Prevalência e fatores associados de dor lombar em uma comunidade urbana da Nigéria / Prevalence and associated factors of low back pain in an urban Nigerian community

A Dor Lombar (DL) constitui um problema de saúde pública, já que se espera que quase todo indivíduo experimente lombalgia pelo menos uma vez durante a vida. OBJETIVO: Este estudo é feito para determinar a prevalência de LBP e fatores associados em uma comunidade urbana da Nigéria. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Esta pesquisa domiciliar transversal selecionou aleatoriamente 741 indivíduos usando uma técnica de amostragem de quatro estágios. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário semiestruturado autoaplicável. A associação entre variáveis categóricas e lombalgia foi analisada por meio do teste Qui-quadrado e modelo de regressão logística múltipla (α = 0.05). RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos participantes foi 41,32 ± 15,24 anos. A prevalência pontual, anual e ao longo da vida de lombalgia foram 31,2%, 61,1% e 70,6%, respectivamente. Idade igual ou superior a 40 anos (p = 0,006), ser artesão (p = 0,005) ou comerciante (p = 0,007) em comparação a ser trabalhador de escritório (p = 0,071) e ficar sentado continuamente por mais de 3 ­ 4 horas (p< 0,001) são fatores significativamente associados à DL. Outros são a duração do transporte de / para o trabalho maior ou igual a 30 minutos (p <0,001), uso de computador (p <0,001), história de trauma (p =0,045), nunca compareceu a uma palestra de saúde sobre cuidados nas costas (p <0,001), tabagismo (p = 0,006) e prática ocasional (p = 0,002) ou nenhuma rotina de exercícios (p <0,001). CONCLUSÃO: DL é comum entre os indivíduos na área de estudo com uma prevalência pontual, anual e ao longo da vida de 31.2%, 61.1% e 70.6%, respectivamente. As intervenções na prevenção da DL devem ter como objetivo a correção de fatores associados modificáveis identificados, como postura inadequada, inatividade física e falta de informações sobre lombalgia.

Low Back Pain (LBP) constitutes a public health problem as almost every individual is expected to experience LBP at least once during their lifetime. OBJECTIVE: This study is done to determine the prevalence of LBP and associated factors in an urban Nigerian community. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This cross-sectional household survey randomly selected 741 subjects using a 4-stage sampling technique. Data were obtained through a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Association between categorical variables and LBP was analyzed using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression model (α=0.05). RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 41.32 ± 15.24 years. The point, annual, and lifetime prevalence of LBP were 31.2%, 61.1%, and 70.6% respectively. Aged 40 years and above (p=0.006), being an artisan (p=0.005) or trader (p=0.007) compared to being an office worker (p=0.071), and continuously sitting more than 3 to 4 hours (p<0.001) are factors significantly associated with LBP. Others are transport duration to/from work more than or equal to 30 minutes (p<0.001), computer use (p<0.001), trauma history (p=0.045), never attending a health talk on back care (p<0.001), tobacco smoking history (p=0.006) and having an occasional (p=0.002) or no exercise routine (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: LBP is common among individuals in the study area with a point, annual, and lifetime prevalence of 31.2%, 61.1%, and 70.6% respectively. Interventions on LBP prevention should target correction of identified modifiable associated factors such as poor posture, physical inactivity and lack of information on LBP.

Dor musculoesquelética relacionada com o trabalho e características dos trabalhadores de cervejaria no sudoeste da Nigéria - Um estudo-piloto / Work-related musculoskeletal pain and characteristics of brewery workers in southwest Nigeria- a pilot study

A dor osteoarticular relacionada ao trabalho (DORT) é um sintoma comum associado a perturbações musculoesqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho. É agravada por más técnicas de elevação, ergonomia inadequada, movimentos repetitivos e postura incômoda durante o exercício das suas funções. Variáveis como a idade, o estado civil, a experiência profissional, o álcool, o tabagismo e os hábitos de exercício têm desempenhado um papel importante na prevalência das DORT entre as diferentes categorias de trabalhadores. OBJETIVOS: este estudo centrou-se na prevalência ao longo da vida, de 12 meses e pontos das WMSP em associação com as características sociodemográficas, de estilo de vida e de trabalho dos trabalhadores da indústria cervejeira no Estado de Osun, sudoeste, Nigéria. MÉTODO: um design de pesquisa descritiva foi utilizado, e um total de oitenta e nove (89) participantes foram recrutados com estrita adesão aos critérios de inclusão. Foi desenvolvido um questionário de 28 itens para obter informações específicas sobre a prevalência e o padrão de DORT, enquanto medições antropométricas (peso e altura) de cada participante foram medidas. Os dados coletados foram organizados e analisados usando estatísticas descritivas e teste de Qui quadrado. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de DORT ao longo da vida, 12 meses e pontos entre os participantes foi de 96,6%, 93,3% e 57,3%, respectivamente. As costas baixas eram a região corporal mais afetada. Existem associações significativas entre cada uma das idades, a prevalência de 12 meses e pontos das DORT e o estado civil dos participantes. Além disso, existe uma associação significativa entre a prevalência pontual de DORT e a idade dos participantes. CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se que havia uma elevada prevalência de DORT entre os trabalhadores da cervejaria no Estado de Osun, sudoeste, Nigéria.

Work-related musculoskeletal pain (WMSP) is a common symptom associated with workrelated musculoskeletal disorders. It is aggravated by poor lifting techniques, inappropriate ergonomics, repetitive movements and awkward posture during the course of performing one's duties. Variables such as age, marital status, work experience, alcohol, smoking and exercise habits have been found to play major roles in WMSP prevalence among different categories of workers. OBJECTIVES: This study focused on the lifetime, 12-month and point prevalence of WMSP in association with the socio-demographics, lifestyle and work-related characteristics of brewery workers in Osun state, Southwest, Nigeria. METHOD: A descriptive research design was utilized, and a total of eightynine (89) participants were recruited with strict adherence to the inclusion criteria. A 28-item questionnaire was developed to obtain specific information on the prevalence and pattern of WMSP, while anthropometric measurements (weight and height) of each participant were measured. Collected data were organized and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test. RESULTS: The lifetime, 12-month and point prevalence of WMSP among the participants were 96.6%, 93.3%, and 57.3% respectively. The low back was the mostly affected body region. Significant associations exist between each of the lifetime, 12-month and point prevalence of WMSP and participants' marital status. Furthermore, a significant association exists between the point prevalence of WMSP and participants' age. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of WMSP among brewery workers in Osun state, Southwest, Nigeria.

Bidirectional Association between First-Episode Panic Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder in a Nationwide General Population Survey in Korea

BACKGROUND: Panic disorder (PD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) can occur concurrently, despite different clinical manifestations. Because MDD and PD patients tend to have more complicated conditions, understanding the co-occurrence and pattern of these conditions is important. Here, we investigated the influence of PD and MDD on each other, with respect to time interval. METHODS: Data from three national representative surveys were pooled (total 18,807 respondents), and the age of onset (AOO) of PD and MDD was analyzed. We performed Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimate separate survival functions, using the AOO of MDD and PD as the outcome. To understand the temporal effect of other disorders, we used a Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the hazard ratios for the onset of MDD/PD with other comorbidities as time-dependent covariates. RESULTS: PD elevated the risk of subsequent MDD by 1.5-fold, whereas MDD elevated the risk of subsequent PD by 3.8-fold. The effect of such an elevation risk was significant for up to 2 years. CONCLUSION: The results revealed a bidirectional relationship between MDD and PD. Each disease represents a risk of a subsequent occurrence of the other, which lasts for a considerable duration.

Prevalencia de vida de uso de cannabis y rendimiento académico en adolescentes / Lifetime prevalence of cannabis use and academic performance in adolescents

Objetivo: Esta investigación compara y establece las diferencias en la prevalencia de vida (consumo alguna vez en la vida) y no prevalencia de vida de uso de cannabis sobre el rendimiento académico en adolescentes escolarizados. Método: En este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal se seleccionó una muestra probabilística de 156 estudiantes y fueron evaluados con una prueba ad hoc de autopercepción. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas fueron análisis de frecuencia, descriptivos, t- student, U de Mann Whitney y Chi². Resultados: Los resultados señalan diferencias entre los grupos de prevalencia de uso de cannabis y no prevalencia de uso de cannabis en el número de cursos repetidos, días castigados en el último mes, la nota promedio del último mes, problemas escolares y la preocupación por estos, y dificultades para controlar el comportamiento en los últimos seis meses. No hubo diferencias en la comparación entre hombres y mujeres del grupo de prevalencia de uso de cannabis. Se confirma que el cannabis afecta el rendimiento académico desde algunos factores específicos que afectan por igual a hombres y mujeres. Conclusión: Se concluye que entre el grupo de prevalencia de vida de uso de cannabis hay más repetidores, a su vez, han repetido más cursos, han recibido más castigo en el colegio, tienen calificaciones más bajas, han tenido más problemas escolares y han estado más preocupados respecto a estos, y una mayor dificultad en controlar el comportamiento. En relación con el género no hay diferencias en las consecuencias sobre el rendimiento académico después de probar cannabis.

Objective: This research compares and establishes the differences in the prevalence of life (consumption ever in life) and no lifetime prevalence of cannabis use on academic performance in school adolescents. Method: In this descriptive and cross sectional study 156 students were probabilistically selected and evaluated with an ad-hoc auto-perception test. The techniques used were frequency analysis, descriptive, student t, Mann Whitney and Chi2. Results: The results show differences between groups in the prevalence of cannabis use and no prevalence of cannabis in the number of repeated courses, days punished in the past month, the average of the last month note, school problems and concern for these and difficulty controlling behavior in the past six months. There were no differences in the comparison between men and women in the group prevalence of cannabis use. It confirms that cannabis affects academic performance from some specific factors that affect both men and women. Conclusion: It is concluded that the group of lifetime prevalence of cannabis use more repeaters in turn have repeated more courses, have received more punishment in school, they have lower grades, have more problems in school and have been more worried about these, and greater difficulty in controlling behavior, and that there are no gender-related differences in the effects on academic performance after trying cannabis.