El reposicionamiento malar. Presentación de una técnica original: punto MM / Malar repositioning. Presentation of an original technique: point MM

El envejecimiento facial es una sinergia compleja de cambios texturales de la piel, hiper- o hipoactividad muscular, reabsorción del tejido graso y resorción ósea. El déficit de volumen resultante, la deflación y la posterior caída del tercio medio facial produce una cara menos atractiva y juvenil. Los procedimientos inyectables en región malar son cada vez más populares y solicitados por los pacientes. El conocimiento de la anatomía de la cara media es fundamental para el inyector. La comprensión de la irrigación facial puede ayudar a disminuir la exposición a la aparición de hematomas y complicaciones vasculares severas. Existen múltiples técnicas de inyección propuestas para el tercio medio, en este artículo presentamos una técnica original, simple, segura y eficaz con resultados satisfactorios y riesgo reducido

Facial aging is a complex synergy of textural skin changes, muscle hyperactivity, fat dysmorphism, bone resorption. The resulting volume deficit and deflation of the mid face produces a less attractive and youthful face. Injectable midface procedures are becoming increasingly popular and requested by patients. Knowledge of the anatomy of the midface is critical for the injector. Understanding the irrigation of the face can help decrease the risk of hematoma and severe vascular complications. There are multiple injection techniques proposed for the middle third, in this article we present a simple, safe and effective technique with satisfactory results and lower risk

Comparative study of small incision refractive lenticule extraction with 5 mm versus 6.5 mm optic zone for myopia

Purpose: To compare residual stromal thickness (RST) in eyes undergoing small incision refractive lenticule extraction (SMILE) using a lenticular diameter of 6.5 mm versus those with a diameter of 5 mm. Methods: In this retrospective comparative case series, consecutive patients who underwent SMILE between 2016 and 2021 with at least 6 months of follow?up were included. Preoperative best?corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), refractive error, contrast sensitivity, central corneal thickness, keratometry, higher order aberrations, and scotopic pupil size were recorded using a Placido disk topography with Sheimpflug tomography?based system. Patients underwent SMILE with a lenticular diameter of 6.5 mm until 2018 (n = 372 eyes). Thereafter, the lenticular diameter was reduced to 5 mm (n = 318). The RST, postoperative refraction, aberrations, subjective glare, and halos were compared across groups at 1 and 6 months. Results: The mean age of participants was 26.8 ± 5.8 years with a mean preoperative spherical equivalent of ?4.48 D ± 2.16 D (range: ?0.75 to ?12.25 D) and mean scotopic pupil of 3.7 ± 0.75 mm. Eyes in the 5 mm group had 30.6 m (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28 to 33 m, P < 0.001) greater RST compared to the 6.5 mm group after adjusting for spherical equivalent and preoperative pachymetry. There were no differences in vision, contrast sensitivity, aberrations (wavefront error of 0.19 ± 0.2 vs. 0.25 ± 0.2, P = 0.19) or glare between the two groups. Conclusion: SMILE performed with a lenticular diameter of 5 mm leads to greater RST across the myopic range, but without inducing significant higher?order aberrations.

Some bis (3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies-Supplemenntary data

Alzheimer's disease, which is a progressive neurologic disorder, is the most common form of dementia. Although there are various treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease, there is no definite treatment for this disease yet. In this study it was aimed to investigate the treatment potentials of three bis(3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide) derivatives, two of which are known and one is new, for Alzheimer's disease. The study consists of three parts; in the first part of the study, synthesis and characterization studies of the investigated compounds were carried out. In the characterization of the compounds, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis techniques were used. In the second part of the study, the compounds were investigated computationally with the assistance of various computational techniques including density functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In this part, binding free energy calculations were also performed on the investigated compounds. Results of computational studies showed that synthesized compounds interacted with AChE effectively and can be promising structures as AChE inhibitors. In the last part of the study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the compounds were investigated. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH? and ABTS?? radical scavenging methods. According to the DPPH? test, the most active compound was found to be 2, while the most active compound was found to be 3 according to the ABTS? test, showing that these methods for antioxidant assay were not significantly correlated with each other. On the other hand, the results of the antimicrobial activity tests showed that compound 3 was the most active compound, which exhibited both antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Some bis (3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies

Alzheimer's disease, which is a progressive neurologic disorder, is the most common form of dementia. Although there are various treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease, there is no definite treatment for this disease yet. In this study it was aimed to investigate the treatment potentials of three bis(3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide) derivatives, two of which are known and one is new, for Alzheimer's disease. The study consists of three parts; in the first part of the study, synthesis and characterization studies of the investigated compounds were carried out. In the characterization of the compounds, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis techniques were used. In the second part of the study, the compounds were investigated computationally with the assistance of various computational techniques including density functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In this part, binding free energy calculations were also performed on the investigated compounds. Results of computational studies showed that synthesized compounds interacted with AChE effectively and can be promising structures as AChE inhibitors. In the last part of the study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the compounds were investigated. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH? and ABTS?? radical scavenging methods. According to the DPPH? test, the most active compound was found to be 2, while the most active compound was found to be 3 according to the ABTS? test, showing that these methods for antioxidant assay were not significantly correlated with each other. On the other hand, the results of the antimicrobial activity tests showed that compound 3 was the most active compound, which exhibited both antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Advance in chimeric antigen receptor-T cell immunotherapy for multiple myeloma / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#In recent years,considerable progress has been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma(MM).However,despite the current improved prognosis of this malignancy,it always ends in relapse and therefore new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to overcome it.The chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen(BCMA),cluster of differentiation 19(CD19),cluster of differentiation 38(CD38) and kappa light chains have been evaluated,and have achieved remarkable results in clinical trials.However,even when MM is treated with CAR-T cell therapy,most patients eventually relapse,which is the greatest limitation of this therapy.This paperreviewedthe research progress,limitations and optimization of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in the treatment of MM.

Research progress on clinical application of circulating tumor DNA in malignant melanoma / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 恶性黑色素瘤（MM）是一种高侵袭性、高致死率的恶性肿瘤。液体活检由于具有样本易获得和创伤性低等优势，在恶性肿瘤诊断和监测中的重要性日益凸显，循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）检测正是其中一项新兴起的检测手段。ctDNA在MM诊断和治疗中的临床应用范围十分广泛，包括早期筛查MM人群、帮助检测MM的可驱动基因、监测和评判肿瘤的复发与转移、预测患者对靶向和免疫治疗的反应等。多项研究表明，无论是肿瘤术后辅助治疗还是晚期治疗的肿瘤患者，ctDNA能更好地反映肿瘤的异质性，提供预后相关信息，更早判断疾病的复发与转移，能准确评估对治疗的反应并确定耐药机制等。虽然目前尚未出现基于ctDNA的MM诊治共识，相关研究结论仍需要在前瞻性临床试验中继续验证，但是ctDNA检测为MM患者的临床管理提供了新的选择，不久或将用于进一步完善MM的诊断和治疗。

One step beyond tomorrow; Ranjan manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) marker - Welcome to the topical, flapless and astigmatism-free MSICS era

The prevalence of blindness in India is 14.9 per 1000. Cataract causes 80% of this blindness. Most of these blinds are in the rural areas while the surgical service delivery channels are concentrated in the urban areas. This situation has many social impacts like loss of productivity, breakdown of interpersonal relationships, depressive manifestations, loss of self-esteem, and isolated humiliating life. Manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS; also SICS) is a low-cost, small-incision, high-valued cataract surgery that is principally employed in the developing world. In poor settings, MSICS also has several distinct advantages over phacoemulsification, including shorter operative time, less need for technology, and lower cost. Ranjan MSICS Marker is a tool which enables MSICS to be done under topical anesthesia easily with more precise and safe incision making along with more control on surgery induced astigmatism.

Two-mm chord manual small-incision cataract surgery with phacofracture: A brief exposition of the surgical technique

We describe a surgical technique for manual small-incision cataract extraction with 2-mm chord incision with phacofracture. The authors describe a curvilinear 2-mm chord incision 1.5 mm behind the limbus and antiparallel to the limbus with back cuts of variable length; 1.5 mm for foldable lenses and 2.5�mm for the rigid nonfoldable lenses. Continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with a 26-G bent needle cystitome (or Utrata forceps) is followed by cortical cleaving hydrodissection and cartwheeling of the nucleus into the anterior chamber. A specially designed Sahu modified vectis (SMV) and a flattened visco cannula are used for the phacofracture. The heminuclei are removed along their longitudinal axis and direct implantation of the pseudophakos. Surgically induced astigmatism was found to be a mean change in astigmatism of 0.14 DCyl when the axis was ignored. Corneal endothelial counts were not vastly different from the routine manual small-incision and phacoemulsification at 3 months of follow-up. The technique used here by the surgeon for cataracts of any C (1� or any P (1� to grade NC4 NO4 as graded by the LOCS III. Case selection is of paramount importance. Two-millimeter chord MSICS with phacofracture can deliver low astigmatism and good visual recovery in cataract surgery.

Comparative study between conventional and 4 mm manual small-incision cataract surgery

Purpose: Comparative study of intraoperative and postoperative complications, visual outcomes, and cost?effectiveness between conventional and 4?mm manual small?incision cataract surgery with MVR blade. Methods: In total, 600 patients having nuclear sclerosis grade I朓V were operated under peribulbar anesthesia and were divided into two groups of 300 each. In group A (300), conventional small?incision cataract surgery was done, whereas in group B (300), 4?mm manual small?incision cataract surgery was performed through a 4?mm sclerocorneal tunnel. A wire vectis was passed through the 4?mm incision below the nucleus to stabilize it, and a 20?G MVR blade was introduced from 11o抍lock limbus and nucleus was bisected into two halves, which were removed through main incision. Cortical wash was given, and foldable IOL was implanted. Intraoperative and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared. Postoperative visual outcome and surgically induced astigmatism between the two groups was studied. Results: The most common intraoperative complication was hyphema (11.33%) and irido?dialysis (8.00%), whereas postoperatively, striate keratopathy (36.33%) and hyphema (19.33%) were common. Short?term complications such as striate keratopathy, hyphema, and irido?dialysis were significantly more in group B, and long?term results in terms of visual outcome and surgically induced astigmatism were significantly less in group B. Conclusion: Although intraoperative and short?term postoperative complications were observed more in 4?mm manual small?incision cataract surgery, it was found to be more effective in terms of surgically induced astigmatism and final visual outcome. In addition, it is cost?effective as compared to phacoemulsification.

Early postoperative astigmatism in 2-mm manual small incision cataract surgery with phacofracture

Purpose: India’s cataract surgery rate has been hovering around a creditable 6000 per million population but the coverage is variable across the geography and demography with sharp urban rural divide. Smaller incisions in manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with phacofracture have been credited with lower astigmatism and faster recovery, which is especially useful for patients traveling for surgeries. Methods: In this retrospective chart analysis based observational study of 66 eyes, we describe the early postoperative results with 2 mm MSICS with phacofracture. Results: The mean spherical equivalent of the autorefractor measured astigmatic error changed marginally to ?0.51 diopters (SD = 0.58) from ?0.44 diopters (SD = 0.42) (t = ?8.410, P = 0.0) translating to mean change in astigmatism of 0.14 DCyl when the axis was ignored. The keratometric difference between steepest and flattest axis of the anterior surface of the central 3 mm zone of the cornea changed from a mean of 0.89 diopters (SD = 0.55) to 1.39 diopters (SD = 1.03). The visual acuity improved to mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) score of 0.27 (SD = 0.33) at 1 week and 0.007 (SD = 0.04) which corresponds to 6/6P on Snellen’s acuity at 1 month or more. Conclusion: A 2 mm MSICS with phacofracture can deliver low astigmatism and good visual recovery in cataract surgery. The study underlines the need for considering the refraction at anterior and posterior corneal interfaces when the triplanar incision with separate interfaces is used.

Cryptosporidiosis, a public health challenge: A combined 3D shape-based virtual screening, docking study, and molecular dynamics simulation approach to identify inhibitors with novel scaffolds for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidiosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Limited therapeutic options, limitation in in vitro parasite culture, and lack of a reliable animal model of parasite for replication of in vivo life cycle and drug testing demand alternative methods for drug development. The in silico methods of drug discovery prove a crucial process in such conditions.Recent research reported a limited number of small molecules for drug development. Purine nucleotide biosynthesis in Cryptosporidium species is dependent on the IMPDH (CpIMPDH) enzyme, so distortion of parasite IMPDH has been pursued as a compelling strategy for curbing Cryptosporidium infection due to its different kinetics from the host enzyme. Our study's primary aim was to discover novel ligand molecules with noticeable activity against Cryptosporidium parvum IMPDH. For this purpose, we selected 18 previously discovered ligands to understand the interaction feature between ligand and receptor, and their shape and electronic features are employed as a template for shape-based virtual screening of the ZINC database (drug-like subset) search approach via Schrodinger-2019 (Maestro 11.9). The obtained hits were subsequently subjected to structure-based screening, quantum polarized ligand docking (QPLD), and molecular dynamics simulations to fetch potential small molecules with the highest binding affinity for CpIMPDH protein. Further ligand binding energy and pharmacokinetic analysis were also taken into consideration as filtering criteria for selecting the most promising drug-like compounds. On this experimentation analysis, three top-ranked (ZINC24855054, ZINC58171263, and ZINC08000072) molecules were found to have appropriate pharmacokinetic properties along with surpassing in silico inhibitory potential towards the CpIMPDH compared to known inhibitors. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis results satisfactorily confirmed the inhibitory action. Therefore, these new scaffolds deduced by the presented computational methodology could recommend lead molecules for designing promising anti-cryptosporidial drugs targeting CpIMPDH protein.

An Assessment of 3.5mm Reconstruction Plate Fixation in Olecranon Fractures

Background: Olecranon process is a large, curved eminence comprising of the proximal and posterior part of the ulna. It lies subcutaneously which makes it more vulnerable to injury. Due to intra-articular extension of fractures, anatomical reduction and early mobilization should be achieved in every case and usually managed surgically. Aims and Objectives: To access the results of reconstruction plate in fracture olecranon.Materials &Methods: This was a prospective study consisted of 25 cases of olecranon fractures which were managed by open reduction and internal fixation using 3.5mm reconstruction plate. Patients were followed up every month till 6 months. At each follow up visit clinical and radiological parameters were assessed: Final assessment was done at 6 months using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score.Result: According to the AO classification, Type A-1 � 7 cases, A-3 � 1case, B-1 � 13 cases, B-3 � 1 case, C-1 � 1 case, C-2 � 1 case, C-3 � 1 case. An adequate reduction was maintained in all fractured olecranon until union. Average radiological union time was 12 weeks in 72% cases, 15 weeks in 16% cases, 18 weeks in 8% cases and > 18 weeks in 4% cases. The results were graded as per the criteria laid by Rogers et al as excellent in 84% cases, good in 12% and unsatisfactory in 4% cases. 2 cases developed superficial infection and 1 deep infection and 1 delayed union.Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation of fracture of olecranon with 3.5mm reconstruction plate is based on sound biomechanical principle with a good functional outcome and a low incidence of complications

Structure-based discovery of orally efficient inhibitors via unique interactions with H-pocket of PDE8 for the treatment of vascular dementia

Our previous study demonstrated that phosphodiesterase 8 (PDE8) could work as a potential target for vascular dementia (VaD) using a chemical probe 3a. However, compound 3a is a chiral compound which was obtained by chiral resolution on HPLC, restricting its usage in clinic. Herein, a series of non-chiral 9-benzyl-2-chloro-adenine derivatives were discovered as novel PDE8 inhibitors. Lead 15 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against PDE8A (IC50 = 11 nmol/L), high selectivity over other PDEs, and remarkable drug-like properties (worthy to mention is that its bioavailability was up to 100%). Oral administration of 15 significantly improved the cAMP level of the right brain and exhibited dose-dependent effects on cognitive improvement in a VaD mouse model. Notably, the X-ray crystal structure of the PDE8A-15 complex showed that the potent affinity and high selectivity of 15 might come from the distinctive interactions with H-pocket including T-shaped π-π interactions with Phe785 as well as a unique H-bond network, which have never been observed in other PDE-inhibitor complex before, providing new strategies for the further rational design of novel selective inhibitors against PDE8.

Clinical application of ultra-micro 5 mm single-port endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy in selected patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To assess the feasibility and safety of ultra-micro 5 mm single-port endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy in selected patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Methods    From March 1, 2018 to February 1, 2021, 90 patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis who underwent ultra-micro 5 mm single-port endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy at the Thoracic Surgery Department of the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital. There were 47 males and 43 females, with a median age of 26.0 (22.0, 31.0) years. During the operation, T3 and/or T4 thoracic sympathetic nerve chain was transected using an ultra-micro 5 mm single-port incision near the areola or under the axilla. The surgical data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results     All patients successfully completed the operation without major bleeding during the operation and no conversion to thoracotomy. There was no death or serious complication during the perioperative period. The operation time was 43.0 (23.0, 60.0) min, and the intraoperative blood loss was 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) mL. In the perioperative period, only one patient needed a tiny chest tube indwelling. The symptoms of hyperhidrosis on the hands all disappeared after the operation. The pain score on the postoperative day was 2.0 (2.0, 2.0) points. The hospital stay after surgery was 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) d. In the first month after the operation, the symptoms of hyperhidrosis on the hands were significantly relieved compared with those before the operation. The surgical incisions healed well, the wounds were concealed, and there was no wound infection or poor healing. The patients' satisfaction with the surgical incisions was 100.0%. After the operation, 14 (15.6%) patients had mild compensatory hyperhidrosis, 5 (5.6%) patients had moderate compensatory hyperhidrosis, and no patient had severe compensatory hyperhidrosis. Overall satisfaction rate was 94.0%. Conclusion     The clinical application of ultra-micro 5 mm single-port endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy in selected patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis is safe and feasible. The surgical wound is extremely small and hidden, the operation time is short, the pain is very slight, and the clinical outcome is good. It can fully meet the patients' pursuit of beauty.

Intervention of ERRα Expression on Apoptosis Induction of Multiple Myeloma MM.1S Cells Cultured in Vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of two different approaches ERRα strategy on the apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell line MM.1S.@*METHODS@#For the one strategy, shRNA was mediated by lentivirus. Stable cell clones were established by transfecting the lentivirus into MM.1S cells and screened by puromycin. For the other strategy, XCT790, a specific reverse agonist of ERRα, was used to treat MM.1S cells. The apoptosis of the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after ERRα was down-regulated. Western blot assay was used to detect the apoptosis of related proteins.@*RESULTS@#The knocked down ERRα was achieved, lentivirus with shERRα were successfully infected into MM.1S and ERRα was reduced significantly. Knockdown of ERRα could induce MM.1S cell apoptosis dramatically. Meanwhile, the expression of cleaved PARP (a kind of apoptosis related markers) was significantly increased following depletion of ERRα in MM.1S cells. XCT790 could significantly down-regulate the expression of ERRα protein in MM.1S cells, which was consistent with the effect caused by shRNA.@*CONCLUSION@#Interference the expression of ERRα by shRNA or XCT790 can induce apparent apoptosis in MM.1S cells, which indicating that ERRα is crucial for the survival of myeloma cells.

Research progress on daratumumab in the treatment of multiple myeloma / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 多发性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma，MM）是一种恶性浆细胞增殖性疾病，随着免疫调节剂和蛋白酶体抑制剂等药物的广泛应用，患者的生存期现已得到显著延长，但最终还会因耐药、复发等而发生死亡。靶向CD38的单克隆抗体达雷妥尤单抗（daratumumab, DARA）作为一种新型生物制剂，在一系列临床研究中其对MM的治疗均显示出良好的疗效，本文就DARA单药或联合化疗治疗MM的研究进展作一综述。

Resveratrol Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Multiple Myeloma Derived Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via Upregulating SIRT1 / RUNX2 / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Myeloma bone disease (MBD) is one of the most common complications of multiple myeloma (MM). MBD is considered to be caused by the activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts resulting from the involvement of neoplastic plasma cells and the change of bone marrow microenvironment. It may be a feasible way to improve the treatment of MBD by promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC), from which the osteoblasts mainly originate. Resveratrol (RES), a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid compound, was reported to function in the modulation of bone metabolism. But the effects of RES on osteogenic differentiation of MM derived BMSC (MM-BMSC) and its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Totally 10 cases of MM-BMSCs were isolated, cultured and identified successfully in the present study. RES was found to promote osteogenic differentiation of MM-BMSC by alkaline phosphatase activity assay, qRT-PCR and alizarin red staining. SIRT1 was predicted to be the target gene of RES in promoting osteogenic differentiation with bioinformatic analysis. RES upregulated the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in MM-BMSC (P<0. 001) and its osteogenic differentiation was inhibited in the SIRT1 small interfering RNA (si-SIRT1) transfected group. Furthermore, the mRNA (P<0. 001) and protein (P<0. 01) expression of runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was increased in the RES treated group and decreased (mRNA P < 0. 01, protein P < 0. 05) in si-SIRT1 transfected group, respectively. In conclusion, resveratrol promotes osteogenic differentiation of MM-BMSCs via upregulating SIRT1/RUNX2 and seems to be a potential therapeutic agent to counteract bone disease in MM patients.

Regulatory Mechanism and Role of STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Multiple Myeloma / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a kind of plasma cell tumor, characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the micro-environment of bone marrow, production of monoclonal immunoglobulins and dysfunction of related organs. In recent years, with the introduction of autologous stem cell transplantation and the application of Lenalidomide and Bortezomib, the traditional treatment of myeloma had been changed and the overall survival of the patients was prolonged. Although significant progresses have been made in treatment, multiple myeloma is still incurable, mainly due to primary drug resistance and disease recurrence. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a kind of signal transcription factor, which is involved in diverse cellular processes including the differentiation, proliferation and angiogenesis in normal cells. Recently, it had been found that the high expression of STAT3 in tumors was closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. STAT3 also played a key role in the occurrence and progression of multiple myeloma. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular structure, signal pathway, activation, regulation and basic biological functions of STAT3, and found that non coding RNA, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and other factors play important roles in the occurrence, survival and immune escape of multiple myeloma through STAT3 pathway whose activation is related to the resistance of multiple myeloma cells to Bortezomib, Lenalidomide and other conventional drugs. Therefore, STAT3 can be used as a potential target for multiple myeloma. This review provides a basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment of MM and a reference for STAT3 as a potential prognostic marker.

Role of histone methylation in the development of multiple myeloma / 中国肿瘤临床

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant clonal disease of the plasma cells in bone marrow. Despite the progress of MM treatment, almost all patients will relapse or become resistant to the prescribed drugs. As such, new treatment targets are urgently needed. As well as genetic defects and bone marrow microenvironment disorders, increasing evidence shows that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in MM. Studies have shown that mutations in epigenetic factors are often related to genomic instability, drug resistance and disease progression. These mutations have been found to increase after treatment, particularly histone methylation and DNA methylation modifying enzymes. Here, we reviewed the progress in histone methylation modification in MM, in particular the role of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) in the development of MM.

Evaluation of 2 mm locking plates for treating mandibular fractures

Background: The progressive development in the trauma management has now paved way to the use of miniplates for the treatment of mandibular fractures. We present a case series of twenty-five patients treated with miniplates for the mandibular fractures.Methods: The study was done on twenty-five patients diagnosed clinically and radiographically with mandibular fractures and attending the outpatient department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery of a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur city. The selected cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia. 2.0-mm titanium locking mini plates were used as a method of internal fixation. The patients were evaluated for the location, type and number of fractures, time required for adaptation and fixation of single four hole 2.0-mm locking plate, complications during surgery, pre and post-surgical occlusal relationship, adequacy of reduction on postoperative radiograph and any post-surgical complications requiring a secondary surgical intervention.Results: Majority were in the age group of 21-30 years (72%) with a mean age of 26.6 years. Among these, there were 23(92%) male and 2(8%) female patient. Maximum (28%) patients were of symphysis and angle fracture followed by symphysis and condylar (25%), while only 2% cases were of Para symphysis and condylar. The mean time taken for single plate adaptation and fixation was 11.34 minutes for symphysis fracture, 14.12 minutes for parasymphysis fracture, and 11.56 minutes for body fracture and 18.90 minutes for angle fractures.Conclusions: The locking miniplates in mandibular fractures is efficacious enough to appreciate early recovery of normal jaw function, uneventful healing and good union at the fracture site with minimal weight loss due to early reinstatement of masticatory function.