Correlation of serum androgen and gonadotropin with anti-mullerian hormone in polycystic ovarian syndrome in Eastern Indian population

Background: Ovarian steroidogenesis requires gonadotropin stimulation, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a key factor in the hyperandrogenaemia of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Progesterone is the primary regulator of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency; however, in the polycystic ovary syndrome, the GnRH pulse generator is relatively resistant to the negative feedback effects of progesterone.  Study aims to evaluate the association of Anti-mullerian hormone with serum androgen and gonadotropin level in adolescents and young women of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).Methods: This was a single centre observational Cross-sectional study carried out in the department of Endocrinology and metabolism, Medical College, Kolkata from March 2017 to January 2019. Total number of study subjects were 207 out of which 138 were cases.Results: The AMH had strong positive correlation with serum testosterone in both case and control groups (r 0.542, p<0.001 and r 0.57, p<0.001) respectively .After the adjustment of age and BMI , the AMH moderately positive  but extremely significant correlation with serum testosterone as compare to control.Conclusions: Hyperandrogenaemia and higher ratio of LH and FSH associated with higher serum AMH level is associated with the higher serum AMH in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Comparative evaluation of menstrual patterns and hormonal profiles in normal and abnormal perimenopause

Background: Currently there is only one marker to objectively establish perimenopause ie menstrual irregularities. Due to the wide variation in hormones like LH, FSH, estradiol, they become unreliable in predicting approaching menopause. This study was conducted to study and compare the patterns of LH, FSH and Estradiol in normal and abnormal perimenopause using the Stages of Reproductive Ageing Workshop (STRAW) criteria.Methods: A comparative evaluation was done after enrolling 200 patients out of which 100 women were in normal perimenopause (early-25 and late perimenopause-75, depending upon menstrual characteristics as defined by STRAW criteria) and 100 having AUB. Sociodemographic data, presence of menopausal symptoms were recorded. S. LH, S.FSH and S. estradiol we determined by adapted solid phase direct sandwich ELISA.Results: FSH was in menopausal ranges (>20IU/L) in early and late perimenopause. LH and FSH in women with AUB ranged from pre to post menopausal ranges. There was significant difference in LH and FSH between normal perimenopause and abnormal uterine bleeding. Estradiol levels showed a significant difference between late perimenopause and AUB p=0.015.Conclusions: This study shows that there is a progressive incremental trend in FSH and LH and decremental trend in Estradiol from early to late perimenopause due to decrease in ovarian follicular reserve, although the difference is not significant. Clinical symptoms present in 50% of late perimenopausal women showed that besides menstrual characteristics we can correlate these menopausal symptoms with raised FSH and low Estradiol. These women can be picked up and preventive therapy may be provided.

Exposure to Atrazine Elicits Morpho-Physiological and Testicular Dysfuntions in adult male rats

@#Some of the environmental toxicants acting as endocrine disruptors have been associated with health hazards in human and wildlife by modulating hormonal actions. The widely used herbicide; atrazine (ATZ) is a potent endocrine and testicular disruptor. However, studies on it remain largely inconclusive especially whether the effects are reversible or permanent. We therefore designed this study to evaluate the histological and hormonal changes associated with differential ATZ exposure. Twenty (20) adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (5 rats per group) control and three experimental groups. Control received the vehicle; the 3 groups received ATZ, 38.5, 77.0 and 154.0 mg/kg bw/day for 30 days respectively. The effects of Atrazine were assessed through histopathological observation, spermatozoa quality examination and reproductive hormone levels. Results showed that irrespective of the ATZ dose, there was significant decrease in weight, severe pathological changes in testicular tissue, decrease in the quality of semen and altered luteinizing hormone (LH) of the rats. Taken together, our findings showed that ATZ exposure could lead to poor reproductive ability in male Wistar rats