Morphological Study Of Spleen And Variations In South Indian Population

Background and Aim:The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ in the human body. It is highly vascular andfriable.It is affected in various clinical conditions like infections and storage functions. The aim of the study isto find out the morphological variations of spleen.The present study is undertaken to report the prevalence ofvariations involving weight, length, breadth, width (thickness) and the number of notches of spleen in thecadavers of South India population.Materials and Methods: The study was done in 50 human adult cadaveric spleens of both sexes preserved in 10%formalin. The weight, length, breadth, thickness were measured and the number of notches present were noted.Results:The weight of fifty spleens studied varied from 80- 200gm in 43(86%), 201-300gm in 6 (12%) and above300gm in 1(2%) , the length of the spleen on the visceral surface measured from upper pole to lower pole variedfrom 6-9cm in 25(50%) and 10-15 cm in 25 (50%) .The breadth of the spleen varied from 2-5 cm in 16 (32%)specimen, 6-9 cm in 32 (64%) specimen and 10-13 cm in 2 (4%) specimen respectively. The width (thickness) takenat the midpoint of the spleen varied from 2-4 cm in 48 (96%) specimen and 5-6 cm in 2 (48%) specimenrespectively.In the present study the number of notches varied from zero to six, but in most of the specimens therewere one or two notches.However accessory spleen was not found at the hilum of thespleen.Conclusion:The findings of the present study will be of fundamental importance to the physicians,surgeons andradiologists.It also furnishes much insights on clinical utility and significance of spleen.

Human Spleen-a Study Of Its Morphological Variations

Background: Spleen is a large encapsulated mass of vascular and lymphoid tissue. Clinically, study of spleen isimportant in immunological and haematological disorders. The purpose of the study is to analyse themorphological variations of spleen and to compare them with previous studies.Materials and methods: The present study was carried out with 35 spleens at the Department of Anatomy,Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur and the various morphological variationswere observed.Results: Out of the 35 spleens studied, 6 spleens were tetrahedral, 12 spleens were triangular, 15 spleens werewedge shaped and 2 spleens were oval shaped. The mean length was 10.91cm, the mean breadth was 6.7cm andthe mean width was 4.9cm.Conclusions: 35 normal spleens were studied and their shapes, lengths, breadths, widths were analysed

Morphology and anatomic-surgical segmentation of the spleen of Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758 / Morfologia e segmentação anátomo-cirúrgica do baço de Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758

The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ with importance in clinical surgery. Due this and the lack of data in the literature, the current paper analyzes the organ´s morphology and segmentation in collared peccaries. Twenty animals were used at the Center for the Multiplication of Wild Animals of the Universidade Federal Rural do SemiÁrido, Mossoró RN Brazil. The spleen was removed with the splenic pedicle preserved, identifying the lineal artery and vein. Fragments from four spleens were harvested to be examined under light microscopy. They were fixed in a paraformaldehyde solution 4% and buffered with sodium phosphate 0.1M, pH 7.4. Routine histological techniques were performed: the spleens were dehydrated in increasing ethanol concentrations; diaphanized in xylol; soaked in paraffin; 7µm cuts were obtained and stained by hematoxylin-eosin or Gomori trichrome technique. The intraparenchemal vascularization of sixteen spleens were analyzed by latex or vinilite acetate perfusal of the lineal artery and vein and the organ fixed, respectively, in a water solution of formaldehyde 10% or immersed in a solution of sulfuric acid 30%. The collared peccary´s spleen had a tongue-like shape. Under the microscope, the spleen featured an intermediary type, with a great amount of white pulp, a predominance of red pulp and few trabeculae. The spleen´s segments had three different regions, namely dorsal, middle and ventral, in irrigation terms with a possible surgical removal of the dorsal region. Knowledge on the angio-architecture and segmentation of the spleen will be a contribution for surgical procedures in wild species, having a great relevance when partial splenectomy is required.

O baço é um órgão linfoide secundário e com importância na clínica cirúrgica. Diante da inexistência de dados na literatura, este artigo estudou a morfologia e segmentação deste órgão em catetos. Foram utilizados 20 animais que vieram a óbito por causas naturais no Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, Brasil. O baço foi coletado preservando-se o pedículo esplênico, pelo qual identificavam-se a artéria e a veia lienais. Fragmentos de quatro baços foram coletados para análise em microscopia de luz. Estes foram fixados em solução de paraformaldeído a 4% tamponado com fosfato de sódio 0,1M, pH 7,4 e submetidos a técnicas histológicas de rotina. Os baços foram desidratados em concentrações crescentes de etanol; diafanizados em xilol; embebidos em parafina e obtidos cortes de 7µm e corados pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina ou tricrômio de Gomori. A vascularização intraparenquimal de vinte baços foram analisadas através da perfusão de latex ou acetato de vinilite na artéria e veia lienais e logo o órgão foi fixado, respectivamente, em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% ou imersos em solução de ácido sulfúrico a 30%. O baço do cateto apresentou-se como uma estrutura longa com forma similar a uma língua. Microscopicamente, o baço caracterizou-se como do tipo intermediário, possuindo quantidade considerável de polpa branca, com predominância da polpa vermelha e poucas trabéculas. A segmentação do baço em termos de irrigação apresentou três regiões distintas: dorsal, média e ventral, com a região dorsal passível de remoção cirúrgica. O conhecimento sobre a angioarquitetura e segmentação do baço de cateto contribuirá para a realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos nesta espécie silvestre e de grande importância quando se fizer necessário a esplenectomia parcial.

Morphological Variations Of Spleen: A Cadaveric Study In South Indian Population

Background and aim: Spleen, a secondary lymphoid organ presents with wide variations in morphology. Size andweight of the spleen varies at different ages and different individuals and in the same individuals under differentconditions. Further, a good knowledge about the morphological variations is very important to the physiciansand surgeons for any pathological conditions of spleen. The aim of the present study was to find out themorphological variations of spleens particularly in the South Indian Population.Materials and methods: A properly embalmed 40 cadaveric spleens were selected for the present study. The studywas carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Rajah Muthiah Medical College,Annamalai University,AnnamalaiNagar, Chidambaram, Cuddalore district, TamilNadu. The data were collected and statistical analysis was done.Results: The present study observed many variations in shapes and sizes of the spleen.Conclusions: In healthy states the spleen is not palpable. However, enlargement of spleen (splenomegaly) thatoccurs in malaria, kalaazar, sarcoidosis and leukaemia it becomes palpable. The morphological variations ofspleen in the present study will be useful to the physicians and surgeons in the diagnosis and treatment ofvarious disorders of spleen.

Immune cell trafficking and dynamic immunity / 中国免疫学杂志

Immune cell trafficking is a fundamental feature and common phenomenon in immunity. The dynamic trafficking of immune cells and interactions among immune cells and microenvironmental stromal cells underlie various immune events and play important roles for immune development and function. In this review,the major and representative progresses in this field in recent years were summarized and discussed.

Morfologia e topografia do baço da paca ( Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) / Morphology and topography of the spleen of paca ( Cuniculus paca )

A paca é um grande roedor, presente em parte do território brasileiro e na América Latina, cuja importância está na crescente produção comercial de carne exótica e na pesquisa científica como um promissor modelo experimental. Assim, este trabalho objetivou-se descrever a morfologia e a topografia do baço da paca (Cuniculus paca). Foram utilizadas cinco pacas adultas, machos e fêmeas, fixadas em formaldeído a 10% e armazenados em solução salina a 30% para sua conservação. Na paca, o baço tem sua localização relacionada ao estômago, ao fígado, ao rim esquerdo, ao pâncreas e ao omento maior. Possui forma irregular, sendo mais longo do que largo, possui coloração avermelhada-escura e textura lisa. Quanto à descrição histológica, apresenta cápsula de tecido conjuntivo denso que emitiu trabéculas que se projetam no parênquima. A cápsula e as trabéculas apresentam fibras musculares lisas. O parênquima è composto pela polpa branca e polpa vermelha, esta última formada por seios e cordões esplênicos.(AU)

Paca is a large rodent, distributed in part of the Brazilian territory and in Latin America, whose importance is related to the crescent commercial production of exotic meat and in scientific research as a promising experimental model. The morphology and topography of the spleen of paca (Cuniculus paca) is described. Five adult pacas, male and female, were fixed with formaldehyde 10% and stored in 30% saline solution for preservation. The spleen of paca has the anatomical position related to stomach, liver, left kidney, pancreas and greater omentum. The spleenis irregular, longer than larger, with reddish-dark color and smooth texture. Related to the histological description, the spleen has capsule of dense connective tissue that emitted trabeculae projecting into the parenchyma. The capsule and trabeculae has smooth muscle fibers. The parenchyma is composed by the white and red pulp, the latter composed with sinusoids and splenic cords.(AU)

Morphological Study of Cadaveric Human Spleen.

Background: This study deal with the morphology of spleen regarding to shape, notches, and fissure on superior, inferior and diaphragmatic, visceral surface and compared with different study done previously. Methods: This study was done in the department of Anatomy, Chattishgarh Institute of Medical Science, Bilaspur, C.G. India. The study was done on 50 formalin fixed human middle age cadaveric spleen. The spleen was observed grossly and photograph was taken. The data was displayed in tabulated form. Results: The present study was done on 50 formalin fixed human cadaveric spleen, out of which 23(46%) spleen showed wedge shape, 19 (38%) spleen showed tetrahedral shape, 8(16%) spleen showed triangular shape. Among 50 spleen 35 (70%) exhibit notches on the superior border ,4(8%) exhibit notches on the inferior border, 6 (12%) exhibit no notches on either border of spleen, 5(10%) exhibit notches on the both border of spleen, 3 (6%) having fissures on the diaphragmatic surface of spleen . Notches on the superior border are commonly observed but it varies between 1 to 6 and in majority of spleen, it exhibits 1-3 notches respectively. Conclusion: This study provide knowledge about shape, notches, fissures of spleen hence this study useful for clinicians, surgeon, anatomist, radiologist for proper diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Presence of Large Bilobed Thymus In Adult Male Cadaver.

Introduction: Thymus is an asymmetrical bilobed mass of lymphoid tissue.It is the most important component of superior medistinum. Embryologically it develops as a bilobed structure from the third pharyngeal pouches of embryo in common with inferior parathyroid gland. It is clinically important for differential diagnosis of radiological review of mediastinal mass. Its persistence in adults, its embryological and anatomical features are necessary before doing any invasive procedures. Materials And Methods:The study was carried out on six embalmed formalin fixed cadavers of known age and sex in Anatomy Department of Kanyakumari Government Medical College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu. A large bilobed thymus was found in a 40 year old male cadaver. Result And Conclusion: Thus we found a large bilobed thymus in 40 year old male cadaver.This fact is clinically important for radiologist to make differential diagnosis in case of mediastinal mass.A thorough knowledge of embryology and anatomy of the thymus,normal variations and ectopic location of thymus and its dynamic changes is neccesary before doing any therapeutic,diagnostic and invasive procedures.