Señales ateroscleróticas tempranas en el escolar con antecedentes de alto peso al nacer / Early atherosclerotic signals in school-age children with a history of high birth weight

OBJETIVO. identificar de forma precoz señales ateroscleróticas tempranas (SAT) en escolares que tienen antecedentes de macrosomía o alto peso al nacer. MÉTODOS. se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño de tipo caso-control con los niños nacidos en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Ramón González Coro". Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron fuentes primarias y secundarias. Se confeccionó una historia clínica con los datos personales, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, aspectos dietéticos y datos relacionados con el nacimiento. Se realizó un examen físico minucioso que incluyó un estudio antropométrico y la medición de la tensión arterial. Se indicaron estudios humorales como glucemia, colesterol, ésteres del colesterol y triglicéridos. RESULTADOS. en el grupo de estudio hubo un 56,43 % de pacientes sin SAT y un 43,57 % con SAT. En el grupo control, el 59,00 % de los pacientes no tenían SAT y un 41,00 % sí los tenían. CONCLUSIONES. el alto peso al nacer no constituye un predictor para las señales ateroscleróticas tempranas, aunque los autores desconocemos la existencia de reportes anteriores en la edad escolar y en los existentes no se señala que los pacientes fueran macrosómicos.

INTRODUCTION: in most cases atherosclerosis is a silent chronic condition whose presence is generally unknown by both the patient and their family. It often starts with a big atherosclerotic crisis (sudden death, acute myocardial infarction or cerebral hemorrhage). In recent decades it has been found to be the main cause of death, hospital morbidity, invalidity, disability and loss of quality of life in both developed and developing countries. OBJECTIVE: identify early atherosclerotic signals (EAS) among school-age children with a history of macrosomia or high birth weight. METHODS: a descriptive case-control study was conducted with children born at Ramón González Coro maternity hospital. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. A medical record was developed which included personal details, personal and family pathological antecedents, dietary information and birth-related data. A thorough physical examination was performed, including an anthropometric study and blood pressure measurements. Humoral studies such as glycemia, cholesterol, cholesterol esters and triglycerides were indicated. RESULTS: in the study group 43.57% of the patients had EAS and 56.43% did not. In the control group 41.00% of the patients had EAS and 59.00% did not. CONCLUSIONS: high birth weight is not a predictor of early atherosclerotic signals. The authors are not aware of any previous report about school age, and existing reports do not state whether the patients were macrosomic.

Macrossomia e habilidades neuropsicolingüísticas / Macrosomia and neuropsycholinguistic skills

Objetivo: Caracterizar o desempenho nos aspectos cognitivo, perceptivo-motor, comportamental e lingüístico de nove indivíduos, sete do gênero feminino e dois do gênero masculino, com sinais clínicos da síndrome de Sotos (SS) e faixa etária entre seis a dezoito anos. Métodos: A avaliação foi realizada por meio da escala Wechsler de inteligência, do teste viso-motor Bender, de um protocolo para avaliação de comportamento e avaliação fonoaudiológica. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram QI execução mais comprometido em cinco casos e QI verbal em quatro, pela ausência ou ininteligibilidade de fala; acometimento das praxias viso-motoras e viso-construtivas, da organização viso-espacial no plano gráfico, dos processos atencionais e alterações de linguagem nos aspectos sintático, semântico, fonológico e pragmático, memória auditiva e visual. Conclusão: Importantes alterações neuropsicológicas podem fazer parte do fenótipo da SS e, desta forma, a divulgação dos achados desta síndrome pode contribuir para entender as dificuldades encontradas em indivíduos com crescimento excessivo diagnosticadas com esta condição.

Objective: Caracterize the intelectual, perceptive-motor, language/learning performance and behavior of nine subjects, six female and two male, with Sotos syndrome at six-eighteen years old. Methods: Data collection included Wechsler Inteligence Scale, Bender test, behavior protocol and speech/language assessement. Results: Results showed the non-verbal IQ was the most compromising among the five, and in four of the cases, it was not possible to obtain a verbal IQ due to the absence or unintelligibility of speech, deficits relative to the visual-motor, visual-constructive, visual-space organization on the graphic plane attention process, language (syntactical, semantic, phonologic, and pragmatic aspects), visual memory and hearing praxes. Conclusions: Important neuropsychological alterations can be part of SS phenotype and, in such a way the spreading of the findings of this syndrome can contribute to understand the difficulties found in patients with overgrowth syndrome.