Risk of renal damage associated with intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic macular edema in routine clinical practice

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti?VEGF) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. However, there is little information about the systemic effects of intraocular administration of anti?VEGF drugs in patients with coexistent diabetic nephropathy because it can produce adverse renal effects. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the effect of intravitreal anti?VEGF drugs (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept) on eFGR and microalbuminuria (MicA) in patients with diabetic macular edema and nonproliferative retinopathy without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results: Sixty?six patients were included, 54.5% male and 45.5% female, with a mean age of 66.70 ± 11.6 years. The mean follow?up of patients with antiangiogenic treatment was 42.5 ± 28.07 months, and the mean number of injections was 10.91 ± 7.54. In 12.1% of the cases, there was a worsening of the glomerular filtration rate (eFGR) and a 19.7% worsening of the microalbuminuria (MicA). The number of injections was not related to the worsening of the eFGR (P = 0.74) or the MicA (P = 0.239). No relationship was found between the type of drug and the deterioration of the GFR (P = 0.689) or the MicA (P = 0.53). Conclusions: Based on the results, there is a small proportion of patients with increase in MicA and the decrease in eFGR after anti?VEGF therapy, and these was no associated with the number of injection or the drug type. Ophthalmologists should be aware of renal damage in order to do a close monitoring of renal function and proteinuria after intravitreal administration of anti?VEGF mainly in hypertensive patients.

Machinability of Zirconia Toughened Mica Glass Ceramics for Dental Restorations / Usinabilidade de cerâmica de vidro de mica temperada com zircônia para restaurações dentárias

Objective: For a dental material to be machinable for CAD/CAM technology, it must offer convenient machining, under a given set of cutting conditions. Quantitative evaluation of machinability has been assessed in literature through various parameters such as tool wear, penetration rates, surface roughness, cutting force and power. A machinable ceramic will typically demonstrate a higher tool penetration rate with signs of reduced diamond tool wear and edge chipping. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the feasibility of machining an experimental ceramic, 20 wt.% zirconia reinforced mica glass ceramics (G20Z) for indirect dental restorations and compare the tool penetration rates of G20Z to commercially available dental ceramics, Presintered Zirconia (PSZ) and IPS emax CAD. Material and Methods: Precursors of base glass (SiO2 -Al2O3 -K2O -MgO-B2O3 -F) were melted at 15000C for 2 h in a platinum crucible and quenched in deionised water. The glass frit was ball milled with 20 wt. % YSZ (G20Z) and subject to two stage heat treatment in a muffle furnace. Specimens of G20Z (12 X 2 mm) were evaluated for their feasibility of machining under varying spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rates. Influence of depth of cut, spindle speed and feed rate (vc=8000-16000 rpm, d=0.4-0.8 mm, f=0.1- 0.3 mm/tooth) on cutting forces, material response, surface roughness and tool wear were investigated. Tool penetration rates, tool wear and margin chipping were also evaluated and compared with Pre-sintered Zirconia (PSZ) and e.max CAD in a custom dental milling surveyor at 30,000 rpm with a load of 0.98 N under water lubrication for 6 min. Tool penetration rates were calculated as the ratio of length of cut and milling time with a measuring microscope and scanning electron microscope was used for tool wear and edge chipping. ANOVA and Tukey Kramer tests were used for statistically comparing the means of each group. Results: Spindle speed and feed rate play a significant role in influencing surface roughness, thrust force, cutting forces and tool wear. Penetration rates of G20Z (0.32 ±0.12 mm/min) was significantly greater than PSZ (0.26 ±0.06 mm/min) and IPS e.max CAD (0.21 ±0.05 mm/min). SEM observations reveal tool abrasion and edge chipping regardless of the ceramic type. Conclusion: High spindle speeds delivers low cutting forces with an average surface roughness of 1.61 µm, with abrasive wear of the tool insert and brittle fracture of zirconia mica glass ceramic composites. G20Z with its machinable nature demonstrates greater tool penetration rates than PSZ and IPS e.max CAD. Tool wear and edge chipping is seen in all the investigated ceramics. (AU)

Objetivo: Para que um material odontológico seja usinável para a tecnologia CAD / CAM, ele deve oferecer uma usinagem conveniente, sob um determinado conjunto de condições de corte. A avaliação quantitativa da usinabilidade tem sido avaliada na literatura por meio de vários parâmetros, como desgaste da ferramenta, taxas de penetração, rugosidade da superfície, força de corte e potência. Uma cerâmica usinável normalmente demonstrará uma maior taxa de penetração da ferramenta com sinais de desgaste reduzido da ferramenta de diamante e lascamento da borda. O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a viabilidade da usinagem de uma cerâmica experimental, 20% em peso de cerâmica de vidro de mica reforçada com zircônia (G20Z) para restaurações dentárias indiretas e comparar as taxas de penetração da ferramenta de G20Z com as cerâmicas dentais comercialmente disponíveis, Zircônia Presinterizada (PSZ) e IPS emax CAD. Material e Métodos: Precursores de vidro base (SiO2-Al2O3-K2O -MgO-B2O3 -F) foram fundidos a 15000C por 2 h em um cadinho de platina e temperados em água deionizada. A frita de vidro foi moída com 20% em peso de YSZ (G20Z) e submetida a tratamento térmico em duas fases em mufla. Amostras de G20Z (12 x 2 mm) foram avaliadas quanto à sua viabilidade de usinagem sob variação de velocidade do fuso, profundidade de corte e taxas de avanço. A influência da profundidade de corte, velocidade do fuso e taxa de avanço (vc = 8000-16000 rpm, d = 0,4-0,8 mm, f = 0,1- 0,3 mm / dente) nas forças de corte, resposta do material, rugosidade da superfície e desgaste da ferramenta foram investigadas. As taxas de penetração da ferramenta, o desgaste da ferramenta e o lascamento da margem também foram avaliados e comparados com Zircônia pré-sinterizada (PSZ) e e.max CAD em um topógrafo de fresamento dentário personalizado a 30.000 rpm com uma carga de 0,98 N de lubrificação subaquática por 6 min. As taxas de penetração da ferramenta foram calculadas como a razão entre o comprimento de corte e o tempo de fresamento com um microscópio de medição e um microscópio eletrônico de varredura foi usado para o desgaste da ferramenta e lascamento da borda. Os testes ANOVA e Tukey Kramer foram usados para comparar estatisticamente as médias de cada grupo. Resultados: a velocidade do fuso e a taxa de avanço desempenham um papel significativo em influenciar a rugosidade da superfície, força de impulso, forças de corte e desgaste da ferramenta. As taxas de penetração de G20Z (0,32 ± 0,12 mm / min) foram significativamente maiores do que PSZ (0,26 ± 0,06 mm / min) e IPS e.max CAD (0,21 ± 0,05 mm / min). As observações do SEM revelam a abrasão da ferramenta e o lascamento da borda, independentemente do tipo de cerâmica. Conclusão: As altas velocidades do fuso proporcionam baixas forças de corte com uma rugosidade superficial média de 1,61 µm, com desgaste abrasivo do inserto da ferramenta e fratura frágil de compósitos de cerâmica de vidro de zircônia. G20Z com sua natureza usinável demonstra maiores taxas de penetração da ferramenta do que PSZ e IPS e.max CAD. O desgaste da ferramenta e o lascamento da borda são vistos em todas as cerâmicas investigadas. (AU)

Detection of anti-HLA and anti-MICA in convalescent plasma from individuals recovered from COVID-19 / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the positive rate of antibodies against human leukocyte antigen(HLA)and MHC class I chain-related gene A(MICA) in the convalescent plasma from individuals recovered from COVID-19. 【Methods】 HLA-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ and MICA antibodies were screened simultaneously by Luminex platform. The specificity of HLA-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ antibodies was identified by single antigen reagents.The positive rate of antibody in different groups were compared by Chi-square test. 【Results】 A total of 88 cases of convalescent plasma were collected, among which the positive rates of HLA-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ and MICA antibodies were 18.19%, 19.32% and 10.23%, respectively, and 64 individuals (72.73%) were negative for HLA-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ antibodies. 95 blood donors were randomly selected as the control group, and the positive rate of HLA-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ and MICA antibodies were 8.42%, 13.68% and 10.53%, respectively, and 76 individuals(80.00%) were negative for HLA-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ antibodies. There were no significant difference in the positive rates of HLA-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ and MICA antibodies between convalescent individuals and control group. The specificity of HLA antibody to epitopes was different in each convalescent individual with positive HLA antibodies, and most antibodies were targeted to the epitopes of multiple HLA alleles. 【Conclusion】 A certain proportion of HLA antibody was found in the convalescent plasma of individuals recovered from COVID-19. Therefore, HLA antibody screening is helpful to improve the safety of transfusion.

Recurrent miscarriage in North Indian population: a study of association of polymorphisms in genes coding for the natural killer: cell receptor natural killer group 2, member D and its ligand MHC class I chain-related protein A

Background: The objective of this present study was to investigate the possible association of natural killer group (NKG) receptors gene polymorphisms and MHC class I chain-related protein A (MICA) gene polymorphism with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).Methods: Three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in NKG2D gene (rs2255336, rs2617160 and rs2617170) and one SNP in MICA gene (MICA129) rs1051792 were assessed in 100 controls and 100 patients employing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: NKG2D (rs2617160) and MICA 129 (rs1051792) variants are associated with RSA risk in North Indian women.Conclusions: The NKG2D and MICA129 gene polymorphisms may influence the success of pregnancy in North Indian women population.

Abhraka Bhasma A Boon Of Ayurveda To Mankind: A Review

Abhraka bhasma is a popular Rasashastra medicine in Ayurveda stream. It is basically herbomineral preparation used by all Ayurvedic Vaidyas since long time. Abhraka is basically Mica (Biotite). Bhasma is nothing but incinerated ash. Rasashastra is an Indian metallurgy which deals with several minerals and herbomineral preparations specially Bhasmas. There are several popular bhasmas in Ayurveda but there is great demand of this Bhasma in Ayurvedic vaidyas. Use of this bhasma is in multiple disorders, so could be consider as a major Ayurvedic drug. Published details scientific literature on Abhraka bhasma by various research scholars, internet & pharmacopeias were reviewed. The review was done to find physicochemical characteristics as well as standardization studies done on Abhraka bhasma. Also attempt is to made to find scientific studies done on Abhraka bhasma. Need of hour to evaluate its efficacy value as potential Ayurvedic drug in various disorders. As well as importance of Abhraka bhasma as an evidence-based drug. Review of literatures and scientific studies of Abhraka bhasma clearly indicate that there are lot of studies is done on Abhraka bhasma’s specially it’s physicochemical characteristics, standardization as well as it’s therapeutic uses. Abhraka bhasma is indicated in several ailments like Diabetes, Asthma, Paralysis, Neurological condition, Tuberculosis and Acid peptic diseases.

Rasgos tomográficos de los septos del seno maxilar en pacientes de la clínica dental docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia / Tomographic features of the maxillary sinus septa in patients of the dental clinic of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

Los septos del seno maxilar son variantes anatómicas que se forman como resultado de los residuos de la hipoplasia en diferentes áreas del proceso alveolar siendo de forma, tamaño y número variable. Su hallazgo se puede realizar mediante radiografías panorámicas de rutina. La importancia de un septo en el seno maxilar es que puede generar modificaciones para las cirugías, pudiendo ser necesario abrir dos o más ventanas quirúrgicas para su remoción. Objetivo: La finalidad de este estudio fue analizar los rasgos tomográficos de los septos del seno maxilar en pacientes que asistieron entre los años 2014 - 2016 a la clínica dental docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Materiales y métodos: Esta investigación fue de tipo transversal y descriptivo, para ello se examinaron 813 tomografías computarizadas volumétricas. La prueba de chi cuadrado y la estadística descriptiva se usaron para el análisis, con un intervalo de confianza al 95%, con un valor p < 0,05. Resultados: 298 pacientes presentaron septos, presentando mayor porcentaje los septos congénitos (69.2%) y fueron más comunes en pacientes de sexo femenino con un 36%.Conclusiones: prevalecieron los septos de tipo congénito, lo que indica que se formaron a partir del desarrollo radicular.

The septa of the maxillary sinus are anatomical variants that are formed as a result of the residues of hypoplasia in different areas of the alveolar process, being of variable shape, size and number.Your finding can be made using routine panoramic radiographs. The importance of a septum in the maxillary sinus is that it can generate modifications for maxillary sinus surgeries, and it may be necessary to open two or more surgical windows for its removal. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the tomographic features of the maxillary sinus septa in patients who attended the teaching dental clinic of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia between 2014- 2016. Materials and methods: This research was cross-sectional and descriptive, for which 813 cone beam CT scans were examined. Chi square test and descriptive statistics were used for the analysis, with a 95% confidence interval, with a value p < 0.05. Results: 298 patients presented septa, with a higher percentage of congenital septa (69.2%) and were more common in female patients with 36%. Conclusions: the congenital type septa prevailed, which indicates that they were formed from root development.

A Prospective Comparative Study To Assess The Attitude Of Nursing Students Towards Psychiatry

Purpose: To study the attitudes of nursing students towards psychiatry, psychiatrists, mental health, mental illness and mentally ill persons before exposure to training in mental hospital and to find out if there is any difference between pre training and post training attitude Study design: Prospective comparative study. Methodology: 500 GNM. nursing students and 500 Bsc nursing students were taken in the sample who were posted to IMH, Amritsar for training. Their attitude towards psychiatry was assessed by applying two scales i.e. Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitude Scale (MICA-4) and Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) before and after the end of the training. Their score was compared within the group and between the groups to detect any improvement in their attitude after the training period. ANOVAand chi square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results:Considering GNM group, their mean score on MICAwas 57.85±6.37 before training but after training it reduced to 55.04±6.90. On OMSHC scale their pre-training score was 59.71±7.04 which reduced to 54.52±5.59. In both of these conditions change was statistically insignificant. Considering Bsc nursing group, their pre-training score on MICA was 55.58±7.00 and their post-training score on the same scale came out to be 46.33±5.06. On OMS-HC scale their pre-training score was 57.17±4.38 which became 55.92±2.56 after the training got over. Change came out to be statistically insignificant in both of the conditions. Conclusion: Our result suggests that the training was able to produce some positive change in some of the students' overall attitudes towards psychiatry, psychiatrists, mental health and people with mental illness. Students with previous experience with people with mental illness or having utilized mental health services themselves, were shown to be less stigmatized compared to students without any such kind of experience.

A arqueologia da psicodinâmica do trabalho no Brasil / The archeology of work psychodynamics in Brazil

O objetivo do texto é apresentar dados que constituíram a arqueologia da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho no Brasil. Metodologia: foram realizadas 16 entrevistas individuais com Dejours e outros pesquisadores brasileiros que contribuíram para a introdução e disseminação dela no país e que adotam a abordagem em suas pesquisas. Para as entrevistas, considerou-se como critério o levantamento dos pesquisadores que estiveram no CNAM e os componentes do GT (Grupo de Trabalho em Psicodinâmica do Trabalho) da ANPEPP (Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa no Brasil). Os resultados são apresentados considerando quatro aspectos: as raízes da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho no Brasil; a expansão da Psicodinâmica no Brasil; divergências e convergências entre contexto francês e brasileiro; e críticas e limitações em relação à Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Seguem as considerações finais.

The purpose of the text is to present data that constituted the archeology of work psychodynamics in Brazil. Methodology: individual interviews were conducted with Dejours and 16 Brazilian researchers who contributed to the introduction and dissemination of it in the country and researchers that currently use this regard in their researches. For the interviews, the survey had considered as a criteria the researchers that had been in the CNAM and the components of the GT (working group) on Psychodynamics of the work of Anpepp (National Association of Postgraduate and Research in Brazil). Results are presented considering four aspects: the roots of the Psychodynamics in Brazil; the expansion of the Psychodynamic in Brazil; divergences and convergences between the French and Brazilian context; and critics and limits concerning the Psychodynamics. Afterwards conclusions are presented.

Antitumor efficacy of bispecific antibody mAb04-MICA to human leukemia cell K562 in vitro and in vivo / 中国药科大学学报

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a bispecific antibody mAb04-MICA on human leukemia cell K562 both in vitro and vivo. mAb04-MICA was previously found to posses excellent anti-angiogenic activity, and have the ability to recruit immune surveillance in tumor microenvironment. In this study, the affinity of mAb04-MICA to VEGFR2 and NKG2D was identified by ELISA. CCK8 was used to detect the effect of mAb04-MICA on K562 proliferation. The cross reactivity of mAb04-MICA to murine VEGFR2 was determined by flow cytometry assay. To evaluate the antitumor activity of mAb04-MICA,tumor volume,tumor weight and the survival of K562 tumor-bearing nude mice were analyzed. The anti-angiogenic activity was determined by immunohisto-chemistry. The results indicated that mAb04-MICA could target to VEGFR2 and NKG2D,and inhibit K562 pro-liferation specifically. Besides,mAb04-MICA showed high binding capacity to murine VEGFR2. The bispecific antibody exhibited superior antitumor efficacy to the maternal monoclonal antibody and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. The expression of Ki-67,p-VEGFR2,VEGF and CD34 in mAb04-MICA treated group was significantly reduced. The results indicated that mAb04-MICA could attenuate the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and impair angiogenesis of the tumor microenviroment. Therefore,mAb04-MICA could be further developed as a potential tumor targeted immunotherapeutic agent for leukemia.

High expression of MICA/B prolongs disease-free survival in patients with HER2positive breast cancer / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the relationship between expression of MICA/B (MHC class I chain-related proteinA/B) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with HER2+(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) breast cancer tissue. Methods: Twenty six cases of corresponding para-cancerous tissue and 100 cases of HER2+ breast cancer tissue that preserved in wax at Zhengzhou People’ s Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University from January 2009 to June 2010 were collected for this study. Expression of MICA/ B in these tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry; and the relationship between MICA/B expression with clinicopathologic features as well as DFS was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results: The expression of MICA/B in adjacent paracancerous tissues was negative (0/26), however, it was highly positive in cancer tissues (92/100), and the percentage with high expression was 65%(65/100), the difference was significant (P<0.05). High MICA/B expression rate in stage I was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ (77.55% vs 52.94%， P<0.05), and the high expression rate in stage T1 was also significantly higher than that in stage T2-T4 (75.00% vs 52.27%， P<0.05). High MICA/B expression rate in ER+, PR+ group (with positive number≥1%) was significantly lower than that in ER- , PR-group (ER： 52.38% vs 74.14%，PR： 51.35% vs 73.02%， all P<0.05). MICA/B expression was correlated with clinical stages, the expression of ER, PR and tumor size (all P<0.05), but not associated with menopausal status, histological grade and lymph node metastasis (all P>0.05). Over-expression of MICA/B was closely associated with much better 6-year DFS rate in patients no matter with or without targeted therapy (the targeted group: 90.6% vs 72.2%; the untargeted group: 78.4% vs 58.8%, all P<0.05). Conclusion: Over-expression of MICA/B in HER2+ breast cancer tissue is closely related to DFS, which may be served as a potential prognosis indicator for patients with HER2+ breast cancer.

ZHU Fangshi's Experience of Treating the Chronic Atrophic Gastritis in the Combination of Disease and Syndrome / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To summarize the academic views and clinical experiences of Professor ZHU Fangshi in treating chronic atrophy gastritis. [Methods] Through the study of clinic with the teacher,registration of typical cases,consulting relevant literature,from the aspects of etiology and pathogenesis,such as dialectical treatment from this Professor ZHU Fangshi academic view and clinical experience in treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis, for their disease, combined Chinese and western, each a summary on the characteristics of pathogenesis and formulas of body and mind, and medical record as evidence. [Results]Professor ZHU Fangshi through the wei-qi-ying-blood divides chronic atrophic gastritis into four stages(Wei-Qi-Yin-Blood)corresponding to the four pathological periods(atrophy-intestinal metaplasia-low level intraepithelial neoplasia-high level intraepithelial neoplasia),stage disease.On the basis of the dialectic,it can be divided into weak spleen and stomach yin deficiency,Qi deficiency and blood stasis heat syndrome,liver stomach with four types often witness, dialectical different diseases for different medication, and combined disease also emphasizes the nourishment, physical and mental treatment, the clinical curative effect is satisfactory.[Conclusion] The treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis combined with disease has good clinical curative effect, the disease by stages,and combined disease and syndrome of medical academic view and clinical experience is worthy of promotion.

Antígenos MICA y trasplante / MICA antigens and transplantation

Los antígenos leucocitarios humanos (HLA, del inglés human leukocyte antigens), codificados por los genes del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad (MHC, del inglés m ajor histocompatibility complex), actúan como inductores de las respuestas inmunitarias en el trasplante; sin embargo, los productos de los genes relacionados a cadenas MHC clase I (MIC, del inglés MHC class I chain-related genes), constituyen también uno de los blancos del rechazo. La familia de los genes MIC consta de siete miembros, de los cuales solo MICA y MICB son funcionales. Los transcriptos son glicoproteínas de superficie celular de 62 kDA que presentan homología en su secuencia con las moléculas HLA clase I y cuya función está relacionada con la inmunidad innata. En los órganos trasplantados ocurre un incremento en la expresión de los antígenos MICA como una señal temprana de "peligro" debido al trauma quirúrgico y la isquemia. Esta sobrexpresión antigénica puede llevar al rechazo mediado por anticuerpos anti-MICA que activan el complemento y por un incremento de la citotoxicidad debido a la estimulación en los linfocitos citolíticos naturales (NK, del inglés natural killer) y los linfocitos CD8+ &+ αß y γδ, del receptor conocido como NKG2D (NK grupo 2 miembro D(AU)

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA), encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, act as inducers of immune responses in transplantation. However, the products of the genes related to MHC class I chains (MIC) are also one of the targets of rejection. The family of MIC genes consists of seven members, of which only MICA and MICB are functional. Transcripts are cell surface glycoproteins of 62 kDa that exhibit homology in sequence with HLA class I molecules and whose function is related to innate immunity. In transplanted organs an increase in the expression of MICA antigens occurs as an early sign of "danger" due to surgical trauma and ischemia. This antigenic overexpression can lead to rejection mediated by complement-activating anti-MICA antibodies and by increased cytotoxicity due to stimulation in natural killer (NK) lymphocytes and CD8 + + αß and γδ lymphocytes. Receptor known as NKG2D (NK group 2 member D)(AU)

Carcinoma metaplásico de mama com diferenciação osteossarcomatosa: um relato de caso / Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osteosarcomatoid differentiation: a case report

Relato de caso de um osteossarcoma metaplásico da mama em um hospital de Teresina, com resumo e discussão de literatura. O carcinoma metaplásico da mama é mais comum em mulheres entre 55 e 60 anos. Apresenta-se em forma de uma massa palpável sem preferência por quadrante, com rápido crescimento e geralmente é mais largo do que outros tipos de tumores mamários. Os carcinomas têm poucos receptores para hormônios sexuais. No caso de carcinoma metaplá- sico com diferenciação osteossarcomatosa, sua apresentação é bem agressiva. A decisão sobre o tratamento apresenta di culdades em função do baixo número de casos relatados na literatura. Neste relato, apresenta-se uma paciente com carcinoma metaplásico e diferenciação osteossarco- matosa no quadrante superior da mama direita. Foi realizada uma mastectomia com ressecção da pele do quadrante e do segmento do músculo peitoral in ltrado pelo tumor, com preservação do restante da pele e do complexo papiloareolar. Serão discutidas as descobertas patológicas. Devido às diversas opções de tratamento disponíveis para a paciente, conclui-se que mais estudos devem ser realizados sobre qual terapêutica possui maior impacto no prognóstico do paciente, bem como o papel da radioterapia/quimioterapia no paciente.

is is a case report of an osteosarcomatoid metaplastic breast carcinoma in a hospital in Teresina, Brazil, with review and discussion on the theme. Breast metaplastic carcinoma is more common in women aged 55 and 60 years old. It is usually in the form of a palpable mass with no predilection for any quadrant and rapid growth and is generally larger than other types of breast tumors. ese tumors have few receptors for sex hormones. In the case of metaplastic carcinoma with osteosarcomatoid di erentiation, its presentation is quite aggres- sive. A decision on the treatment procedure presents di culties due to the low number of cases reported in the literature. In this report, we present a patient with metaplastic carcinoma and sarcomatoid di erentiation in the right upper quadrant of the right breast. It was performed a mastectomy with quadrant skin resection and segment of the pectoral muscle in ltration by the tumor with preservation of the rest of the skin and papiloareolar complex. It will be discussed the pathological ndings. Due to the several treatment options available to the patient, it can be concluded that more studies must be done on what kind of treatment has the greatest impact on patient prognosis, as well as the role of radiotherapy/chemotherapy on patient.

Effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on cytotoxicity of human NK cells to colon cancer cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the cytotoxicity of human NK cells induced by atorvastatin to colon cancer cell lines. Methods:After colon cancer cells (HCT-116,SW-480,Caco-2) were cultured with different concentrations of atorvastatin, CCK-8 assay was used to assess the effect of atorvastatin on growth of colon cancer cells. The amplification of human NK cells was induced by SCGM medium in vitro. Automatic biochemical analyzer was applied to test the cytotoxicity of NK cells to colon cancer cells which cultured with different concentration of atorvastatin. FCM was used to detect the expression rate of MICA/B on the cells. Results:(1) The cultivation of NK cells:The proportion of NK cells attained to 93. 1% from 4. 5% after cultured for 10 days. (2) The effects of atorvastatin on the growth of the colon cancer cells:After cultured with atorvastatin,the inhibition rate of HCT-116 cells was higher than that in control when the density of atorvastatin increased from 5 μmol/L to 40 μmol/L after 48 h and from 1. 25 μmol/L to 40 μmol/L after 96 h ( P<0. 05 ) . Correlation analysis showed that the concentration of atorvastatin and the growth inhibition rate of HCT-116 cells were positively correlated(r[48 h]=0. 13,r[96 h]=0. 22,P<0. 05). (3) The cytotoxicity of NK cells to colon cancer cells effected after atorvastatin: In different atorvastatin concentrations groups,the cytotoxicity of NK cells to three colon cancer cell lines was all higher than that in control ( P<0. 05 ) . The atorvastatin concentration was from 2. 5 μmol/L to 10 μmol/L for HCT-116 cells,from 5 μmol/L to 20μmol/L for SW-480 cells,and from 2. 5μmol/L to 20μmol/L for Caco-2 cells. Among the three cell lines, the cytotoxicity of NK cells to HCT116 was the highest in the same concentration. (4)NK cells by atorvastatin cutting statins 96 h,the concentration of 20 mmol/L and 40 mmol/L inhibition rate was higher than that of control group,more than other groups on NK cell growth without significant effect. ( 5 ) The impact of atorvastatin on MICA/B expression of colon cancer cells: After cultured with different concentrations of atorvastatin,the expression of MICA/B on colon cancer cells was higher than that in control(P<0. 05). The concentration was 2. 5μmol/L and 5μmol/L for HCT-116 cells,10μmol/L and 20μmol/L for SW-480 cells,and from 2. 5μmol/L to 40 μmol/L for Caco-2 cells. Conclusion:Atorvastatin could inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells (HCT-116,SW-480 and Caco-2) in a dose-dependent manner;and it could enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells to colon cancer cells;it also could promote the expression of MICA/B of colon cancer cells,and improve the immunogenicity of colon cancer cells.

Association of microsatellite polymorphism of MICA gene with susceptibility to esophageal cancer / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the association of microsatellite polymorphism of MICA gene with susceptibility to esophageal cancer.Methods: PCR-STR microsatellite genotyped technique was used to detect the polymorphism of MICA in Exon 5 in 103 cases of esophageal cancer and 84 cases of normal controls.Constructed of eukaryotic expression vector in esophageal carcinoma with high frequency of occurrence of the MICA allele.NK cells killing effect to 293T cells after alleles MICA transfected were assayed by LDH and the effect on target was 20∶1.ELISA was used to test supernatants sMICA of 293T cell after transfected.Results: Identified five allelic genes in MICA Exon 5 with esophageal cancer.Each allele and its frequency respectively were:MICA-A4(9.71%),MICA-A5(22.3%),MICA-A5.1(40.8%),MICA-A6(15.5%),MICA-A9(11.7%).MICA-A5.1 showed significant difference comparison with the control group.After 293T cell line was transfected MICA allele,MICA-A5.1 group was less sensitive to NK cytotoxicity compared to other groups[(30.4±6.3)%,P<0.05].The secretion of soluble MICA increased(135.7±6.2)pg/ml.Conclusion: Esophageal cancer was relevent with the MICA-A5.1 polymorphism of MICA Exon 5 alleles.Its risk is higher than other alleles.

Production and application of monoclonal antibody against major histocompati-bility complex class Ⅰrelated chain A and B / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Generation and identification of hybridoma to produce monoclonal antibody against MICA/B. Methods:SP2/0 cells were fused with murine splenocyte immunized with recombinant protein rMICA?012 to get hybridoma cell lines. The titer of the monoclonal antibody produced by 9B10 cell line was determined by ELISA and its specificity was tested by Western blot,Luminex mutiplex microsphere-based immunoassay and immunofluorescence assay. Results:Six hybridoma cell lines were selected by ELISA screening test. The minimum reaction concentration of mAb 9B10 was 0. 02 ng/μl,and the specificity of mAb 9B10 was determinated by Western blot,Luminex mutiplex microsphere-based immunoassay and immunofluorescence. Conclusion:The monoclonal antibody 9B10 was available to apply for the detection of MICA and MICB expression.

Production and application of monoclonal antibody against major histocompati-bility complex class Ⅰrelated chain A and B / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Generation and identification of hybridoma to produce monoclonal antibody against MICA/B. Methods:SP2/0 cells were fused with murine splenocyte immunized with recombinant protein rMICA?012 to get hybridoma cell lines. The titer of the monoclonal antibody produced by 9B10 cell line was determined by ELISA and its specificity was tested by Western blot,Luminex mutiplex microsphere-based immunoassay and immunofluorescence assay. Results:Six hybridoma cell lines were selected by ELISA screening test. The minimum reaction concentration of mAb 9B10 was 0. 02 ng/μl,and the specificity of mAb 9B10 was determinated by Western blot,Luminex mutiplex microsphere-based immunoassay and immunofluorescence. Conclusion:The monoclonal antibody 9B10 was available to apply for the detection of MICA and MICB expression.

Intervenção nutricional sobre medidas antropométricas, percentual de gordura corporal e parâmetros bioquímicos / Nutritional intervention on anthropometric, percentage of body fat and biochemical parameters

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da intervenção nutricional sobre medidas antropométricas, percentual de gordura corporal (%G) e parâmetros bioquímicos de pacientes, maiores de 18 anos, atendidos em uma Clínica de Nutrição do município de Passos, MG. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção realizado com pacientes que procuraram o Centro de Atendimento Nutricional (CAN) da Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, unidade de Passos, e possuíam desvios nutricionais. Como instrumento de medida, utilizou-se a anamnese alimentar ou história dietética. Analisou- se, antes e após a intervenção nutricional, peso, índice de massa corporal, %G, circunferência abdominal, triglicérides, colesterol total e glicose de jejum. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e o teste T Student pareado. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Participaram do estudo 19 indivíduos, com média de idade de 35±17 anos, sendo 84% do sexo feminino. Resultados: Verificou-se redução significativa no %G (t=2,469; p=0,024), triglicérides (t=2,551; p=0,020) e colesterol total (t=2,526; p=0,021) após a intervenção nutricional. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a intervenção nutricional contribuiu para a redução do %G, dos parâmetros bioquí- micos e para qualidade de vida dos pacientes.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention on anthropometric measure- ments, body fat and biochemical parameters of patients, older than 18 years-old, attended in a Nutrition Clinic in Passos (Minas Gerais). Methods: This is an intervention study of patients who sought the Service Center Nutrition at the State University of Minas Gerais, Passos unit, and had nutritional problems. The measurement instrument was used food history or diet history analyzed before and after nutritional intervention, weight, body mass index, %G, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fasting glucose. A descriptive statistical analysis and paired Student T test. The study included 19 subjects with a mean age of 35±17 years, 84% female. Results: It was found significant reduction in% body fat, triglycerides and total cholesterol after nutritional intervention. Conclusions: The results suggest that dietary intervention contributed to the reduction in body fat C, biochemical parameters and quality of life of patients.(AU)

Effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 on the formation of soluble MICA protein in osteosarcoma cells / 实用医学杂志

Objective To provide a new putative target for immunotherapy on osteosarcoma and explore the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on the formation of soluble MICA protein in osteosarcoma cells. Methods MMP-9 antisense oligonucleotide was transfected to osteosarcoma cells with lipofectamine 2000. MMP-9 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR. MMP-9 activity and soluble MICA (sMICA) in the culture supernatant was examined by zymography and quantified by ELISA, respectively. Results MMP-9 mRNA expression and gelatin enzymatic activity were inhibited in MMP-9 antisense oligonucleotide group. Comparing with the control group, lower concentration of sMICA was found in MMP-9 antisense oligonucleotide group (P = 0.011). Conclusion MMP-9 may have an effect on the formation of sMICA protein in osteosarcoma. MMP-9 could be regarded as a putative target for immunotherapy in osteosarcoma.

Reabilita‡Æo est‚tica do sorriso por meio do sistema cerƒmico dissilicato de l¡tio – relato de caso / Aesthetic rehabilitation of the smile using lithium disilicate ceramic system – clinical report

O restabelecimento da harmonia do sorriso atrav‚s das cerƒmicas odontol¢gicas, quando realizado com crit‚rio e dentro de indica‡ães espec¡ficas, traz resultados extremamente previs¡veis. Para a reabilita‡Æo funcional e est‚tica, muitos materiais cerƒmicos podem ser empregados, como zirc“nia, leucita, alumina, feldspato e dissilicato de l¡tio. Dentre esses materiais, destaca-se o dissilicato de l¡tio que tem como caracter¡sticas: resistˆncia ao desgaste, ao ataque qu¡mico, … oxida‡Æo e a altas temperaturas; baixa condutividade el‚trica; dilata‡Æo t‚rmica pr¢xima do zero; boas propriedades ¢pticas e biocompatibilidade com o periodonto; excelente est‚tica; estabilidade de cor e refor‡o da estrutura dental. As indica‡ães para o uso do dissilicato de l¡tio sÆo m£ltiplas e nÆo limitadas para facetas em casos de dentes onde nÆo houve resposta favor vel ao clareamento dental, dentes com restaura‡ães m£ltiplas, fechamento de diastemas, altera‡Æo de forma e contorno dental, restitui‡Æo de dentes ausentes ou fraturados, entre outras. A versatilidade da cerƒmica de dissilicato de l¡tio faz com que possa ser utilizado em diferentes situa‡ães cl¡nicas. Seu uso concomitante tanto para facetas como sobre n£cleos met licos fundidos ‚ apresentado aqui com um resultado est‚tico bastante satisfat¢rio, sendo indicado para situa‡ães onde h  necessidade de aliarmos est‚tica e resistˆncia como atributos indispens veis.

The reestablishment of a harmonious smile through dental ceramics, when properly conducted and with specific indications, can achieve extremely predictable results. For aesthetic and functional rehabilitation, many ceramic materials can be used such as zirconia, leucite, alumina, feldspar, and lithium disilicate. Among these materials the lithium disilicate stands out due to the following characteristics: its resistance to wear, to chemical attack, high tem peratures and oxidation; low electrical conductivity; near zero thermal expansion; good optical properties and biocompatibility with periodontal; excellent esthetics; color stability and reinforcement of tooth structure. The indications for the use of lithium disilicate are not limited to multiple facets of teeth in cases where there was no favorable response to tooth whitening, and also comprehend teeth with multiple restorations, diastema closure, shape alteration, and dental contouring, replacement of missing or fractured teeth, among others. The versatility of lithium disilicate ceramics allows its utilization in several clinical situations. The concomitant use of lithium disilicate for veneers and over metal has satisfactory aesthetic results, as reported in the present studying cases that require both aesthetics and resistance.