Application of functional imaging technology in radiotherapy for lung cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Functional imaging plays an important role in lung cancer radiotherapy.Functional imaging techniques include single photon emission computed tomography,positron emission tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and computed tomography.Using lung function information provided by these techniques for lung cancer radiotherapy can better protect the normal function of lung tissue,optimize the radiotherapy program,and reduce the incidence of radiation pneumonitis.With the development of perfusion and imaging technology,functional imaging technology is expected to be widely used in the precise radiotherapy of lung cancer in the future.

Sjogren' s syndrome with pulmonary bullae in both lungs as lung imaging performance: A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of Sjogren' s syndrome (SS) with pulmonary bullae in both lungs as lung imaging performance, to analyze the common lung imaging performance of SS, and to impove the clinicians' understanding of the common lung imaging performace of the SS patients. Methods: The clinical materials, the results of bronchoscope and pathological examination of a SS patient with pulmonary bullae in both lungs as lung imaging performance were collected, and the relative literatures were reviewed. Results: A young female patient with dyspnea and hemoptysis as the chief complaint was permitted to the hospital. The physical examination results showed rampant tooth and there were no other obvious positive signs. The chest CT results showed the pulmonary bullae in both lungs. Further rheumatism examinations, corneal staining, labial gland biopsy and other assistant examinations were performed, and the patient received the related treatment. The serum immunological results indicated anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and corneal staining (+), and the rheumatoid factors were all positive; the pathology of the lower labial gland biopsy showed the number of lymphocytes in each lesion 50; the patient was diagnosed as SS finally. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. After the treatment, the symptoms of the patient were improved. After discharged from the hospital, the patient was treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide continuously for 2 months. However, reviewing of chest CT showed no significant changes in the lung bullae in both lungs. Conclusion: SS is a connective tissue disease with diverse clinical manifestations. When the lungs are involved, the lung imaging performance also presents no specificity. When the patient' s chest CT indicates the presence of multiple pulmonary bullae in both lungs, and no causes are find out, the possibility of SS should be considered; so that early detection and early treatment should be performed, and misdiagnosis and delay treatment of illness can be avoided.

Measuring and imaging small airways dysfunction in asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways causing typical symptoms, and the diagnosis is supported by evidence of airflow obstruction which is variable, reversible or inducible. However, standard assessment of lung function with spirometry does not measure dysfunction in small airways which are < 2 mm in diameter towards the periphery of the lung. These airways make only a small contribution to airway resistance under normal circumstances. Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence that pathology and dysfunction in these small airways are implicated in the pathogenesis and natural history of asthma. Using forced oscillation and the multibreath nitrogen washout techniques, uneven ventilation (ventilation heterogeneity) due to small airways dysfunction has been shown to be an important marker of asthma disease activity, even in the absence of abnormalities in standard spirometric measurements. Recent advances in imaging research, particularly with hyperpolarised gas magnetic resonance imaging, have also given insights into the significance and dynamic nature of ventilation heterogeneity in asthma. The challenge is to integrate these new physiological and imaging insights to further our understanding of asthma and facilitate potential new treatments.

Clinical analysis of 34 patients of Wegener's granulomatosis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical data of diagnosis and treatment of Wegener' s granulomatosis (WG) in order to understand the nature of this disease. Methods The clinical data including clinical manifestations,laboratory findings imaging features,pathological changes and efficacy of treatment of 34 patients with WG admitted from January 2002 to March 2012 were analyzed.Results Of the 34 patients,male to female ratio was 18 to 16,and the average age subjected to WG onset was (45 ± 15)years old ranged from 18 to 81 years old.The average duration before the diagnosis confirmed was ( 140 ±72) mouths,while 29.4％ was diagnosed within 3 months. The presenting symptoms included initial involvements in lung (41.1％),nose (38.2％ ),eyes ( 11.7％ ),ear (8.8％ ) and constitutional symptoms such as fever (26.4％ ). Throughout the whole disease course,the incidence of systemic impairments were as follows:lung (76.4％),nose (73.5％),kidney (67.6),eyes (58.5％),ear (47.0％),nervous system (41.1％),oral ulcer (20.5％ ).Of laboratory findings,C - ANCA/PR3 -ANCA was positive in 61.7％ patients,P - ANCA/MPO - ANCA positive in 20.5％ patients,ANCA negative in 11.7％ patients,P- ANCA positive with MPO- ANCA negative in one patient (2.9 ％ ) and C -ANCA positive with PR3 and MPO positive in one patient (2.9％ ).Of imaging findings,nodules or masses were most commonly observed (34％), followed by fibrotic lesions (20.5％ ), cavitations ( 17.6％ )、opacities ( 17.6％ ).Typically pathological triad ( vasculitis,necross and granuloma formation)was found in one patient ( 4.3％ ),while two pathological changes of the triad occurred in 10 patients (43.4％). Pulmonary infection was highly prevalent (50％), and of them,20.5％ patients were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis,malignancy or abscess.After admission,high dose of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide were administered as bolus and maintenance therapy. Plasma exchange,intravenous immunoglobulin,and rituximab were added for refractory cases and optimal response were obtained in most cases.Conclusions Wegeners granulomatosis is a clinically complicated entity and sometimes can have progression,leading to misdiagnosis. Early and prompt use of steroids and cyclophosphamide may confer good therapeutic efficacy and avoid life -threatening complications.

Lung imaging and ventilator usage / 中国小儿急救医学

with the development of emergency medicine with respiratory failure in children,imaging has played an important role in critical care of children.Critically ill patients often require ventilator,which need to use imaging methods to monitor the trerapeutic effects and adverse reactions.By imaging tests.it can be helpful in understanding the nature of lung diseases,verifying intubation's location,monitoring ventilatory complications,assessing the comprehensive effect of ventilator,and facilitating ventilator parameter adjustment and mode selection.

The Diagnosis of Subsegmental pulmonary Thromboembolism by Pulmonary Arteriography(Report of 10 Cases) / 介入放射学杂志

Pulmonary Arteriography in 11 patients with pulmonary filling defects found by TC-MAA pulmonary perfusicn were analysed The results of arteriography corresponded well with the results of lung imaging.The technique of pulmonary arteriography, radiologic manifestation of PTE together with the correlation of literatures were discussed.