Pomegranate leaf attenuates lipid absorption in the small intestine in hyperlipidemic mice by inhibiting lipase activity / 中国天然药物

Pomegranate leaf (PGL) has a definite role in regulating lipid metabolism. However, pharmacokinetic results show the main active ingredient, ellagic acid, in PGL has lower oral bioavailability, suggesting that the lipid-lowering effect of PGL may act through inhibiting lipid absorption in the small intestine. Our results demonstrated that pomegranate leaf and its main active ingredients (i.e., ellagic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid and tannic acid) were capable of inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. In computational molecular docking, the four ingredients had good affinity for pancreatic lipase. Acute lipid overload experiments showed that a large dosage of PGL significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TG) and triglycerides (TC) levels in addition to inhibiting intestinal lipase activity, which demonstrated that PGL could inhibit lipase activity and reduce the absorption of lipids. We also found that PGL could reverse the reduced tight-junction protein expression due to intestinal lipid overload, promote Occludin and Claudin4 expression in the small intestine, and enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PGL can inhibit lipid absorption and reduce blood TG and TC by targeting pancreatic lipase, promoting tight-junction protein expression and thereby preventing intestinal mucosa damage from an overload of lipids in the intestine.

Isolamento e seleção de fungos produtores de lipases com base na atividade lipásica e no potencial hidrolítico sobre óleo comestível de soja e escuma de caixa de gordura / Isolation and selection of lipase-producing fungi based on lipase activity and hydrolytic potential on soybean oil and grease trap scum

RESUMO: O uso de biomassa fúngica como biocatalisadora lipásica representa uma atraente abordagem para o tratamento de águas residuais oleosas e produção de biodiesel, a partir de óleos e graxas residuais, devido à sua maior estabilidade, possibilidade de reuso e baixo custo. Neste trabalho foram obtidos cem isolados de fungos, a partir de escumas de caixa de gordura e esgoto, solo e tecidos necrosados de plantas e insetos, que foram avaliados quanto ao crescimento e à atividade lipásica, no meio de cultura básico, para atividade lipásica extracelular, e meio mineral mínimo + óleo de soja + rodamina, para atividade lipásica intracelular, com resposta positiva e diferenciada de 66 deles, inclusos como pertencentes aos gêneros Aspergillus , Beauveria , Botrytis , Cladosporium , Colletotrichum , Fusarium , Geotrichum , Penicillium , Rhizomucor e Verticillium . Na sequência, o potencial hidrolítico dos isolados Penicillium sp. F002 e Rhizomucor sp. F018 foi avaliado sobre óleo de soja comestível e escuma de caixa de gordura, em fermentação em estado sólido, através da quantificação das variáveis: produção de CO2, remoção do teor de óleos e graxas e crescimento da biomassa. Os resultados confirmaram a elevada atividade lipásica extracelular de Penicillium sp. F002 e a elevada atividade lipásica intracelular de Rhizomucor sp. F018. Portanto, o isolado Rhizomucor sp. F018 mostrou potencial para utilização em pesquisas futuras, na forma de células integrais lipásicas, para o tratamento de águas residuais oleosas e como biocatalisador na produção de biodiesel a partir de resíduos oleosos.

ABSTRACT: The use of fungal biomass as a lipase biocatalyst represents an attractive approach for the treatment of oil wastewater and production of biodiesel from oil and residual grease, due to its greater stability, possibility of reuse, and lower cost. In this work, a hundred filamentous fungi were isolated from grease trap and sewage scums, soil, and necrotized plants and insects tissues. The isolates were assessed for growth and lipase activity in the culture basic medium, for extracellular lipase activity, and mineral medium minimum + soybean oil + rhodamine, for intracellular lipase activity, with positive and differential response of 66 of them, including those belonging to the genera Aspergillus , Beauveria , Botrytis , Cladosporium , Colletotrichum , Fusarium , Geotrichum , Penicillium , Rhizomucor , and Verticillium . Following, previously selected Penicillium sp F002 and Rhizomucor sp. F018 isolates were evaluated in solid-state fermentation, for the hydrolytic potential on edible soybean oil and grease trap scum, quantified by: CO2 production, removal of the content of oils and greases, and biomass growth. Results confirmed the high extracellular lipase-activity of Penicillium sp. F002 and the high intracellular lipase activity of Rhizomucor sp. F018. Therefore, the isolated Rhizomucor sp. ECG18 showed potential for use in future research, in the form of whole-cell lipases, for oily wastewater treatment, and as a biocatalyst in the production of biodiesel from oil residues.

Optimization of Extracellular Lipase Production by Penicillium chrysogenum Using Factorial Design

The effect of oxygen on lipase production by Penicillium chrysogenum was studied under two operating modes, controlled aeration rate tested and controlled agitation at dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) 1.00 vvm. Lipase production and cell dry weight were tested in a stirred batch fermenter 5 L. Improvement in oxygen transfer rate (OTR) either by aeration or agitation resulted in an increase in lipase production. Growth curves and lipase activities of P.chrysogenum were examined at agitation rates (200,400,600 rpm), aeration rates (2,4 vvm) at different fermentation periods (24,48,72,96,120 h). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design Expert software was used to study the effect of aeration, agitation, and fermentation time on lipase activity and cell dry weight. These factors were analyzed using 21. 32 level factorial design. An optimal set of conditions that maximize lipase production: (2 vvm aeration; 600 rpm agitation after 72 h) was obtained. The maximum lipase activity obtained was 240 U/mL. Beside lipase activity, this paper also studies the optimal combination of the controllable factors (aeration; agitation and fermentation time) that will maximize the cell dry weight.

Hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis root in rats.

The hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (family Malvaceae) root extract was studied on triton and cholesterol-rich high fat diet (HFD) induced models of hyperlipidemia in rats. In triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, feeding with root extract (500 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.) exerted lipid-lowering effect, as assessed by reversal of plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) and reactivation of post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) of plasma. The other model was fed with cholesterol-rich HFD and root extract (500 mg/kg body wt/ day p.o.) simultaneously for 30 days. This also caused lowering of lipid levels in plasma and liver homogenate and reactivation of plasma PHLA and hepatic total lipoprotein lipase activity. The hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis root was compared with a standard drug guggulipid (200 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.), a known lipid- lowering agent in both models. Histopathological findings in rat liver supported the protective role of H. rosa sinensis root extract in preventing cholesterol-rich HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.

Actividad lipasa de especies de Malassezia aisladas en pacientes sanos y con lesiones dérmicas / Lipase activity of Malassezia species isolated from healthy patients and having dermic lesions

Las levaduras del género Malassezia forman parte de la micro biota normal de piel humana y animal. Excepto M. pachydermatis, todas las especies de este género son lipodependientes. Bajo ciertos factores, Malassezia se asocia como agente etiológico en diversas afecciones dérmicas. Uno de los principales factores de virulencia de estas levaduras es su actividad de lipasa (AL). El objetivo de este trabajo fue introducir modificaciones a las técnicas de determinación de la actividad lipasa (AL) para su aplicación en levaduras lipodependientes y estudiar la AL en cepas de Malassezia aisladas de personas con piel sana y de pacientes con pitiriasis versicolor (PV), dermatitis seborreica (DS) y psoriasis (PS). Se estudiaron 94 cepas aisladas de 34 pacientes con lesiones de PV, 20 con DS, 7 con PS y 33 cepas de personas con piel sana. Las modificaciones planteadas a la técnica, que incluyeron variación del medio de cultivo y tiempos de incubación, permitieron la determinación semi cuantitativa de la AL con resultados claros y definidos. El 88,23 por ciento de las cepas presentó AL. No se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar la AL entre las cepas de pacientes con afecciones de piel y las cepas aisladas de personas sanas. La producción de lipasas de las especies de Malassezia en orden decreciente fue: M. sympodialis, M. slooffiae, M. furfur, M. globosa, M. restricta. M. globosa y M. furfur fueron las especies en que se observaron mayor cantidad de cepas no productoras de AL y cepas con gran variabilidad en la medida de AL.

Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are part of the regular microbiota in human and animal skin. Except for M. pachydermatis, all the species of this genus are lipodependent. Malassezia, under certain factors, is associated as an etiological agent in diverse dermic affections. One of the main virulence factors of these yeasts is their lipase activity (LA). The objective of this research was to introduce some changes in the techniques adopted to determine the lipase activity (LA) in order to apply them to lipodependent yeasts and to study likewise the LA in Malassezia strains isolated from healthy skin people and patients diagnosed with pitiriasis versicolor (VP), greasy dermatitis (GD) and psoriasis ( PS). Ninety four strains isolated from 34 patients having VP lesions, 20 with GD, 7 with PS and 33 strains from healthy skin people. Changes suggested to the technique involved a variation in the medium of culture as well as in the time of incubation what resulted in the semiquantitative determination of the LA together with clear and precise results. The presence of LA was observed in of 88.23 percent strains. The comparison of the LA among strains of patients bearing injured skin and those isolated from healthy skin did not show any significant statistical difference. The production of lipasae from Malassezia species were in decreasing order: M.sympodialis, M. slooffiae, M.furfur,M.globosa and M.restricta. M. globosa and M. furfur were the species that revealed the highest number of non producting LA strains as well as strains with the highest variability in the degree of LA.

Effects of Nonnutritive Sucking on Lingual Lipase Activity and Body Weight of Low Birth Weight Infants with Bottle Feeding / 아동간호학회지

We studied the effects of nonnutritive sucking(NNS) on lingual lipase activity and body weight under bottle feeding with 17 premature infants hospitalized . NNS was applied to nine infants and other eight infants comprised the control group. Pacifiers were applied to the experimental group for 5 minutes before and after bottle feeding. The treatment took approximately 20-25 minutes each time including bottle feeding time and was applied 7 times a day at intervals of 3 hours and for consecutive ten days. Lingual lipase activity and body weight were measured on the first, third, seventh and tenth day. Results and Conclusion : 1. Lingual lipase activity was low at 30 minutes after feeding and then began to increase reaching its highest level at 120 and 180 minutes after the feeding in both group. 2. Lingual lipase activity in the experimental group was not higher than that of the control group on the third, seventh and tenth day. 3. Body weight increased in experimental and control groups as days passed, while it was not significantly different between groups. These results lead to conclusion that among premature infants under bottle feeding, NNS is not effective in increasing the lingual lipase for fat digestion and NNS is not also effective for increasing body weight. The application of NNS to premature infants under bottle feeding needs considerable judgement for promoting well-being of nursing goals.