, PK parameters were estimated with nonlinear fixed effects one compartment open model where drug dose and sampling time are covariates and the plasma drug concentration is dependent variable. The PK parameters namely absorption rate constant (a), elimination rate constant (b) and apparent volume of distribution (V) were estimated using nonlinear least square method for each individual separately and for all individuals collectively with longitudinal or multiple response plasma drug concentration-time data obtained from 24 healthy human volunteers with reference drug product of Atorvastatin. The estimates for combined data were â =0.13±0.13hr-1, 􀜾􀷡 =0.49±0.13hr-1, 􀜸􀷡 =248±0.05L. All the individuals were again stratified into three categories based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and the PK parameters were estimated for each stratum accordingly (stratum-normal: â=0.12±0.17hr-1, 􀜾 􀷠 =0.47±0.17hr-1, 􀜸 􀷠 =250.24±0.07L; stratum-overweight: â =0.15±0.24hr-1, 􀜾􀷡 =0.47±0.25hr-1, 􀜸􀷡 =267.25±0.09L; stratumunderweight: â =0.13±0.13hr-1, 􀜾 􀷠 =0.49±0.13hr-1, 􀜸 􀷠=245±0.05L).

A Estimation Method of Investing Large Medical Equipment’s in the Government Hospitals / 中国卫生经济

The main factor is the number of patients, which predicted by least square method to reduce the deviation. The like equipments located nearby are also considered and the Shared Coefficient is proposed.

Study on P Wave Detection Method Based on Optimal Fitting Function / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To accurately detect ECG P wave,a P wave detection algorithm based on fitting function in the optimal interval is proposed and evaluated in this paper,for resolving very difficult problems.Such as differences of positions and figures in ECG P wave as well as easily suffered diversified interferences.Methods In this algorithm the quadratic function to fit the P wave with least square method in every interval was used,which was shifted in local range.Then the optimal fitting interval of P wave was found by comparing the error of fitting.Finally,the characteristic points of P wave were obtained with the fitting function to fit P wave in the optimal interval.Results The performance of this algorithm tested with the records of the MIT-BIH database was effective and accurate.Conclusion This algorithm on the wide range of heart rate variation and small P wave of ECG P wave detection has good effect.Also it has some capabilities of anti-interference and quite low dismissal probability in particular.

Determination of Three Compenents in Antodine Injection With Partial Least Square Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To determine aminophenazone,phenazone and barbital in antodine injection.METHODS:Taking 0.1mol/L NaOH as solvent,the detection data was caculated with partial least square method.RESULTS:The average recoveries were 99.7% for aminophenazone(RSD=0.67%),99.1% for phenazone(RSD=0.76%) and 99.5% for barbital(RSD=0.72%).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and good in repeatability.