Effect of allograft type on the prognosis of pediatric liver transplantation in low-body-weight recipients / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of different donor types on the prognosis of pediatric liver transplant recipients with low-body-weight (≤6 kg).Methods:The clinical data of low-body-weight pediatric liver transplant recipients from the Department of Pediatric Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 2013 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The recipients were divided into living donor group, split donor group and whole liver group according to the donor type.The basic information of donors and grafts, preoperative and intraoperative information of recipients, major postoperative complications and survival rates of recipients and grafts were compared.Results:A total of 244 recipients were enrolled in this study, including 183 cases in the living donor group, 18 cases in the split donor group and 43 cases in the whole liver group.There were no statistical differences in the preoperative data of the three groups, including gender, age, body weight, blood type matching, primary disease, Child-pugh grading, and pediatric end-stage liver disease score (PELD). The incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) in the three groups was 2.2%, 16.7% and 25.6%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant between the living donor group and the split donor group ( P=0.017) as well as the whole liver group ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the latter two groups ( P=0.525). The median follow-up time was 37, 31 and 47 months, respectively.The 1-year and 3-year cumulative graft survival rates were 92.9%, 91.3%, 83.3% and 83.3% 76.7%, 76.7% ( P=0.016), respectively.There was statistical difference between the living donor group and the whole liver group ( P=0.004), and no statistical difference between the split donor group and the living donor group ( P=0.212) as well as the whole liver group ( P=0.610). The 1-year and 3-year cumulative recipient survival rates in the three groups were 92.9%, 91.3%, 94.4% and 94.4%, 86.0%, 86.0%, respectively, and there was no statistical difference among the three groups ( P=0.463). Multivariate analysis suggested that donor age and anhepatic phase were independent risk factors for HAT.Cold ischemia time, volume of intraoperative blood transfusion and HAT were independent risk factors for early graft loss (within 3 months). The volume of intraoperative blood transfusion and the duration of anhepatic phase were independent risk factors for recipient death. Conclusions:Living donor liver transplantation is more effective than whole liver transplantation for children with low body weight (≤6 kg). Due to the small sample size and the early exploration stage of split liver transplantation in children, the efficacy of split liver transplantation remains to be explored in clinical practice.

Morbidity features in newborns born with extremely low and very low body wight and left without parental care

Mothers increasingly mention poor health of the newborn child as the reason for abandoning the child. One of the factors causing the unsatisfactory state of the child's health is the child's premature birth, a little or long before the due date. According to the data of most developed countries of the world, from 5% to 10% of children in the general population are born prematurely. In the Russian Federation, these premature births amount for around 75% of infant mortality. Moreover, the most vulnerable ones among premature infants are children with extremely low and very low body weight. In this regard, the goal of the study has been formulated to assess the state of health of the children born with very low and extremely low body weight and left without parental care. Material and Methods. For this, a retrospective analysis of the labor and delivery records has been conducted for 182 newborns abandoned by mothers in maternity hospitals in the Chelyabinsk region in the period from 2012 to 2017. Results and discussion. Over the study period, the average proportion of newborns with low and extremely low body weight was as follows: 12.1% in the big urban center, 12.0% in urban districts and 12.7% in rural municipalities of the total number of early social orphans. The proportion of newborns with very low body weight was 69.0%; 31.0% had extremely low body weight. The smallest of the examined infants was a newborn with a birth weight of 840 grams. It was found that children born with extremely low and very low body weight had from two to three pathologies already at birth. Conclusion. The identified risk factors for the birth of premature babies are the following: extragenital diseases of the mother, complicated obstetric and gynecological history, infectious diseases of the mother. A high proportion of newborns with very low and extremely low body weight (12.0-12.7%) among abandoned children indicates that the latter are at risk for this pathology.

Effect of nursing mode based on Omaha framework on nutrition intervention of low-weight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To explore the effect of Omaha system nursing model on nutritional status and disease condition of patients with low body mass and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Sixty COPD patients with low body mass who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University from January 2015 to November 2016 were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into an Omaha system nursing model group and a routine care intervention group, with 30 cases in each group. The Delphi expert consultation method was used to construct the Omaha nursing problem system and intervention system for COPD patients with low body mass. The patients in the routine care intervention group were given routine care intervention; the patients in the Omaha system nursing model group underwent nutritional intervention according to the Omaha system nursing model. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) were used to be the evaluation system of the Omaha system nursing model, the changes of MNA, CAT and mMRC evaluation scores on admission and in 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge in the two groups were recorded, and the correlations between MNA score and CAT, mMRC scores were analyzed. Results Omaha system analysis showed that the main health problems of the Omaha system nursing model group were distributed in the environmental (17.86%), social psychological (8.93%), physiological (19.64%), and health-related behavioral (53.57%) aspects, among which health-related behaviors were mostly common. There were no statistical significant differences in the scores of CAT, mMRC, and MNA between the two groups on admission (all P > 0.05). The CAT and mMRC scores of the Omaha system nursing model group in 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge were significantly lower than those on admission (CAT score: 16.98±2.39, 16.67±2.55, 15.36±2.17 vs. 25.76±3.67; mMRC score: 2.35±0.57, 1.97±0.52, 1.49±0.51 vs. 3.07±0.55, all P < 0.05), MNA scores were significantly higher than those on admission (11.89±3.57, 13.97±3.52, 15.49±3.51 vs. 10.33±3.02, all P < 0.05), and along with the prolongation of time the decrease and increase in scores were more significant. The scores of the Omaha system nursing model group were improved more significantly in 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge than those of the routine care intervention group (CAT score: 16.98±2.39, 16.67±2.55, 15.36±2.17 vs. 23.01±2.67, 21.15±2.79, 19.06±2.61; mMRC score: 2.35±0.57, 1.97±0.52, 1.49±0.51 vs. 3.06±0.65, 3.06±0.61, 2.65±0.67;MNA score: 11.89±3.57, 13.97±3.52, 15.49±3.51 vs. 9.96±3.15, 10.06±3.09, 8.55±3.17, all P < 0.05]. Pearson correlation analyses showed that MNA score was significantly negatively correlated with CAT score (r = -0.493, P = 0.001) and with mMRC score (r = -0.594, P = 0.001) respectively. Conclusion Using the Omaha system nursing model for nutrition intervention in COPD patients with low body mass can significantly improve their nutritional status and disease condition as well as quality of life.

Cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants less than 5 kg / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To summarize the experience of cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in infants less than 5 kg. Methods Eleven infants with ECMO support who weighed less than 5 kg were admitted to critical care medicine of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from June 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled. Retrospective analysis of support type, configuration, site of cannula and complication of ECMO was performed. Results The 11 infants consisted of 9 males and 2 females. The weight on ECMO of 1.96-4.60 kg, with an average of (3.14±0.65) kg; age 0.1-30.0 days, with a median of 5.6 (1.5, 8.3) days. Four cases were given ECMO because of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with severe pulmonary hypertension and other 7 cases were cannulated due to complication of congenital cardiac surgery. All infants were received veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO. In 4 cases, the cannulas were placed in the right internal jugular vein for drainage (8-10 French catheter with 6.0-7.5 cm depth) and the right carotid artery for infusion (6-8 French catheter with 2.5-3.5 cm depth); the average time of cannulation in right carotid and jugular vessels was (73±20) minutes (range 55-100 minutes). In other 7 cases, the cannulas were inserted into the right atrium (12-14 French catheter with 2.8-3.0 cm depth) for draining blood and returning it to the ascending aorta (6-8 French catheter with 1.0-2.0 cm depth); the average time of cannulation in central vessels was (64±31) minutes (range 35-110 minutes) with exclusion of 2 cases intraoperative cannulation. There were three infants with complications. One episode was shown in vascular rupture, one in catheter site hemorrhage and one in cannula malposition with later repositioning. There was no case of insertion site infection, cannula-related bloodstream infection and accident detached cannula. Conclusion Cannulation for ECMO can be performed in infants less than 5 kg with a high rate of success and a low rate of complication owing to appropriate catheter and skillful cannulation.

Plasma citrulline concentration as a biomarker for bowel absorptive function in neonates with enterostomy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum citrulline levels in evaluating the remnant bowel absorptive function with enterostomy in the neonatal period by means of tandem mass spectrum so as to guide clinical treatment with parenteral nutrition(PN) or not.Methods The serum amino acid profiles of 30 enterostomy infants including small intestinal enterostomy 17 cases of enterostomy and 13 cases of colon enterostomy and 20 cases of control infants in Wuhan Children's Hospital,Tongji Medical College University of Science & Technology from January 2016 to June 2018 were performed by using tandem mass spectrum,and the related amino acid with the bowel absorbing ability-citrulline was screened out.The Pearson correlation of the serum citrulline levels with the gain weight of the infants was studied.Results The weight of small intestinal enterostomy was significantly lower than colon enterostomy and control infants [(3.22 ± 1.00) kg vs.(5.63 ± 0.66) kg and (6.09 ± 0.85) kg],and there was statistical significance (F =57.23,P ＜ 0.05).Serum citrulline levels were significantly lower in small intestinal enterostomy compared with colon enterostomy and controls [(10.65 ± 5.82) μmol/L vs.(16.57 ± 4.33) μmol/L and (16.52 ± 4.20) μmol/L],and there was statistical significance (F =8.29,P ＜ 0.05).In enterostomy infants serum citrulline was positively correlated with gain weight everyday(r =0.65,P ＜ 0.05).Serum citrulline level ＜ 12 μmol/L had 81.3％ sensitivity and 71.4％ specificity for underweight.Conclusions Serum citrulline is a simple and accurate biomarker for evaluation of the absorptive function and adaptation of the enterostomy infants.Serum citrulline level ＜ 12 μmol/L is a strong predictor of PN-dependence in infants with temporary enterostomy.

An analysis of risk factors of open cardiac surgery in low body weight neonates / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To explore risk factors of cardiac surgery in neonates with low body weight.Methods Retrospective analysis was made in neonates weighing less than 3 kg at surgery(n =192;group 1) and 3 to 6 kg(n =517;group 2),who had undergone open cardiac repairs from January 2006 to December 2015 at our institution.Patients were grouped according to the primary procedure performed and analyzed according to their weight at the time of surgical intervention.Patients were also analyzed according to preoperative risk scores.Univariate versus multivariate risk analysis was performed.Results Hospital early mortality in group 1 was 25.0％ (n =48) versus 14.5 ％ (n =75) in group 2 (P =0.001).Compared with group 2,neonates in group 1 had a significantly higher mortality for simple arterial switch procedure.Lower body weight remained strongly associated with mortality risk after stratifying the population by preoperative risk scores category levels 2.Within group 1,age,weight at surgery,preoperative risk score and type of procedure were not associated with significant differences in early mortality.Cardio-pulmonary bypass time,aortic cross-clamp time and the presence of a surgical complication were independent risk factors for early mortality in group 1.Conclusion Among neonates weighing less than 3.0kg who underwent open cardiac surgery,perioperative hemodynamic status,reflected by bypass time,cross-clamp time,and surgical complications,strongly influenced early mortality.In contrast,low body weight itself was not associated with early mortality.

Burden of disease caused by low body weight in children aged ＜5 years in China, 1990-2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the disease burden caused by low body weight in children under 5 years old in China from 1990 to 2010.Methods The analysis was conducted on the low body weight related deaths, years lived with disability(YLD), years of life lost (YLL) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in children aged ＜5 years in China from 1990 to 2010 by using the data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD2010).The annual low body weight related deaths, YLL, YLD and DALY from 1990 to 2010 were compared.Results Among the children aged ＜5 years, 2 271 deaths and 295 300 person-years DALY were attributable to low body weight in 2010.Compared with 1990, the number of deaths and DALY attributed to low body weight decreased by 96.75％ and 95.46％ respectively.In 2010, the YLD and YLL attributable to low body weight in the children aged ＜ 5 years were 101 500 person-years and 193 800 person-years respectively.Compared with 1990, the YLD and YLL caused by low body weight in the children aged ＜5 years declined by 444 800 and 5.76 million person-years respectively.Conclusion Compared with 1990, the death and DALY, YLD and YLL attributable to low body weight in the children aged ＜5 years significantly declined in 2010.Considering the serious impact of death to loss of life in young age group, the effects and burden of disease caused by low body weight in the children aged ＜ 5 years should not be neglected in China.

Análise da capacidade de acomodação em pacientes présbitas com baixo índice de massa corporal / Analysis of accommodation capacity in presbyopic patients with low body mass index

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o índice de massa corporal com condição de baixo peso como possível fator de influência sobre a presbiopia. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 1030 pacientes com acuidade visual de 20/20 emétropes, com faixa etária entre 36-40 anos, 51-55 anos e 60-65 anos, sendo excluídos pacientes com cover testes positivo, anisometrópicos, com insuficiência de convergência ou alta correlação de convergência / acomodação. Avaliação do índice de massa corpórea de todos os pacientes, como variável pesquisada de presença ou ausência de baixo índice de massa corporal. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre baixo peso e pesos maiores, quando se comparam os dois grupos em relação ao sexo e faixa etária. Houve significância estatística quando se correlacionou indivíduos de baixo peso corporal (IMC < 18,5) e menor expressão de presbiopia em indivíduos com faixa etária entre 51- 55 anos e na faixa etária entre 60-65 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Conforme demonstrado pela análise estatística há uma correlação significativa entre baixo peso corporal definido como índice de massa corporal abaixo de 18,5 e menor incidência de presbiopia ou retardo de sua instalação e evolução com a idade.

PURPUSE: To determine the correlation between presbyopia and body mass index. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving 1030 patients with visual acuity of 20/20 emmetropy, aged between 36-40 years, 51-55 years and 60-65 years, excluding patients with positive test cover, anisometropy with convergence insufficiency or high correlation convergence / accommodation. Assessment of body mass index of all patients, RESULTS: Cross-sectional study involving 1030 patients with visual acuity of 20/20 emmetropy, aged between 36-40 years, 51-55 years and 60-65 years, excluding patients with positive cover test, anisometropy with convergence insufficiency or high correlation convergence / accommodation. Assessment of body mass index of all patients CONCLUSION: As demonstrated by statistical analysis there is a significant correlation between low body weight defined as a body mass index below 18.5 and a lower incidence of presbyopia or delay its onset and progression with age.

Efecto de ajuste del flujo dializante (Qd) sobre la eficacia en hemodiálisis a pacientes de bajo peso / Effect of flow adjustment dialysate (Qd) hemodialysis on effectiveness of underweight patients / Efeito do ajuste do fluxo dialisante (Qd) sobre a eficácia em hemodiálise realizada em pacientes com baixo peso

Las guías KDOQI del año 2006 utilizan como estándar de adecuación para la diálisis el parámetro Kt/V, donde V es el volumen de distribución de urea. Los pacientes con bajo peso tienen menor cantidad total de agua corporal total (menor V), de modo que es posible reducir la cantidad de Qd sin alterar la eficacia de la diálisis. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la reducción del Qd sobre la adecuación de la diálisis en pacientes con pesos menores o iguales a 60 kg sometidos a hemodiálisis. Metodología: estudio observacional con alcance comparativo realizado en la unidad de diálisis de una clínica especializada de Bogotá. Se evaluaron dos valores de Qd (400 ml/min y 500 ml/min) dentro del proceso de diálisis de individuos con peso menor o igual a 60 kg. Se hizo un seguimiento de tres meses para cada forma de diálisis y al final de cada mes se midieron los niveles de Kt/V, hemoglobina y fósforo. Resultados: fueron incluidos 61 pacientes, 60,7% de sexo femenino. La edad media fue de 55,9 años (DE 14,8) para las mujeres y 60,1 años (DE 13,9) para los hombres. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los niveles medios de las variables evaluadas, en los momentos de seguimiento ni al final del estudio. Conclusiones: es posible tener una adecuada terapia de diálisis utilizando un valor menor al establecido por los estándares tradicionales cuando se tienen pacientes con bajo peso, siempre y cuando se mantengan los demás parámetros de suplencia renal.

KDOQI guidelines in 2006 using standard dialysis adequacy Kt/V, where V is volume of distribution of urea, underweight patients have lower total body water, lower V, which could reduce the requirement without affecting Qd the efficiency of dialysis. Objective: to evaluate the effect on the adequacy of dialysis Qd reduction occurs in patients weighing less than or equal to 60 kg who are on hemodialysis. Methodology: patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis regularly with weight less than or equal to 60 kg of a renal clinic to evaluate two periods I and II, were continued therapy parameters with decrease of Qd for the second period. The variables were collected directly by the researchers of the history. The values thus obtained would be compared using t test or paired variables, and statistical significance of the test below 0,05. Results: we included 61 patients, 60.7% female, mean age 57,3 years (SD 14,8). Average age of men 60.1 (SD 13,9) and women was 55,9 (SD 15,4). There were no statistically significant differences for the variables Kt/V, Hemoglobin and there was a significant reduction in the phosphorus levels. Conclusions: this study demonstrates that adequate therapy is achieved with less than Qd traditional standards, with 400 ml/min in patients with low weight as long as you keep the other parameters of renal substitution.

As guias KDOQI do ano 2006 utilizam como padrão de adequação da diálise o Kt/V, onde V é o volume de distribuição da ureia. Pacientes com baixo peso têm menor quantidade total de água no corpo total, (menor V), de modo que seria possível reduzir a quantidade de Qd sem afetar a eficiência da diálise. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito que tem a redução do Qd sobre a adequação da diálise em pacientes com hemodiálise que têm peso menor ou igual a 60 kg. Metodologia: estudo descritivo realizado na unidade de diálise de uma clínica especializada de Bogotá. Foram avaliados dois valores de Qd (400 ml/min e 500 ml/min) dentro do processo de diálise realizado em indivíduos com peso menor ou igual a 60 Kg. Realizou-se um seguimento de três meses para cada uma das formas de diálise aplicada e ao final de cada mês realizaram-se medições dos níveis de Kt/V, hemoglobina e fósforo. Resultados: o estudo observacional incluiu 61 pacientes, 60,7% do gênero feminino. A idade média foi de 55,9 anos (DE 14,8) para as mulheres e 60,1 anos (DE 13,9) para os homens. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os níveis médios das variáveis nas medições de seguimento nem ao final do estudo. Conclusões: conclui-se que é possível obter uma terapia adequada de diálise com um valor de Qd inferior ao estabelecido sob os padrões tradicionais em pacientes como baixo peso, sempre e quando sejam mantidos os demais parâmetros de suplência renal.