Democracia e dependência no Brasil: notas sobre um naufrágio anunciado / Democracy and dependence in Brazil: notes on an announced shipwreck

O artigo realiza uma reflexão sobre a democracia brasileira tendo em conta a situação de dependência do país, valendo-se, para tanto, de revisão bibliográfica e de análise de fontes primárias. A Teoria Marxista da Dependência foi a base teórica central eleita para a análise proposta. Na sociabilidade capitalista, a ideia da democracia revela uma contradição inescapável e sistêmica, pois os direitos não podem servir a desígnios diametralmente opostos. Esse quadro, que assume contornos cada vez mais dramáticos neste início de século XXI, mesmo no centro do sistema capitalista, é radicalizado no sul global empobrecido, evidenciando uma relação de unidade, mas, ao mesmo tempo, de antagonismo, estabelecida entre as economias dos países centrais e as dos países periféricos

The article reflects on Brazilian democracy taking into account the country's situation of economic dependence, using, for this purpose, a bibliographical review and analysis of primary sources. The Marxist Dependency Theory was the central theoretical basis chosen for the proposed analysis. In capitalist sociability, the idea of democracy reveals an inescapable and systemic contradiction, as rights cannot serve diametrically opposed purposes. This situation, which takes on increasingly dramatic contours at the beginning of the 21st century, even in the center of the capitalist system, is radicalized in situations where socalled economic dependence takes shape, in the impoverished global south

Practice and exploration of the interdisciplinary collaboration in medicine, science, engineering and liberal art of a university affiliated hospital based on bibliometric analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Through the statistics and comparison of SCI papers jointly published by the hospital investigators and university scholars, this paper aims to provide a reference for the next step of interdisciplinary research cooperation in ″medicine, science, engineering and liberal art″.Methods:The collaborative SCI papers were searched from the Science Citation Index expanded (SCIE) database, basic information of the cooperative papers were collected. Taking into consideration of the time spots that 3 years before (2015-2017) and after (2018-2020) when the hospital became affiliated to the university. The number of the paper, paper quality, author's basic information, hospital disciplines and the distribution of department/unit in the university were analyzed.Results:The number of the collaborative papers has increased from 23 to 131. There are statistical significance in both the personnel situations and the qualifications to supervise postgraduate students of the authors. The number of the related hospital departments has increased from 7 to 22, and the number of the universities′ unit increased from 3 to 10.Conclusions:After becoming the university affiliated hospital, the interdisciplinary collaborations in medicine, science, engineering and liberal art have already made some achievements, the breadth and depth of cooperation have been continuously expanded, which is related to the various policies implemented by the hospital and the advantages of interdisciplinary collaboration in resource sharing.

Development of practical liberal courses for students with non-biology majors under the "Double First-class" background / 生物工程学报

Life sciences are the disciplines most closely related with human beings. As experimental disciplines, life sciences develop rapidly and highly intersect in many scientific fields. Under the "double first-class" initiative, the comprehensive development-oriented talent training system has put forward an urgent need for life sciences literacy and comprehensive ability training of college students. Taking the reform of liberal education curriculum system as an opportunity, we developed a series of eight life sciences practical liberal courses for students with non-biology majors. The courses cover all sub-disciplines or directions of life sciences, and aim to foster interdisciplinary talents with life sciences knowledge and literacy, as well as practical and innovative abilities. These courses could serve as references for experimental teaching centers in colleges and universities to set up practical liberal and experimental courses.

Exploration and practice of blended teaching in "Introduction to Life Sciences" for non-biology students / 生物工程学报

In the era of Internet +, teaching models in universities are undergoing changes due to the rapid development of information technology. Blended teaching, combining online with offline teaching, is being implemented and developed in universities. In order to reform teaching mode and improve teaching effect, the curriculum team carried out the exploration of blended teaching reform for the "Introduction to Life Sciences" for non-biology students. The course combined high-level MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), small class teaching, diversified platform and multi-dimensional teaching mode, built a multi-disciplinary collaborative teaching team, formed a multi-dimensional evaluation system focusing on process and ability, practiced the education concept of combining knowledge teaching and value leading, gained valuable practical experience, and achieved the expected teaching results. It can provide reference for the reform and construction of similar courses in other colleges and universities. The development of blended teaching expands the breadth and depth of teaching, stimulates students' interest and potential for learning, opens up students' thinking and perspective, cultivates students' scientific literacy and comprehensive ability, and plays a positive role in the cultivation of innovative and inter-disciplinary talents.

Emphasis of Liberal Art Education on Not to Transform Plasticity-brain to Medicine-specific Brain / 医学教育

The author emphasizes the importance of liberal arts education in the medical school curriculum to prepare for the coming AI era when the medical practice undergoes drastic changes. The implementation of AI results in the gift of time and the gift of labor in medicine, which we can use to create time for liberal art education. New graduate doctors should be skillful in their current medical practice and flexible to coming changes. They should also contribute to public opinion about medicine.

Perceptions of Spanish nurses on economic crisis and the impacts on health care system / Percepciones de enfermeras españolas acerca de la crisis económica y sus impactos en el sistema sanitario / Percepções de enfermeiras espanholas sobre a crise econômica e os impactos no sistema de saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the perceptions of Spanish nurses regarding the country's economic crisis situation, and its impacts on nursing work, health system and population's health. Methods: qualitative approach, with data collection using an internet-based questionnaire and individual in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed according to Thematic-Categorical Content Analysis, supported by Historical and Dialectical Materialism perspective. Results: the categories produced discuss themes as: cutbacks in health care and the consequences of workforce non-replacement and work overload; salary impact; care model changes; negative impacts on population health. The impact on population health and work was discussed, especially regarding vulnerable groups, as well as in assistance model reconfiguration, reinforcing the biomedical and assistance perspective.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las percepciones de las enfermeras españolas en cuanto a la coyuntura de crisis económica vivenciada por el país y sus impactos en el trabajo, en el sistema de salud y en la salud de la población. Métodos: enfoque cualitativo, con recolección de datos por medio de un cuestionario publicado en Internet y a partir de entrevistas individuales en profundidad. Los datos fueron analizados con base en el Análisis de Contenido Temático-Categorial, con suporte teórico del Materialismo Histórico y Dialético. Resultados: las categorías discuten temas como: los cortes financieros y sus impactos de no-reposición de la fuerza de trabajo, sobrecarga de trabajo, impacto salarial y en las plazas de trabajo; énfasis en un modelo asistencial biomedico; impactos negativos en la salud de la población. Se discutieron los impactos en el trabajo y la salud de la población, sobre todo en los grupos vulnerables, así como en la reconfiguración del modelo asistencial, reforzando la perspectiva biomédica y asistencial. Consideraciones finales: la perspectiva de la enfermería española apunta hacia el agravamiento de las políticas liberales y su expresión en la salud, y para el papel de la enfermería en los sistemas universales de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as perceções de enfermeiras espanholas quanto à conjuntura de crise econômica e seus impactos no trabalho, no sistema de saúde e na saúde da população. Método: abordagem qualitativa; coleta de dados por questionário publicado na internet e em entrevistas individuais. Análise com base na Análise de Conteúdo Temático-Categorial, apoiada pela perspectiva teórica do materialismo histórico-dialético. Resultados: as categorias produzidas abordam temas como: cortes financeiros e seus impactos de não reposição da força de trabalho, sobrecarga de trabalho, impacto salarial e na oferta de emprego; ênfase em um modelo de saúde biomédico; impactos negativos na saúde da população. Discussão: destacam-se impactos no trabalho e na saúde, sobretudo nos grupos vulneráveis, assim como sobre o modelo assistencial reforçando a perspectiva biomédica. Considerações finais: as percepções da enfermagem espanhola apontam para o acirramento das políticas liberais e sua expressão na saúde e para o papel da enfermagem nos sistemas de saúde.

Transformações do capitalismo e formação do indivíduo: contribuições da Escola de Frankfurt na análise das eleições presidenciais nos EUA e Brasil / Capitalism's transformations and individual's formation: contributions of the Frankfurt School in the analysis of the presidential elections in the USA and Brazil

O artigo teve como referencial teórico as contribuições dos autores da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt. Ele visa apresentar, em termos gerais, as alterações que ocorreram no capitalismo nos séculos XIX e XX e os impactos delas na formação do indivíduo - ainda percebidos na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, são apresentadas características do capitalismo liberal e monopolista, assim como da ideologia produzida por tais configurações desse sistema produtivo. A partir disso, é destacado como tais elementos incidem na formação do indivíduo e como há alterações em sua função social: da oposição para a adesão. Para tanto, são analisados alguns fenômenos psicossociais ocorridos nas últimas eleições presidenciais nos EUA e no Brasil. Se algumas proposições da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt se tornam anacrônicas, quanto aos meios, as contribuições a respeito da manipulação da massa se tornam extremamente atuais. A redução de indivíduos a algoritmos, passíveis de manipulação, demonstra a falência do modelo de individualidade burguês. Longe de ser uma referência nostálgica ao modelo liberal de indivíduo, o artigo visa demonstrar as contradições da formação do indivíduo na contemporaneidade.(AU)

This paper has as theoretical reference the contributions of the authors of the first generation of the Frankfurt School. It aims to present the changes occurred in capitalism in the XIX and XX centuries and their impact in individual's formation - still noticed nowadays. Therefore, characteristics of the liberal and monopoly capitalism are presented, as well as the ideology produced by such configurations of the production system. From this, it is highlighted as these elements affect the formation of the individual and how there are changes in its social function: opposition to adhesion. In order to do so, it has been analyzed some psychosocial phenomena that occurred in the last presidential elections in the USA and Brazil. If some propositions of the first generation of the Frankfurt School become anachronistic, as to the means, the contributions regarding mass manipulation become extremely actual. The reduction of individuals to algorithms demonstrates the bankruptcy of the model of bourgeois individuality. Far from being a nostalgic reference to the liberal model of individual, the article aims to demonstrate its contradictions in the contemporary world.(AU)

Políticas sociales en los años de centenario y filantropía en clase de género: la sociedad de beneficencia / Social Policies in the Centennial Years and Philanthropy in Terms of Gender: The Charitable Society

El presente trabajo aborda el nacimiento de las políticas sociales en Argentina, en un período histórico que abarca aproximadamente desde 1880 hasta el advenimiento del primer gobierno radical de Hipólito Yrigoyen. Para ello, describe el modelo de Estado instituido en Argentina por esos años, las políticas concebidas en ese modelo de un universo de asistencia y las instituciones de la época que llevaron adelante intervenciones concretas respecto del universo social. Dentro del conjunto de instituciones forjadas en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX, como forma de respuesta a las tensiones sociales crecientes y como producto de variados factores políticos, sociales, económicos y culturales, interesa abordar el papel de la Sociedad de Beneficencia de Buenos Aires: la labor realizada por este grupo de mujeres de los sectores dominantes y sus campos de intervención, que incluyeron la creación y el gerenciamiento de establecimientos de salud y salud mental (lo que constituye un antecedente en la gestión de lo público, ámbito que por aquellos años estaba reservado a la participación de los hombres de las clases dirigentes). El accionar inédito de estas mujeres irrumpió en la escena de lo público y retrospectivamente puede habilitar a una mirada con perspectiva de género.

Survey of Students’ Attitudes Toward Identifying Diseases That Can Be Effectively Prevented Using Genetic Analysis and the Effect of the Act of Answering a Multiple-Choice Questionnaire on the Improvement in the Knowledge of Disease Prevention / 社会薬学

A survey of pharmacy students’ and liberal arts students’ attitudes toward identifying diseases that can be effectively prevented using genetic analysis was performed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. We defined the diseases that can be prevented using genetic analysis and found that, for these diseases, the rate of selecting “do nothing” by people with disease-related genes was significantly lower than that of people for whom the genetic influence was unknown. We found that the nine conditions that we investigated (i.e., obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypocholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, cancer, and liver disease) are diseases that can be effectively prevented using genetic analysis for all students. We also observed that the most common answer for disease prevention was related to dietary changes (including drinking restrictions). In conclusion, through our unique questionnaire, we identified various diseases that can be effectively prevented using genetic analysis. However, it was found that the act of answering a multiple-choice questionnaire does not improve knowledge of disease prevention measures. Therefore, we propose that, after the questionnaire, it is important to distribute written material that explains the cause of life-style-related diseases and their prevention in order to foster knowledge about disease prevention.

Alterações na formação do indivíduo na passagem do capitalismo liberal para o monopolista: o anacronismo da psicanálise freudiana à luz da teoria crítica da sociedade / Alterations in the individual's formation in the transition of liberal capitalism to monopoly capitalism: the anachronism of freudian psychoanalysis in the light of the critical theory of society / os cambios en la formación del individuo en el paso del capitalismo liberal al capitalismo monopolista: el anacronismo del psicoanálisis freudiano a la luz de la teoría crítica de la sociedad

Este artigo tem como referencial teórico a teoria crítica da sociedade proposta pela primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt, especialmente as contribuições de T. W. Adorno e H. Marcuse, e tem como objetivo discutir as alterações da formação do indivíduo na passagem do capitalismo liberal para o monopolista. Para tanto, a psicanálise freudiana é utilizada como instrumento para ilustrar como as profundas mudanças econômicas, sociais e culturais impactaram a formação do indivíduo, apontando para a fragilização destes, levando ao favorecimento da adesão a movimentos de massas e totalitários. O anacronismo da psicanálise, portanto, não se refere ao envelhecimento dessa teoria, apesar de seus elementos ideológicos, mas para demonstrar o quanto o progresso se tornou em regressão nas transformações do capitalismo.

The theoretical framework of this paper is the critical theory of society proposed by the first generation of the Frankfurt School, especially the contributions of T. W. Adorno and H. Marcuse. It aims to discuss the changes in the formation of the individual in the transition of liberal capitalism into monopoly capitalism. Therefore, Freudian psychoanalysis is used as a tool to illustrate the way profound economic, social and cultural changes affected the formation of the individual pointing to their weakening, favoring the adhesion to movements of masses and totalitarianism. The anachronism of psychoanalysis, therefore, does not refer to the aging of this theory, despite its ideological elements, but it shows how progress has turned into regression in the capitalism transformations.

Este artículo tiene como referencial teórico la teoría crítica de la sociedad propuesta por la primera generación de la Escuela de Frankfurt, especialmente las contribuciones de T. W. Adorno y H. Marcuse y tiene como objetivo discutir los cambios en la formación del individuo en el paso del capitalismo liberal al monopolista. Para eso, el psicoanálisis freudiano se emplea como una herramienta para ilustrar cómo los profundos cambios económicos, sociales y culturales afectaron a la formación del individuo, señalando un debilitamiento de éstos, lo que lleva a lo favorecimiento de la adhesión a movimientos de masas y totalitarios. El anacronismo del psicoanálisis, por lo tanto, no se refiere al envejecimiento de esta teoría, a pesar de sus elementos ideológicos, sino a demostrar cuanto el progreso se convirtió en regresión en las transformaciones del capitalismo.

Meta-analysis on the influence of perioperative blood transfusion strategies on prognosis of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective Using meta-analysis method to compare the effect of liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies on the prognosis of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery,and to provide evidence for evidence-based medicine.Methods By using the Cochrane system evaluation method,the database of Chinese and foreign countries,Chinese biomedical literature database,Chinese journal full-text database and so on were searched by computer.To search the literature from 1970 to 2018,and to collect clinical randomized controlled trials on blood transfusion strategy and prognosis in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.According to the evaluation method of Cochrane system,the effective data extracted is analyzed by meta with RevMan5.3 software.Results A total of 2 863 patients were included in 9 studies.Meta-analysis results showed that the death toll on 30 days after operation (RR value:1.02,95 ％ CI:0.79-1.32,I2 =2％,P =0.86),acute renal damage,infection,acute renal injury,pulmonary complications and hospital stay time were no statistical difference,but ICU retention time(RR value:-33.35,95％ CI:-61.7-1.01,I2 =38％,P =0.04) in the restrictive transfusion policy group was significantly lower than that of liberal blood transfusion strategy group.Conclusion The use of liberal or restrictive blood transfusion strategy in adult cardiac surgery has no significant impact on the prognosis and complications,but it can reduce the retention time of ICU after operation and significantly reduce the use of blood products and medical costs.

O desafio do atendimento à criança rural no canadá / The challenge of rural childcare in canada

RESUMO: No Canadá, o atendimento à infância é pouco desenvolvido, apesar de o país ser uma federação rica. Ao contrário de muitas políticas sociais bem desenvolvidas, os serviços de atendimento à infância são principalmente ofertados por meio de mercados voluntários, comerciais ou sem fins lucrativos, em vez de iniciativas governamentais. Essa estrutura política desfavorece todas as crianças e famílias e tem consequências severas, particularmente para canadenses de áreas rurais, remotas e do norte do país. Este artigo fornece uma visão geral dos servidos de atenção à infância fora das cidades, considerando (a) como o sistema político canadense de federalismo e (b) sua arquitetura política liberal de bem-estar social trabalham contra a alta qualidade e equidade dos serviços.

ABSTRACT: Childcare is underdeveloped in Canada even though the country is a rich federation. Unlike many better-developed social policies, childcare services are delivered primarily through voluntary, non-profit or commercial markets rather than by governments. This policy framework is disadvantageous for all children and families, and has particularly severe consequences for rural, remote and northern Canadians. This article provides an overview of childcare services outside of towns and cities, considering how Canada's political system of federalism and its liberal social welfare policy architecture work against high quality and equitable childcare services.

Obsolescencia de las referencias citadas: un mito académico persistente en la investigación universitaria venezolana

Este artículo analiza un mito que afecta el desarrollo de las investigaciones en el medio universitario venezolano, específicamente en las áreas de Ciencias Sociales y humanidades. Se refiere a la creencia de tutores y tesistas sobre la obsolescencia o desactualización de las referencias citadas luego de 5 años de su publicación. Con base en un enfoque cuantitativo, se realizó una investigación documental y de campo, en la que fueron encuestados 160 sujetos: 90 tesistas y 70 tutores de pregrado y postgrado en carreras del ámbito social y humanístico, pertenecientes a instituciones universitarias públicas y privadas de Venezuela. Los resultados estadísticos reflejan que la mayoría de los encuestados expresa que las referencias citadas deben haber sido publicadas en los últimos 5 años. Sin embargo, al ser consultados sobre el porqué o acerca de la existencia de una norma, estos manifestaron desconocer ambos aspectos. Luego, producto del análisis documental de la literatura e investigaciones sobre bibliometría se rebate el mito existente.

This article analyses an academic myth that affects the development of research in the venezuelan collegiate means, specifically in the social science and liberal arts. It is about the belief of tutors and thesis students on the obsolescence of the references cited 5 years after being published. Based on quantitative approach, a documental and field research was made where 160 people were surveyed, 90 thesis students and 70 tutors of graduate and postgraduate studies in social and humanities fields from public and private venezuelan college institutions. The statistical results reflect that most surveyed people express that the cited references must have been published in the past 5 years. However, when they were asked about the existence of a norm, they said they had no knowledge on both aspects. Later, as product of documentary analysis of the literature and research on bibliometrics, the existing myth is refuted.

Preoperative restricted versus liberal fluid administration on perioperative safety for pancreatic surgery: a Meta-analysis / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To assess the perioperative safety of preoperative restricted fluid administration and liberal fluid administration for pancreatic surgery.@*Methods@#The randomized controlled trials comparing restricted and liberal in pancreatic surgery were collected by searching the databases of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library.Two reviewers independently selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then extracted the data and assessed the quality of included studies.Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.@*Results@#A total of 4 studies involving 785 patients were finally included, with 396 cases in restricted group and 389 cases in liberal group.Results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, mortality, reoperation in-hospital and length of stay(all P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#With regard to pancreatic surgery, restricted fluid administration do not have outstanding advantages.

Formação do indivíduo, capitalismo liberal e psicanálise: algumas contribuições da primeira geração da escola de Frankfurt / Development of the Individual, Liberal Capitalism and Psychoanalysis: Contributions of the Frankfurt's School First Generation

O presente artigo tem como referencial teórico a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade proposta pela primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt, especialmente as contribuições de T. W. Adorno e H. Marcuse. Pretende-se discutir contribuições e contradições da psicanálise freudiana a partir da formação do indivíduo no capitalismo, como também, descrever a relação indivíduo e sociedade, dando prioridade às contradições do indivíduo liberal na perspectiva freudiana à luz da crítica da Escola de Frankfurt. Para tanto, foram tomadas como base do estudo três obras de Freud consideradas relevantes no que tange a relação indivíduo, sociedade e cultura. A psicanálise freudiana é apresentada a partir da sua defesa e crítica da ideologia liberal levando-se em consideração a perspectiva dos autores de referência. Destaca-se a importância da psicanálise como instrumento de crítica social, mesmo com seus aspectos ideológicos, pois esta, em suas próprias contradições, mantém a não identidade na relação indivíduo e sociedade fazendo ao mesmo tempo a defesa e a crítica da ideologia liberal e acentuando o caráter repressivo da civilização.

This article's theoretical framework is the Frankfurt School's Critical Theory focused on the contributions of T.W. Adorno and H. Marcuse. The article's aim is to discuss contributions and contradictions of Freudian psychoanalytical views on individual development in capitalism. Three of Freud's main essays that broach the relationship between the individual, society and culture are the basis of this work. Freudian psychoanalysis is presented in terms of its defense and criticism of liberal ideology and is considered to be a an instrument for social critique.

Quality survey and reform discussion of biochemistry teaching of liberal arts students and science students in one class / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To study the rationality of biochemistry teaching of liberal arts students and science students in one class and further to improve the quality of teaching.Methods A total of 138 students of seven-year traditional Chinese medicine of Grade 2013 as the objects of study,among whom there were 58 liberal arts students and 80 science students.Questionnaire were surveyed at the end of the teaching of biochemistry,including evaluation of the teaching effect and teaching reform.138 valid questionnaires were dispatched and recovered.And at the same time unified examination was carried out to both liberal arts students and science students.The t test,chi square test or the exact probability method were used to compare the data of two types of students with SPSS 19.0.Results Questionnaire survey:31.03％ (18/58) arts students and 27.50％ (22/80) science students felt that the class hours were not enough.48.28％ (28/58) arts students thought the weak chemical base to be the main factor affecting learning,and 50.00％ (40/80) science students thought that lack of interest was the most important factor.53.45％ (31/58) arts and 47.50％ (38/80) science students would agree that a metabolic reaction of the material was the most difficult problem.51.72％ (30/58) arts students and 42.50％ (34/80) science students preferred blackboard-writing.Test scores:arts and science students got average grades (70.81 ± 9.71) and (77.05 ± 8.46) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.02,P=0.000).Conclusions Survey results and analysis of test scores shows that teaching of liberal arts students and science students in one class is feasible.However,it is necessary to strengthen the students' chemical basis,improve their learning interest and optimize their learning methods,so as to realize the harmonious development of the students of arts and science,and to improve the overall teaching level.

O Estado, a política liberal e a biopolítica / The state, liberal politics and biopolitics

Nesse ensaio, problematizamos ações da política liberal e suas relações com oEstado. Ao considerar algumas de suas proposições, questionamos a quaisrelações de poder essa prática social responde. Em que circunstâncias ela se interessa pelo governo dos homens? A partir do estudo das práticas intituladas como filantropia empresarial podemos indicar algumas estratégias e táticas dessa política. Entre as quais destacamos: a construção do Estado Moderno, a elaboração das diversas técnicas de controle social e as mudanças de foco com relação às análises das forças produtivas do capitalismo, que passaram a intervir nas curvas de normalidade econômica imanentes aos fenômenos da população...

This essay discusses some liberal political actions and their relations with the state. Considering some of their propositions, we ask: what power relations does that social practice respond to? Under what circumstances is the liberal politics interested in the government of men? From a study of the practices called corporate philanthropy we can indicate some strategies and tactics of such politics. Among which: the construction of the modern state, the development of various techniques of social control and the focus changes regarding the analysis of capitalism productive forces that intervene within the economic normality curves inherent in the population phenomena...

Liberal platform-based reading popularization in academic libraries / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The deficiencies in reading popularization at present were analyzed, the concepts of liberal education and liberal platform were described, and the successful experiences in liberal platform-based reading popularization in academic libraries were summarized, such as experiencing human library by stressing on communication between users, achieving the reading and education effect by applying the liberal concept, selecting reading materials based on the needs of teachers and students, and establishing special reading popularization team.

De la responsabilidad social en la sociedad de riesgo: más allá de la libertad de ser empresarios de sí mismos / Social responsability in the society of risk: farther freedom of themselves be entrepreneurs / A responsabilidade social na sociedade de risco: mais além da liberdade de ser empresários de si mesmos

La reproducción neoliberal de la forma-empresa hacia el ámbito de la intimidad del sujeto que se consagra como "empresario de sí mismo" en un espacio de riesgos, de acuerdo con Foucault, obedece a cambios impredecibles e intempestivos; a un "medio ambiente" de incertidumbres, donde cada quien se asegura a sí mismo un escenario de nuevas formas de calcular, programar o planear el ejercicio de su autonomía. Las grandes empresas eluden sus responsabilidades con los riesgos biotecnológicos y la responsabilidad social deviene como categoría apropiada al emprendimiento, la competitividad y el mercadeo que genera buena imagen corporativa para la perdurabilidad de las empresas. La biopolítica se asume como un concepto provisional que sirve de puente entre el modelo bélico de Nietzsche y otro modelo gubernamental, propiamente político; entre las tecnologías políticas de soberanía, disciplina y regulación, como formas preliberales de gubernamentalidad, para atender finalmente los estudios arqueológicos sobre la gubernamentalidad del neoliberalismo expandido como Capitalismo Mundial Integrado, otra manera más depurada de gobernar por "acción a distancia" con estrategias tecnológicas de autorresponsabilización individual desde el espacio o medio (milieu) que se convierte en un emplazamiento de intervención que busca modificar las determinaciones con el fin de conducir la conducta de los gobernados. De otro lado, para Bourdieu, la producción de bienes culturales en el medio reviste una forma particular de enclasamientos, se ejerce un efecto de imposición simbólica desde el gusto ya constituido culturalmente; el deseo implícito de los sujetos se ejerce como un mecanismo en los sistemas de los bienes ofrecidos en el mercado. Se reconoce así la dimensión reproductiva del deseo, en tanto que se dejan "circular" no tanto los flujos de mercancías, sino los flujos de deseos que impactan sobre los beneficios e intereses gubernamentales del Estado...

Neoliberal reproduction enterprise-way towards the field of privacy of the subject that is enshrined as “entrepreneur of himself” in an area of risk, according to Foucault, due to unpredictable and untimely changes, to an “environment” of uncertainties, where everyone is assured himself a stage for new forms of computing, program or plan to exercise their autonomy. Large enterprises shirk their responsibilities with biosafety risks and social responsibility becomes as appropriate category entrepreneurship, competitiveness and marketing that generates good corporate image for the sustainability of enterprises. Biopolitics is assumed as a provisional concept that bridges between the military model of Nietzsche and other governmental model, strictly political; among political technologies of sovereignty, discipline and regulation, as pre-liberal forms of governmentality, to finally meet archaeological studies about governmentality of neoliberalism expanded as integrated world capitalism, otherwise the most refined of rule by “action at a distance” self-responsibility with technology strategies individually from space or environment (milieu) that becomes a site of intervention seeking to modify the determinations In order to direct conduct of the governed. In addition to Bourdieu, cultural production in the middle is of a particular form of enclasamientos, it has an effect of symbolic imposition from taste and made culturally implicit desire of the subjects exercised as a mechanism in systems goods offered in the market. It recognizes the reproductive dimension of desire, while left “circular” not only goods flows, but also flows desires that impact on the benefits and interests of the state government...

Neoliberal reproduction enterprise-way towards the field of privacy of the subject that is enshrined as “entrepreneur of himself” in an area of risk, according to Foucault, due to unpredictable and untimely changes, to an “environment” of uncertainties, where everyone is assured himself a stage for new forms of computing, program or plan to exercise their autonomy. Large enterprises shirk their responsibilities with biosafety risks and social responsibility becomes as appropriate category entrepreneurship, competitiveness and marketing that generates good corporate image for the sustainability of enterprises. Biopolitics is assumed as a provisional concept that bridges between the military model of Nietzsche and other governmental model, strictly political; among political technologies of sovereignty, discipline and regulation, as pre-liberal forms of governmentality, to finally meet archaeological studies about governmentality of neoliberalism expanded as integrated world capitalism, otherwise the most refined of rule by “action at a distance” self-responsibility with technology strategies individually from space or environment (milieu) that becomes a site of intervention seeking to modify the determinations In order to direct conduct of the governed. In addition to Bourdieu, cultural production in the middle is of a particular form of enclasamientos, it has an effect of symbolic imposition from taste and made culturally implicit desire of the subjects exercised as a mechanism in systems goods offered in the market. It recognizes the reproductive dimension of desire, while left “circular” not only goods flows, but also flows desires that impact on the benefits and interests of the state government...