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Objective:To summarize the risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of limb thrombosis in neonates.Methods:The clinical data of 14 neonates with limb thrombosis were hospitalized in neonatology department at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from February 2012 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:All the 14 cases of limb thrombosis were premature infants, with an average gestational age of 29 weeks and 5 days(27 weeks and 3 days to 33 weeks and 1 day), including eight cases of arterial embolism and six cases of venous embolism.Among them, 13(92.9%) cases were diagnosed with infectious diseases such as septicemia or neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis within 48 hours before embolization, and all had a history of peripheral arterial and venous catheterization.During the early stage of embolization, limb artery embolism was characterized by weakened distal artery pulsation, pale skin, gradual cyanosis and even gangrene.Limb venous embolism was manifested as limb swelling, skin congestion and cyanosis, but the arterial pulsation was normal.Fourteen cases were confirmed by vascular ultrasound.All the eight cases with arterial embolization were treated with heparin anticoagulation, five of which were cured, with an effective rate of 62.5%.The average time of heparin use in five cases was 2.5 days(2-3 days). One patient was not effective after 2 days of heparin treatment, and recovered after thrombectomy.Another two cases had distal limb gangrene, and them were treated with heparin for 5 days and 7 days.All of the six cases with venous embolism were cured, of which four cases were treated with heparin for an average of 8.5 days(4-15 days), and the other two cases were cured after general treatment.There were no bleeding events in the 12 infants treated with heparin.Conclusion:Peripheral arterial and venous catheterization during infection of preterm infants is the most common cause of limb thrombosis.The smaller body weight and gestational age, the thinner blood vessels, the higher risk of occurrence.Vascular ultrasound is the most commonly used examination method for neonatal thrombosis, and heparin anticoagulant therapy is the most commonly used treatment measure.When the treatment effect of heparin is not good, other treatment methods should be sought.
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Resumen Existen territorios vasculares denominados sitios inusuales que pueden presentar eventos trombóticos: senos venosos, miembros superiores y lecho esplácnico, con consecuencias clínicas que pueden ser catastróficas. Se encuentran vacíos de conocimiento en el estudio de los factores involucrados en estas entidades. Objetivo: escribir la frecuencia de trombofilia en pacientes que consultan por trombosis en sitios inusuales al servicio de hematología del Hospital San José, entre enero 2007 y diciembre 2011. Se describe la población en términos demográficos, género, edad, recurrencia, tratamientos empleados y complicaciones asociadas. Métodos: es un estudio descriptivo serie de casos, se incluyeron las historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 18 años con primer evento trombótico que compromete trayecto vascular en sitio inusual, asistentes a la consulta externa de hematología durante el periodo de estudio, los datos fueron extraídos de las historias clínicas de forma retrospectiva. Resultados: en el estudio ingresaron 73 pacientes, mayoría mujeres (65.8%), la localización de la trombosis fue: senos venosos (47.9%), miembro superior (27.4%), lecho esplácnico (24%). Los factores de riesgo de mayor frecuencia fueron: embarazo (12.5%), consumo de anovulatorios orales (10.4%), tabaquismo (9.6%), puerperio (4.2%). Se encontró trombofilia en 57% de los pacientes con trombosis en sitios inusuales, siendo la más frecuente el síndrome antifosfolípidos. Conclusiones: existe una frecuencia alta para trombofilia en pacientes con trombosis en sitio inusual, siendo el síndrome antifosfolípidos la causa más frecuente en nuestra serie. (Acta MedColomb 2013; 38: 132-137).
Abstract There are vascular territories called unusual sites which may present thrombotic events: venous sinuses, upper limbs and splanchnic bed, with clinical consequences that can be catastrophic. Knowledge gaps are found in the study of the factors involved in these entities. Objective: To describe the frequency of thrombophilia in patients who consult to the Hematology Service of San Jose Hospital due to thrombosis in unusual sites between January 2007 and December 2011. We describe the population in terms of demographics, gender, age, recurrence, treatments used and associated complications. Methods: A case series descriptive study. We included the medical records of patients older than 18 years with first thrombotic event compromising a vascular unusual site, attending the outpatient hematology service during the study period. Data were extracted retrospectively from medical records. Results: 73 patients entered the study; most were women (65.8%). Localization of thrombosis was: venous sinuses (47.9%), upper limb (27.4%), splanchnic bed (24.0%). The most frequent risk factors were: pregnancy (12.5%), use of oral contraceptives (10.4%), smoking (9.6%), postpartum (4.2%). Thrombophilia was found in 57% of patients with thrombosis in unusual sites. The most frequent diagnosis was antiphospholipid syndrome. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of thrombophilia in patients with thrombosis in unusual site, being antiphospholipid syndrome the most common cause in our series. (Acta Med Colomb 2013;38: 132-137).