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1.
Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics ; (24): 1209-1211, 2016.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-733310

RESUMO

Congenital lung anomalies (CLA) are a group of malformations that include bronchopulmonary anomalies,vascular anomalies,and combined lung and vascular anomalies.With the advances in fetal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging,and multi-detector computer tomography,CLA are increasingly being detected during both antenatal and postnatal periods,in turn influence patient counselling and management stratification.This paper focus on congenital lung abnormalities and congenital lobar emphysema.

2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1522492

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La hernia diafragmática congénita es una malformación congénita que afecta a 1 de cada 2 200 recién nacidos. Está asociada a elevada morbimortalidad, principalmente por hipoplasia pulmonar e hipertensión. En la última década la medicina perinatal ha concentrado su interés en la investigación de marcadores prenatales para evaluar la gravedad de la hipoplasia pulmonar, principalmente la relación pulmón cabeza (RPC; LHR, por sus siglas en inglés). Objetivos: Evaluar la RPC y la presencia de hígado en saco herniario en el tórax como predictores de resultados perinatales adversos en fetos con hernia diafragmática aislada. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, analítico, correlacional. Institución: Unidad de Vigilancia Fetal, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Gestantes y sus fetos. Intervenciones: Se evaluó todos los casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de hernia diafragmática congénita de sus fetos, entre enero 2005 y diciembre 2011, y que contaran con medición ecográfica del índice pulmón-cabeza (RPC). En caso la paciente tuviera más de una medición del RPC, se consideró la medida tomada con menor edad gestacional. Se precisó la posición del hígado respecto al tórax fetal y si existía o no herniación del hígado en el tórax. En todos los casos, y con consentimiento, se realizó un estudio anatómico detallado y cariotipo fetal. Se consideró la variable supervivencia neonatal a los tres meses de edad y la relación entre la RPC y la presencia del hígado en el tórax fetal con respecto a la supervivencia neonatal. Basado en estudios previos, las pacientes fueron estratificados en dos grupos, en función del valor de la RPC: menor de 1,2 y más de 1,2. Se evaluó las diferencias entre los dos grupos mediante las pruebas chi-cuadrado y t de Student. Principales medidas de resultados: Supervivencia a los tres meses con relación a los marcadores ecográficos. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se encontró 23 casos de hernia diafragmática congénita. Se excluyó 8 casos por presentar otras anormalidades. Solo 15 casos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La edad media materna fue 30,2 años. El promedio de edad gestacional en el último estudio ecográfico previo al término de embarazo fue 35 1,2 semanas. Todos los casos tuvieron más de 32 semanas al nacer. La media de edad gestacional al término de embarazo fue 35,7 semanas. Todos los casos terminaron vía cesárea, de acuerdo al protocolo institucional; nueve casos fueron cesárea de urgencia por causas fetales. En cinco casos (33,3%) se detectó herniación intratorácica del hígado y fueron informados como ‘hígado arriba, de acuerdo al protocolo de la unidad. De ellos, ningún caso sobrevivió al nacer. Ocho casos presentaron RPC >1,2: de ellos sobrevivieron siete (87,5%). Siete otros casos presentaron RPC 1,2 fue mejor indicador de supervivencia neonatal que el ‘hígado abajo. Conclusiones: La hernia diafragmática congénita con RPC <1,2 en la evaluación ecográfica prenatal asociada a la presencia del hígado en saco herniario en el tórax es predictora de alta mortalidad posnatal.


Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital malformation that affects 1 in 2 200 newborns. It is associated to high morbidity and mortality mainly due to lung hypoplasia and hypertension. In the last decade perinatal medicine has emphasized research on prenatal markers to determine severity of lung hypoplasia, especially lung-head relation (LHR). Objectives: To determine LHR and presence of the liver in the thoracic hernia sac as predictors of adverse perinatal results in fetuses with isolated diaphragmatic hernia. Design: Retrospective, observational, analytical correlational study. setting: Fetal Surveillance Unit, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru. Participants: Pregnant women and their fetuses. Interventions: All patients with fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosis were studied between January 2005 and December 2011, and ultrasound measurement of lung-head index was performed. In case the patient would have more than one LHR measurement, the one obtained with the least gestational age was considered. Liver position in relation to fetal thorax and possibility of herniation within the thorax were specified. Following informed consent detailed anatomical study and fetal karyotype were done. Neonatal survival at age three months and relation of LHR and presence of the liver within the fetal thorax with neonatal survival were considered. Based on previous studies patients were classified in two groups in relation to LHR: less than 1.2 and more than 1.2. Differences between the two groups by chi-square and Student-t were determined. Main outcome measures: Three months survival in relation to ultrasound markers. Results: During the study period 23 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia were found in the Registry of the Fetal Surveillance Unit. Eight cases were excluded because other anomalies. Only 15 cases fulfilled inclusion criteria. Mean maternal age was 30.2 years. Average gestational age at the last ultrasound study before ending the pregnancy was 35 1.2 weeks. All had over 32 weeks at birth. Mean gestational age at birth was 35.7 weeks. All were born by cesarean section following institutional protocol; nine cases were emergency cesarean sections by fetal reasons. Intrathoracic liver herniation was found in five cases (33.3%) reported as ‘liver up according to protocol; none survived. Eight cases presented LHR >1.2, and seven survived (87.5%). Seven other cases presented LHR 1.2 was better predictor of neonatal survival than ‘liver down. Conclusions: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with LHR <1.2 in prenatal ultrasound evaluation associated to liver in the thoracic hernia sac was predictor of high post natal mortality.

3.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2012 Jul-Aug; 66(7) 192-196
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147840

RESUMO

Congenital abnormalities of lung are very rare entity, and very often under or misdiagnosed by physicians. The present case, a 12-year boy, who was initially diagnosed as unilateral massive pleural effusion with collapse of lung, and after thorough investigation, including CT scan of thorax, fiber-optic bronchoscopy, and echocardiography, a final diagnosis of unilateral lung hypoplasia was made. So if a teenager present with a unilateral opaque hemithorax in chest X-ray, this entity may be a differential diagnosis.

4.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 68(6): 451-454, nov.-dic. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-700968

RESUMO

Introducción. El síndrome de la cimitarra es una anomalía congénita inusual caracterizada por un drenaje venoso anómalo, total o parcial, del pulmón derecho en la vena cava inferior, un suministro arterial sistémico parcial, hipoplasia del pulmón afectado, dextrocardia y anormalidades bronquiales y en la lobulación pulmonar. La alteración fundamental obligatoria es el retorno venoso pulmonar anormal derecho total o de sus dos tercios superiores a la vena cava inferior (imagen que semeja a una cimitarra, una espada turca, corta y curva). La orientación diagnóstica se lleva a cabo con exámenes de gabinete y con el cuadro clínico asociado a los hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax. Caso clínico. La imagen radiográfica demuestra la presencia del corazón hacia la derecha, asociado a una imagen pulmonar disminuida de tamaño. Estos hallazgos obligan a realizar un cateterismo cardiaco y/o una angiotomografía para confirmar el diagnóstico. La complicación de este padecimiento va de acuerdo al tiempo de aparición de los síntomas cuando se sospecha el cortocircuito de izquierda a derecha, los signos de hipertensión arterial pulmonar que se comprueban con un ecocardiograma y un cateterismo cardiaco y con presencia de anomalías congénitas como hipoplasia pulmonar derecha, secuestro pulmonar con presión de vena anómala y presencia de malformaciones cardiovasculares asociadas. Conclusiones. El pronóstico de estos pacientes, tanto en niños mayores como en adultos, es generalmente bueno. El tratamiento es conservador; el tratamiento quirúrgico sólo es considerado en pacientes sintomáticos y en aquéllos con anormalidades cardiacas asociadas.


Background. Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal venous drainage of all or part of the right lung into the inferior vena cava due to partial systemic arterial supply, hypoplasia of the affected lung, or bronchial abnormalities and pulmonary lobulation. The fundamental change required is the right abnormal pulmonary venous return, total or upper two-thirds of the inferior vena cava (an image that resembles the scimitar or Turkish sword). The condition is diagnosed using laboratory analyses and clinical findings associated with chest x-ray. Case report. The radiographic image shows the presence of right heart, an image associated with decreased lung size. These findings require performing cardiac catheterization and/or angiotomography to confirm the diagnosis. The complication of this disease is in accordance with time of onset of symptoms of suspected short circuit from left to right. Signs of pulmonary hypertension are evidenced by echocardiography and the presence of congenital anomalies such as hypoplastic right lung, pulmonary sequestration, anomalous venous pressure and associated cardiovascular malformations. Conclusions. In older children and adults, the prognosis is good with conservative treatment. Surgical treatment is considered in symptomatic patients and in those patients with associated cardiac abnormalities.

5.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2009 Nov; 76(11): 1137-1140
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-142424

RESUMO

Objective. To determine the relative frequency of causes of lung hypoplasia (LH) and its associated congenital malformations among perinatal deaths. Methods. 850 medical reports of perinatal autopsies, in a 25-year period, assessed for LH as a cause of death. Results. LH found in 96 (11.3%) cases, 89 (92.7%) were associated with major congenital malformation (secondary type) and primary type was seen in 7 cases (7.3%). Fourteen cases were associated with multiple congenital anomalies. 32 cases (33.3%) with Genito-urinary anomalies were the most common associated major malformations, followed by 19 cases (19.8%) of diaphragmatic impairment, 15 cases (15.6%) of musculoskeletal abnormalities and 11 cases (11.4%) of kidney agenesis. The most common musculoskletal abnormality was thanatophoric dwarfism in 10 cases (10.4%). Meckle- Gruber syndrome with 7 affected fetuses (7.3%) was the most common malformation syndrome associated with LH. Conclusion. More than ninety percent of LH was secondary to pathology outside the respiratory tract. Renal agenesis is the most common association observed in LH, followed by diaphragmatic hernia and thanatophoric dysplasia.


Assuntos
Autopsia , Causas de Morte , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Recém-Nascido , Pulmão/anormalidades , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 31(1): 7-12, jun. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-631534

RESUMO

La hernia diafragmática congénita, se cree es resultado de la fusión incompleta de la membrana pleuroperitoneal y el paso del contenido abdominal al interior del tórax. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura sobre la etiología y del tratamiento de esta patología


Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is believed to result from incomplete pleuroperitoneal membrane fusion and passage of abdominal contents into the chest. We carry out a literature review regarding the etiology and treatment of this pathology


Assuntos
Humanos , Cirurgia Geral/métodos , Hérnia Diafragmática/cirurgia , Hérnia Diafragmática/congênito , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal
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