Leisure Time Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome in Mid-Aged and Elderly Korean Women

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders, including increased blood pressure, high blood glucose level, abdominal obesity, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. When these metabolic disorders occur concurrently, the risk for developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke increases. According to Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (KNHANES V), about one in four adults have a metabolic syndrome. The prevalence is even higher in the older, female population. Sedentary lifestyle is one of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that adults aged >18 years perform at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week. This study aimed to examine the association between leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome.METHODS: A total of 3,453 Korean women aged >50 years who participated in KNHANES VI and VII were evaluated. By using the WHO recommendations, the leisure time physical activity levels were divided into three groups as follows: none, insufficient, and sufficient. The National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III was used to define metabolic syndrome.RESULTS: In this study, leisure-time physical activity level and prevalence of metabolic syndrome were inversely related.CONCLUSION: Leisure time physical activity can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. More studies on the types and performance duration of physical activities must be conducted to set an appropriate guideline for the middle-aged and elderly female populations.

Leisure-time physical activity and cardiometabolic risk among children and adolescents / Atividade física de lazer e risco cardiometabólico em crianças e adolescentes

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on cardiometabolic risk by nutritional status in Mexican children and adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 1,309 participants aged between 5 and 17 years. Nutritional status was classified according to the BMI Z-score by age and gender. A previously validated questionnaire was used to evaluate LTPA; a cardiometabolic risk score was calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of LTPA on cardiometabolic risk. RESULTS: After adjusting for risk factors, mild LTPA were positively associated with cardiometabolic risk score (ßMildvsIntenseLTPA: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.18 to 1.18; pfortrend = 0.007). This association became stronger when estimated for overweight (ß MildvsIntenseLTPA: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.24 to 2.24; pfortrend = 0.015) and obese participants (ß MildvsIntenseLTPA: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.07 to 1.97; pfortrend= 0.045) CONCLUSION: Mild LTPA was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Given the emerging childhood obesity epidemic in Mexico, these results may be useful in the design of strategies and programs to increase physical activity levels in order to achieve better health. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da prática de AFL sobre o risco cardiometabólico em crianças e adolescentes mexicanos de acordo com sua situação nutricional. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal feito com 1.309 participantes de cinco a 17 anos. A situação nutricional foi classificada de acordo com o escore z de IMC por idade e sexo. Um questionário validado anteriormente foi usado para avaliar a AFL; foi calculado um escore de risco cardiometabólico. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi feita para avaliar o efeito de AFL sobre o risco cardiometabólico. RESULTADOS: Após o ajuste de acordo com os fatores de risco, a AFL leve foi positivamente associada ao escore de risco cardiometabólico (ßAFLLevexIntensa: 0,68; IC 95%: 0,18 a 1,18; p paratendência = 0,007). Essa associação foi mais intensa quando estimada para participantes acima do peso (ßAFLLevexIntensa: 1,24; IC 95%: 0,24 a 2,24; p paratendência = 0,015) e obesos (ßAFLLevexIntensa: 1,02; IC 95%: 0,07 a 1,97; p paratendência = 0,045). CONCLUSÃO: A AFL leve foi positivamente associada ao escore de risco cardiometabólico em crianças e adolescentes acima do peso e obesos. Considerando a epidemia de obesidade infantil emergente no México, esses resultados poderão ser úteis na elaboração de estratégias e programas para aumentar os níveis de atividade física a fim de obter uma saúde melhor. .

Non-Leisure Time Physical Activity For Adult Malaysian And Determinant Factors

Non-Leisure Time Physical is the main component of physical activity in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to study the associated factors related to Non-Leisure Time Physical (occupational & travel) in Malaysia. This data is from the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey, consisting of 32,575 respondents. It was a cross-sectional study among Malaysian adult, aged 18 years and was conducted using proportional to the size stratified sampling method. Chi square test and logistic regression model were used to analyse the data. The result showed that non-leisure time physical activity (NLTPA) gives more contribution to total physical activity, as compared to leisure time physical activity with percentage of 64.3% and 35.7% respectively. There was a significant association between NLTPA with age (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001), ethnicity (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001), occupation (P < 0.001), income (P < 0.001), marital status (P < 0.001), region (P <0.001) and residence (P < 0.001). The main component of physical activity in Malaysia is NLTPA. Promoting NLTPA may have potential to increase physical activity levels in Malaysia.

Relationship between physical activity and sleep in community-dwelling older adults / 体力科学

This study examined relationships between physical activity and sleep relative to leisure-time, household, and occupational physical activity in community-dwelling, older adults. From 3,000 randomly chosen community-dwelling, adults, aged 65-85 years, we recruited 509 eligible subjects (mean age 73.2 ± 5.1 years). We assessed nocturnal sleep duration, sleep onset latency and subjective sleep quality over the previous month through a questionnaire. Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly was used to assess leisure-time, household, and occupational physical activity. Items pertaining to sleep were expressed as dichotomous variables (good/poor), and each physical activity score was divided into two categories based on activity level. To investigate the relationship between sleep (dependent variable) and physical activity (independent variable), we used a logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, living arrangement, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function. Prolonged sleep latency was significantly related to no participation in low intensity exercise (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.42-3.21) and muscle strength exercise (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.06-3.74). Our data suggest that not participating in low intensity exercise or muscle strength exercise may be associated with difficulty initiating sleep in older adults.

Fatores sociodemográficos associados aos diferentes domínios da atividade física em adultos de etnia negra / Sociodemographic factors associated with different domains of physical activity in adults of black ethnicity

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores sociodemográficos associados aos diferentes domínios da atividade física em adultos de etnia negra. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra de 2.305 adultos negros de 20 a 96 anos de idade, sendo 902 (39,1%) homens, residentes na cidade de Salvador, BA, Brasil. Foram analisadas as variáveis sociodemográficas sexo, idade, escolaridade, nível socioeconômico (NSE), estado civil, discriminação racial no trabalho/escola (DRTE), em ambientes públicos (DRAPU) e privados (DRAPR) e percepção de policiamento (PPB)/violência no bairro (PVB), além da atividade física total (AFT) e em diferentes domínios: tempo livre (AFTL), trabalho (AFTR), deslocamento (AFDL) e doméstico (AFDM). As associações foram analisadas por meio dos testes qui-quadrado, qui-quadrado de tendência e razão de prevalência (RP). Utilizou-se também regressão logística para estimar a razão de chances (RC) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: As proporções de indivíduos ativos foram 39,1% para AFT, 11,2% para AFTL, 9,6% para AFTR, 23,7% para AFDL e 33,7% para AFDM. A AFT associou-se positivamente com escolaridade e inversamente com sexo masculino, idade maior que 60 anos e com não PPB. A AFTL associou-se positivamente com sexo masculino, maior escolaridade e maior NSE. A AFTR associou-se inversamente à idade maior que 60 anos e positivamente com o sexo masculino, maior escolaridade e não PPB. A AFDL associou-se inversamente à idade maior que 60 anos e positivamente ao sexo masculino. A AFDM associou-se inversamente com o sexo masculino, idade maior que 60 anos e não PPB; e positivamente com maior escolaridade e NSE. CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores sociodemográficos, principalmente sexo, idade e escolaridade se mostraram associados aos diferentes domínios da atividade física em adultos de etnia negra.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with different domains of physical activity among adults of black ethnicity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 2,305 black individuals from 20-96 years of age, 902 (39.1%) of which men living in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables analyzed were: gender, age, schooling, socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, racial discrimination at work/school (RDWE), in public (RDPUP) and private (RDPRP) places and perception of police (PPN) /violence in the neighborhood (PVN), as well as total physical activity (TPA) in its different domains: leisure time (LTPA), work (WPA), commuting (CPA) and household activity (HPA). Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests, chi-square trend and prevalence ratio (PR). We also used logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95%confidence interval. RESULTS: The proportions of active individuals were 39.1% for TPA, 11.2% for LTPA, 9.6% for WPA, 23.7% for CPA and 33.7% for HPA. TPA was positively associated with higher schooling and inversely associated with male gender, age over 60 years and with no PPN. LTPA was positively associated with male gender, higher schooling and higher SES. WPA was inversely associated with age over 60 years and positively associated with male gender, higher schooling and no PPN. CPA was inversely associated with age over 60 years and positively associated with male gender. HPA was inversely associated with male gender, age over 60 years and no PPN and positively associated with higher schooling and SES. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic factors, particularly gender, age and schooling were associated with different domains of physical activity among adults of black ethnicity.

Fatores sociodemográficos e atividade física de lazer entre homens e mulheres de Duque de Caxias/RJ / Socio-demographic factors and leisure-time physical activity among men and women of Duque de Caxias / RJ

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar prevalência, atividades praticadas no tempo destinado ao lazer (AFL) e suas variáveis associadas, entre gêneros, em Duque de Caxias/Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, composto por 1246 adultos. Durante as visitas domiciliares foram aplicados questionários avaliando a prática de AFL, fatores sociodemográficos e medidas antropométricas. RESULTADOS: A inatividade física foi elevada (70 por cento) (p-valor <0,001) sendo os homens mais ativos (43,3 por cento) que as mulheres (20 por cento) (p-valor < 0,0001). Homens praticaram significativamente mais AFL competitivas e do universo masculino. Tomar conta de crianças foi um fator que aumentou a chance dos homens se engajarem em AFL (OR=2,75, p-valor=0,034), enquanto que entre as mulheres, aquelas que dispendiam menos tempo em atividades domésticas (OR=0,99, p-valor=0,016), não fumavam (OR=2,63, p-valor=0,039) e que apresentavam maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal (OR=2,72, p-valor=0,023), tinham mais chance de praticarem AFL. CONCLUSÃO Conclui-se que homens repetiram modelo de escolhas de AFL consideradas masculinas. Fatores sócio-demográficos e medidas antropométricas se associaram com AFL de forma diferente entre gêneros.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and associated variables in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), by gender, in Duque de Caxias/Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study with 1,246 adults. During home visits, questionnaires were applied on LTPA, socio-demographic factors and anthropometric examinations were performed. RESULTS: Physical inactivity was high (70 percent) (p-value <0001) and men were more active (43.3 percent) than women (20 percent) (p-value <0.0001). Men practiced significantly more competitive and male-associated LTPA. Taking care of children was a factor that increased the likelihood of men engaging in LTPA (OR = 2.75, p-value = 0.034), whereas among women, those who spent less time on domestic activities (OR = 0.99, p-value = 0.016), did not smoke (OR = 2.63, p-value = 0.039) and had greater accumulation of abdominal fat (OR = 2.72, p -value = 0.023), practiced LTPA. CONCLUSION: Men chose LTPAs considered masculine. Socio-demographic and anthropometric measures had different associations with LTPA between the genders.

Nível de atividade física no lazer dos professores de educação física do ensino básico / Leisure time physical activity level of primary and secondary school physical education teachers

Introdução: Estimar o nível de atividade física é importante para o planejamento de intervenções, no entanto há poucos trabalhos que investigam o comportamento de professores neste aspecto. Objetivo: verificar, através de um estudo transversal, o nível de atividade física no lazer dos professores de educação física do ensino básico que atuam na zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas - RS. Método: estudo de caráter censitário, que utilizou o IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnarie) longo para verificação do nível de atividade física no lazer destes profissionais. Resultados: 188 professores responderam o questionário, 61,3% do sexo feminino, 55,4% concluíram pós-graduação e 56,4% foram classificados como ativos no lazer. O nível de atividade física no lazer, na análise ajustada, apresentou associação inversa com tabagismo (p=0,04) e direta com autopercepção de saúde (p=0,001). Conclusão: os professores apresentaram um nível de atividade física no lazer superior aos encontrados na população de Pelotas e não demonstraram os mesmos fatores de risco para inatividade física que a população em geral

Introduction: To estimate the level of physical activity is important for planning interventions, however there are few studies that investigate the teacherïs behavior in this aspect. Objective: the aim of this study was to verify, through a cross-sectional study, the level of physical activity of primary school and high school physical education teachers working in the urban area of the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Method: a census study, using the IPAQ long to check the level of physical activity in the leisure of these professionals. Results: 188 teachers answered the questionnaire, 61.3% females, 55.4% completed post graduation studies and 56.4% were classified as active in leisure-time. The level of physical activity during leisure time, in the adjusted analysis, presented inverse association with smoking (p=0.04) and direct with health?s self-perception (p=0.001). Conclusion: The teachers presented a level of leisure time physical activity considered higher than those found in the population of Pelotas and have not shown the same risk factors for physical inactivity when compared with the population in general

Leisure Time Physical Activity of People with Spinal Cord Injury: Mainly with Clubs of Spinal Cord Injury Patients in Busan-Kyeongnam, Korea

OBJECTIVE: To estimate hours of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) performed by people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and to identify the demographic and injury-related characteristics associated with LTPA of people with chronic SCI. METHOD: Seventy nine persons with SCI living in Busan and Gyongsangnam-do were recruited. They completed a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of items about personal characteristics, type of LTPA, hours of LTPA, LTPA intensity, and LTPA satisfaction. RESULTS: Most participants (92.4%) did not work. The respondents reported a daily mean of 3.13 hours (+/-1.47) of LTPA; however, 3.8% reported no LTPA whatsoever. Years post-injury, income sources, and type of medical payment emerged as a predictors of LTPA. Years post-injury were positively correlated with amount of leisure activity. In the case of self income, LTPA was longer than for groups with different income sources (e.g.partner, parents). For patients receiving workers' compensation insurance, LTPA was longer than for patients receiving non-WC insurance. Most LTPA was done at a moderate intensity. The three most frequently reported types of LTPA were wheeling (26%), sports (19%), and stretching exercise (15%). There was overall dissatisfaction with LTPA. CONCLUSION: Daily LTPA hours were longer than previously reported, but wheeling accounted for a large part of the activity. Intensity of activity was generally moderate. The employment rate was very low. Clearly, participating in regular LTPA for health purposes is very important to people with chronic SCI, but it is also important for them to have jobs.

Does leisure-time physical activity in early adulthood predict later physical activity? Pro-Saude Study / Atividade física de lazer no início da vida adulta prediz a atividade física posterior? Estudo Pró-Saúde

INTRODUCTION: Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) is a health behavior that is considered relatively stable over the course of life; this life-long habit seems to be shaped during youth and early adulthood. LTPA is one of the few healthy behaviors more prevalent among men than among women. METHODS:Data from 3,199 participants of the Pro-Saude Study were analyzed - a cohort of employees of a university in Rio de Janeiro, collected with a self-reported multidimensional questionnaire. The association between LTPA in early adulthood and later was investigated using multinomial logistic regression, with estimated odds ratios (OR), considering three outcome categories: inactive, insufficiently active, and active. Past LTPA was grouped into three categories: never/rarely (reference category), sometimes and frequently/always. Estimates were adjusted for: age; participants' schooling, their father's and mother's schooling, and color/race. RESULTS:Analysis shows men who engaged in LTPA sometimes and almost always/always in early adulthood had an OR= 1.42 (95 percent CI: 0.70-2.89) and OR= 3.33 (95 percent CI: 1.82-6.10), respectively, of being physically active in later adulthood than those who did not engage in LTPA. Among women, the corresponding odds ratios were lower: OR = 1.19 (95 percent CI: 0.79-1.79) and OR =1.42 (95 percent CI: 1.00-2.04). CONCLUSION:LTPA during early adulthood is associated with physical activity later in adulthood, and this association is stronger in men than in women. Public policies that encourage LTPA among youth, with specific efforts directed at women, could increase the proportion of physically active adults.

INTRODUÇÃO: Atividade física é um comportamento de saúde relativamente estável, em geral determinado no início da vida adulta. Atividade física de lazer (AFL) é um dos poucos comportamentos benéficos à saúde mais prevalente entre homens que entre mulheres. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de 3.199 participantes do Estudo Pró-Saúde - coorte de funcionários de universidade no Rio de Janeiro, coletados por meio de questionário multidimensional e autopreenchível. A associação entre AFL no início da vida adulta e posteriormente foi analisada com uso de regressão logística multinomial, com estimativas de razões de chance (odds ratio) e seus respectivos intervalos de 95 por cento de confiança considerando três categorias de desfecho: sedentários, insuficientemente ativos e ativos. AFL pregressa foi agrupada em 3 categorias: nunca/raramente (categoria de referência), às vezes, quase sempre/sempre. Estimativas foram ajustadas por idade, escolaridade, escolaridade dos pais e cor/raça. RESULTADOS:Homens que se engajavam em AFL às vezes e quase sempre/sempre no início da vida adulta tiveram, respectivamente, OR = 1,42 (IC 95 por cento: 0,70-2,89) e OR = 3,33 (IC 95 por cento: 1,82-6,10) de ser fisicamente ativos em idade posterior do que os sedentários. Entre as mulheres, os odds ratios foram menores: OR = 1,19 (IC 95 por cento: 0,79-1,79) e OR =1,42 (IC 95 por cento: 1,00-2,04). CONCLUSÃO:A prática de AFL durante o início da vida adulta apresentou associação com atividade física posterior, e essa associação foi mais expressiva em homens do que em mulheres. Políticas públicas que encorajem a AFL entre os jovens, com esforços específicos direcionados às mulheres, poderiam aumentar a proporção de adultos fisicamente ativos.

Associação entre inatividade física no tempo livre e internações hospitalares em adultos na cidade de Salvador-Brasil / Association between leisure-time physical inactivity and hospital care in adult in the city of Salvador-Brasil

As internações hospitalares representam uma importante fonte de gastos para o sistema de saúde. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi verificar a associação entre a inatividade física no tempo livre (IFTL) e IHTC (internações hospitalares por todas as causas), por problemas cardíacos (IHPC) e por diabetes (IHD) em adultos, na cidade de Salvador-Brasil. O estudo foi transversal, em amostra composta de 2290 adultos ≥ 20 anos de idade, sendo 1021 (44,6%) homens. Foram considerados como IFTL aqueles que informaram não participar de atividades físicas nos momentos de lazer, enquanto que internações hospitalares foram auto-referidas. Utilizou-se análise de regressão logística para estimar a odds ratio (OR) entre IFTL, IHTC, IHPC e IHD com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Após análise multivariada, encontrou-se associação entre IFTL, IHTC, IHPC e IHD em homens, enquanto que entre as mulheres observou-se associação apenas entre IFTL e IHD. Os resultados deste estudo são importantes para a saúde pública, à medida que podem ser utilizados para gerenciar programas de incentivo à prática de atividades físicas na perspectiva de prevenção das internações hospitalares e, conseqüentemente, redução de gastos para o sistema de saúde.

Hospital inpatient care is a significant source of expense for the healthcare system. In this study the objective was to verify the existence of an association between physical inactivity during free time (IFTL) and IHTC (hospital admissions for whatever cause), due to cardiac problems (IHPC) and diabetes (IHD) in adults in the city of Salvador in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study of a sample of 2290 adults ≥ 20 years of age, 1021 (44.6%) being men. Subjects were defined as IFTL if they stated that they did not take part in physical activity during leisure time, while hospital admissions were self-reported. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) between IFTL, IHTC, IHPC and IHD to a confidence interval of 95%. Multivariate analysis was then applied and detected an association between IFTL, IHTC, IHPC and IHD in men, while among the women there was only an association between IFTL and IHD. The results of this study are of importance for public health, to the extent that they could be used to facilitate the management of programs to encourage participation in physical activities with a view to preventing hospital admissions and consequently to reducing the costs to the health system.

Leisure Time Physical Activities among Adult Attendees at a Primary Health Care Clinic

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the leisure-time physical activities of adult attendees in a rural health clinic in July 2002. Methods: Simple random sampling method of the clinic register was used. Data was collected via a face-to-face interview using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: A majority (73%) of these attendees performed leisure-time physical activity. The majority were between 20 to 29 years (p0.05), Kadazan, Iban and Orang Asli (p>0.05), had attained tertiary education (p0.05). They were also fee from chronic illnesses. The most common activities were walking, aerobic dancing and gardening. Physical and mental wellness, advice from doctor and support from family and friends were the reasons for performing these activities. The reasons for not performing leisure physical activity were (i) being too busy, (ii) already active at workplace, and (iii) being unwell. Conclusions: Sustained community interventions in the community couldd prove useful to encourage individuals to carry out leisure-time physical activities.

Nationwide Telephone Survey on Leisure Time Physical Activity among Koreans / 한국역학회지

Epidemiologic research has demonstrated that varying grade of physical activity has protective effects on several chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteporosis, anxiety and depression. Despite the importance of physical activity as an health promotion factor, there have been only a few research data available in Korea. This telephone interview survey on randomly sampled 1,060 adultsaged 15-69 years was carried out to find out the prevalence of self-reported leisure-time physical activity among Korean adults in terms of health promotion practice. The nationwide telephone interview survey was conducted from April through May 1997. Multistage stratified random sampling method was used for sample selection, the respondent was randomly selected from an entire group of adults who lived at the residence connected with the telephone number. A total of 1,060 adults were interviewed and the interviewees' leisure-time physical activity was categorized into four patterns: 'physically inactive', 'irregularly active', 'regularly active, not intensive', and 'regularly active, intensive'. About 53% of the respondents were physically inactive, 15% irregularly active, 14% regularly active, and only 18% were regularly active, intensive. Women were less active than men anc persons of lower socioeconomic status(SES) were less active than higher SES. Physical activity was not significantly associated with smoking status, drinking pattern and overweight, but negatively associated with daily smoking amount and total duration of smoking in smokers. Individuals with higher lever of physical activity were more likely to check blood pressure regularly and have had screening examination for stomach cancer. Conclusively, the proportion of Korean people who perform appropriate level of physical activity in terms of health promotion is still very low, thus an enforced intervention program becomes indispensable to achieve the national health goal by the year 2000.

Physical Fitness, Leisure Time Physical Activity, and Serum Lipid Levels in Middle-Aged Male Workers / 예방의학회지

This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationships between physical fitness, leisure time physical activity, and serum lipid levels in middle-aged male workers. Physical fitness was measured by a step test score, and leisure time physical activity was self-reported on a questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol was negatively related to physical fitness(r=-0.27), and positively to obesity index(r=0.27). But leisure time physical activity was related to total cholesterol negatively(r.-0.20) only in subjects whose total cholesterol levels were above 170mg/dl. High density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol was positively related to physical faintness(r=0.15), negatively to obesity index(r=-0.22), and positively to weekly alcohol consumption(r=0.14). Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was related to physical fitness(r=-0.23), obesity index(r=0.32), total cigarette index (r=0.13), weekly alcohol consumption(r=-0.13), and vegetable preference(r=0.13) physical fitness was also related to leisure time physical activity(r=0.19) and obesity index(r=-0.18). In multiple linear regression models, physical fitness(beta= -0.23) and obesity index(beta=0.18) were significantly associated with total cholesterol, obesity index(beta=-0.25) with HDL cholesterol, and obesity index(beta=0.30), physical fitness(beta= -0.16) and vegetable preference (beta=0.14) with total cholesterol HDL cholesterol ratio. In conclusion, as physical fitness has a stronger relationship with serum lipid levels than leisure time physical activity, and the association between physical fitness and leisure time physical activity is modest, physical fitness should be added as an important variable in addition to activity in future epidemiologic studies.

Leisure time physical activity and its relationship to coronary risk factors in male workers / 예방의학회지

This study was attempted to observe leisure time physical activity pattern and its relationship to coronary risk factors(BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar). Subjects participated in this study were 277 adult male workers of an industry in Kyungpook province, Korea. Energy expenditure were measured using modified Physical Activity History questionnaire of CARDIA study by interviewing. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar level were tested with 5 ml fasting blood and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Data on smoking and drinking habits and others were obtained. Geometric mean of leisure time physical energy expenditure were estimated as 212.80 kcal per week for study subjects and only 22.4% of them expended 2,000 kcal or more per week in leisure time physical activity. Taking walks or hikes and jogging or running were more frequent leisure time physical activities in study subjects. Statistically significant mean differences in total weekly leisure time physical activity for all coronary risk factors were not found among three groups. Because energy expenditure of leisure time was generally low in this subjects and most of them were healthy men, we did not found that leisure time physical activity was significantly associated with coronary risk factors.