A phylogenetic investigation of the Neotropical genus Alphamenes van der Vecht, 1977 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)

ABSTRACT Advances in potter wasp systematics have been achieved recently, with classificatory changes resulting from analyses based upon large scale molecular datasets. For the Neotropics, recent hypotheses point to the occurrence of an exclusive clade recognized within the tribe Eumenini. In this group, several contributions regarding taxonomy and systematics have been proposed in the last five years, including the genus Alphamenes. This taxon contains seven described species whose distribution is exclusively Neotropical. Females are morphologically homogeneous, and characters related to copulatory organs are useful in male diagnosis. This contribution forms the first phylogenetic approach to include all species of Alphamenes, hence the first to strongly test for group monophyly. Our cladistic results recovered Alphamenes as a monophyletic group supported by male genital features. Relationships among included species also rely upon genitalic characters, highlighting the importance of these attributes for eumenine systematics. Recent phylogenetic investigations applied to the Neotropical fauna of potter wasps represent desirable advancements towards a natural classification for the group.

Hidrocele como manifestación inicial de tuberculosis genitourinaria y miliar / Hydrocele as initial manifestation of genitourinary and miliary tuberculosis / Hidrocele como manifestação inicial da tuberculose geniturinária e miliar

Introducción. La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que puede afectar cualquier órgano del cuerpo, incluyendo el sistema genitourinario, representando el 33.7-45.5 % de las tuberculosis extrapulmonares. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar el caso de un paciente con hidrocele como manifestación inicial de tuberculosis genitourinaria y miliar, enfermedad que no se sospechaba. Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino previamente sano, que consulta a urgencias por orquialgia e hidrocele bilateral, con secreción purulenta por escroto, requiriendo manejo antibiótico intravenoso e hidrocelectomía derecha, con hallazgos intraoperatorios de engrosamiento del epidídimo derecho, y drenaje de material caseoso y purulento. Se realizó epididimectomía ipsilateral, se solicitaron pruebas de detección de bacilos tuberculosos en espécimen y derivado proteico purificado, que fueron positivas. En el postoperatorio presentó sintomatología respiratoria; paraclínicos evidenciaron compromiso pulmonar, pleural y de la vía urinaria por bacilos tuberculosos. Se inicia manejo antituberculoso con evolución satisfactoria. Discusión. El genitourinario es considerado el segundo sistema con mayor afectación de tuberculosis extrapulmonar. El órgano más afectado es el riñón (en un 80 % con respecto a los demás) y el órgano genital es el epidídimo (22 - 55 %). Debe sospecharse en pacientes con síntomas urinarios crónicos sin causa aparente. Se asocia a una alta tasa de morbimortalidad por infertilidad y falla renal. Conclusiones. A pesar de su sintomatología inespecífica y de tratarse de una entidad poco sospechada, la tuberculosis genitourinaria debe descartarse al existir tuberculosis pulmonar. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno serán de gran importancia para evitar complicaciones secundarias. Cómo citar: Álvarez-Jaramillo J, Ortiz-Zableh AM, Tarazona-Jiménez P, Ortiz-Azuero A. Hidrocele como manifestación inicial de tuberculosis genitourinaria y miliar. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):71-78. doi:10.29375/01237047.3534

Introduction. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can affect any organ in the body, including the genitourinary system, which accounts for 33.7 - 45.5 % of non-pulmonary tuberculosis cases. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of hydrocele as initial manifestation of genitourinary and miliary tuberculosis, which was an unsuspected disease. Case Presentation. Previously healthy male patient is admitted to emergencies due to orchialgia and bilateral hydrocele, with purulent secretion from the scrotum. Was managed with intravenous antibiotic and right hydrocelectomy. Intraoperative findings of thickening of right epididymis and drainage of caseous and purulent material. Ipsilateral epididymectomy was performed; testing for detection of tubercle bacillus in specimen and purified protein derivative was requested, and was found positive. In the postoperative period, respiratory symptoms arose; paraclinical tests found compromised lungs, pleura and urinary tract by tubercle bacillus. Antituberculous treatment was initiated with satisfactory evolution. Discussion. The genitourinary system is the second-most affected system by nonpulmonary tuberculosis. The most affected organ is the kidney (by 80 % compared to the others) and the most affected genital organ is the epididymis (22 - 55 %). It should be suspected in patients with chronic urinary symptoms with no apparent cause. It is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality due to infertility and kidney failure. Conclusions. Despite the non-specific symptoms and because it is not normally a suspected entity, genitourinary tuberculosis should be ruled out when pulmonary tuberculosis exists. Timely diagnosis and treatment are very important in order to prevent secondary complications. Cómo citar: Álvarez-Jaramillo J, Ortiz-Zableh AM, Tarazona-Jiménez P, Ortiz-Azuero A. Hidrocele como manifestación inicial de tuberculosis genitourinaria y miliar. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):71-78. doi:10.29375/01237047.3534

Introdução. A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa que pode afetar qualquer órgão do corpo, incluindo o sistema geniturinário, representando 33.7 a 45.5 % da tuberculose extrapulmonar. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um paciente com hidrocele como uma manifestação inicial de tuberculose geniturinária e miliar, uma doença que não se suspeitava. Apresentação do caso. Paciente do sexo masculino previamente saudável, que consultou a emergência para orquialgia e hidrocele bilateral, com secreção purulenta do escroto, necessitando de tratamento antibiótico endovenoso e hidrocelectomia direita, com achados intraoperatórios de espessamento do epidídimo direito e drenagem de material purulento e caseoso. Foi realizada uma epididimectomia ipsilateral e foram solicitados exames de bacilos tuberculosos em espécime e derivado proteico purificado, que foram positivos. No pós-operatório, apresentou sintomas respiratórios; testes para-clínicos mostraram comprometimento pulmonar, pleural e do trato urinário devido a bacilos da tuberculose. Começa-se o tratamento antituberculose com evolução satisfatória. Discussão. O sistema geniturinário é considerado o segundo com maior comprometimento da tuberculose extrapulmonar. O órgão mais afetado é o rim (80 % em relação aos demais) e o órgão genital é o epidídimo (22 a 55 %). Deve-se suspeitar em pacientes com sintomas urinários crônicos sem causa aparente. Está associada a uma alta taxa de morbimortalidade devido à infertilidade e insuficiência renal. Conclusões. Apesar de sua sintomatologia inespecífica e de ser uma entidade pouco suspeitada, a tuberculose geniturinária deve ser descartada quando existir tuberculose pulmonar. Seu diagnóstico e tratamento oportuno serão de grande importância para evitar complicações secundárias. Cómo citar: Álvarez-Jaramillo J, Ortiz-Zableh AM, Tarazona-Jiménez P, Ortiz-Azuero A. Hidrocele como manifestación inicial de tuberculosis genitourinaria y miliar. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):71-78. doi:10.29375/01237047.3534

Case for diagnosis. Atypical genital lesion

Abstract: We present a case of a penile lesion with a clinical appearance similar to Mondor penile disease (thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis) or penile sclerosing lymphangitis. Laboratory evaluation, however, showed a solid lesion, with no vascular component to Doppler ultrasonography and no treponema to immunohistochemistry. Histological and serological tests were compatible with secondary syphilis. The authors reinforce the need for the inclusion of syphilis in the differential diagnosis of penile cord injuries.

Can sibling species of the Drosophila willistoni subgroup be recognized through combined microscopy techniques?

ABSTRACT In several arthropod groups, male genitalia is the most important feature for species identification, especially in cryptic species. Cryptic species are very common in the Drosophila genus, and the Neotropical Drosophila willistoni species group is a good example. This group currently includes 24 species divided into three subgroups: alagitans, bocainensis and willistoni. There are six sibling species in the willistoni subgroup – D. willistoni, D. insularis, D. tropicalis, D. equinoxialis, D. pavlovskiana and D. paulistorum, which is a species complex composed of six semispecies – Amazonian, Andean-Brazilian, Centroamerican, Interior, Orinocan and Transitional. The objective of this study was to characterize male genitalia of the willistoni subgroup, including the D. paulistorum species complex, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. We also tried to contribute to the identification of these cryptic species and to add some comments about evolutionary history, based on male genitalia characters. Despite being cryptic species, some differences were found among the siblings, including the Drosophila paulistorum semispecies.

Median Raphe Cyst in a 2-Year-Old Boy / 소아외과

Median raphe cyst (MRC) of the perineum is rare congenital midline cyst of the male genitalia. MRC is thought to be caused by congenital alterations in the embryologic development of the male genitalia during fetal life. MRC can be found on the midline position between the urethral meatus and the anus. The lesion can be cystic, but sometimes it looks like an elongated configuration called a raphe canal. Diagnosis in childhood is particularly rare because they are usually asymptomatic, but some cases have reportedly been identified after infection. Although conservative treatment can be possible in small asymptomatic lesions, the treatment of choice is simple excision followed by primary closure in symptomatic cases. We describe here the case of 2-year-old boy presented at our institution with a 10-month history of anomaly of the perineal median raphe, which was treated by surgical excision.

Morphology of the larvae, male genitalia and DNA sequences of Anopheles (Kerteszia) pholidotus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Colombia

Since 1984, Anopheles (Kerteszia) lepidotus has been considered a mosquito species that is involved in the transmission of malaria in Colombia, after having been incriminated as such with epidemiological evidence from a malaria outbreak in Cunday-Villarrica, Tolima. Subsequent morphological analyses of females captured in the same place and at the time of the outbreak showed that the species responsible for the transmission was not An. lepidotus, but rather Anopheles pholidotus. However, the associated morphological stages and DNA sequences of An. pholidotus from the foci of Cunday-Villarrica had not been analysed. Using samples that were caught recently from the outbreak region, the purpose of this study was to provide updated and additional information by analysing the morphology of female mosquitoes, the genitalia of male mosquitoes and fourth instar larvae of An. pholidotus, which was confirmed with DNA sequences of cytochrome oxidase I and rDNA internal transcribed spacer. A total of 1,596 adult females were collected in addition to 37 larval collections in bromeliads. Furthermore, 141 adult females, which were captured from the same area in the years 1981-1982, were analysed morphologically. Ninety-five DNA sequences were analysed for this study. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that the species present in this region corresponds to An. pholidotus. Given the absence of An. lepidotus, even in recent years, we consider that the species of mosquitoes that was previously incriminated as the malaria vector during the outbreak was indeed An. pholidotus, thus ending the controversy.

A new species of Homalocerus Schoenherr from the Atlantic coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil (Coleoptera, Belidae, Belinae), with notes on color pattern and on the sclerites of the internal sac

A new species of Homalocerus Schoenherr from the Atlantic coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil (Coleoptera, Belidae, Belinae), with notes on color pattern and on the sclerites of the internal sac. Homalocerus bimaculatus sp. nov. (type locality: Brazil, São Paulo) is described and illustrated, and comments on the sclerites of the internal sac of aedeagus and on color pattern are provided. The new species is compared to other similar species of the genus, being distinguished by having three clusters of carmine pubescence on pronotum and two lateral whitish oval spots located slightly before the middle of each elytron. Six species of Homalocerus, including the new one, are known from the State of São Paulo. The previously published identification key for species of Homalocerus is updated to include H. bimaculatus.

Extramammary Paget's Disease of External Genitalia with Bowenoid Features

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an uncommon intraepithelial adenocarcinoma, primarily affecting the apocrine-bearing skin. Bowen disease is an intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma having the potential to become invasive carcinoma. The histopathological concomitant features between EMPD and Bowen disease have been described. One theory is that primary EMPD arises multicentrically, within the epidermis from the pluripotent stem cells. Herein, we describe a case of EMPD that had bowenoid features, and review the previous cases associated with the origin of EMPD.

Extramammary Paget's Disease of External Genitalia with Bowenoid Features

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an uncommon intraepithelial adenocarcinoma, primarily affecting the apocrine-bearing skin. Bowen disease is an intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma having the potential to become invasive carcinoma. The histopathological concomitant features between EMPD and Bowen disease have been described. One theory is that primary EMPD arises multicentrically, within the epidermis from the pluripotent stem cells. Herein, we describe a case of EMPD that had bowenoid features, and review the previous cases associated with the origin of EMPD.

Uma nova espécie de Sigara Fabricius (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Corixidae) e redescrição das espécies do gênero com registro no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / A new species of Sigara Fabricius (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Corixidae) and redescription of the species recorded in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

A new species of Sigara Fabricius (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Corixidae) and redescription of the species recorded in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Water boatmen (Corixidae) constitute the largest group of water bugs, with well over 40 species occurring in Brazil. Most of the species of Sigara are known from the Neotropics, and 11 of them have been reported in Brazil. Little is known about the distribution and taxonomy of Sigara species of Rio Grande do Sul. The following seven species are recorded and redescribed: Sigara (Tropocorixa) chrostowskii, S. (T.) denseconscripta, S. (T.) dita, S. (T.) hungerfordi, S. (T.) platensis, S. (T.) schadei, and S. (T.) townsendi. Sigara (T.) dita, S. (T.) hungerfordi, and S. (T.) townsendi are newly recorded from this State, while S. (T.) schadei is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Sigara (T.) bachmanni, sp. nov. is described from northeastern Rio Grande do Sul. This species resembles S. (T.) hungerfordi in having the synthlipsis less than 0.9 times the width of an eye, metaxyphus broader than long, and the infraocular portion of genae slender, but can be readily recognized by the presence of a short hook at apex of right clasper and serrations along the margin of its pre-apical portion. A key to the species of Sigara occurring in Rio Grande do Sul is provided. Although the general aspect of right clasper and the number of pegs of male pala as well as its shape have proven useful for species delimitation, S. (T.) chrostowskii and S. (T.) townsendi have shown considerable variation in these features and have been redescribed here.

Uma nova espécie de Sigara Fabricius (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Corixidae) e redescrição das espécies do gênero com registro no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os corixídeos representam o maior grupo de percevejos aquáticos conhecido, com cerca de 40 espécies ocorrentes no Brasil. Grande parte das espécies de Sigara ocorre na Região Neotropical, 11 delas foram registradas no Brasil até o momento. A distribuição e taxonomia das espécies ocorrentes no Rio Grande do Sul são pouco conhecidas. Sete espécies foram registradas e redescritas: Sigara (Tropocorixa) chrostowskii, S. (T.) denseconscripta, S. (T.) dita, S. (T.) hungerfordi, S. (T.) platensis, S. (T.) schadei e S. (T.) townsendi. Três espécies foram registradas pela primeira vez no Estado: S. (T.) dita, S. (T.) hungerfordi e S. (T.) townsendi. Sigara (T.) schadei nunca tinha sido registrada no Brasil. Sigara (T.) bachmanni, sp. nov. é descrita com base em exemplares coletados no nordeste do Estado. Essa nova espécie é similar à S. (T.) hungerfordi por apresentar o comprimento do sintilipso menor que 0,9 vezes a largura de um olho, o metaxifo mais largo que comprido e a gena estreita; pode ser distinguida das demais pela presença de um gancho curto no ápice do parâmero direito dos espécimes do sexo masculino e pela presença da margem da região preapical denteada. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies de Sigara ocorrentes no Rio Grande do Sul é fornecida. Apesar das características relativas ao aspecto geral do parâmero direito e do número de espinhos e forma da pala serem usados na definição das espécies, S. (T.) chrostowskii e S. (T.) townsendi mostraram consideráveis variações nessas características e foram redescritas neste estudo.

Case for diagnosis / Caso para diagnóstico

Porokeratosis is a primary keratinizing disorder of unknown etiology. This disorder is characterized by the presence of centrifugally enlarging hyperkeratotic plaques, associated with the histopathological hallmark of cornoid lamellae. Genital porokeratosis is extremely rare. No more than thirty cases have been reported in the literature, including only one case of linear porokeratosis confined to the genital area. This case report describes a patient with genital linear porokeratosis, who was successfully treated with cryotherapy. Over two years of follow-up, the lesion improved and there was no evidence of recurrence or signs of malignant transformation. Nevertheless, there is a need for long-term follow-up data on recurrence and malignant transformation.

A poroceratose é uma desordem primária de queratinização, de etiologia desconhecida. Apresenta-se com lesões eritemato-acastanhadas com crista periférica e centro normal ou atrófico, e está associada ao achado anatomopatológico de lamela cornoide. O envolvimento genital nessa doença é extremamente raro. Não mais que trinta casos têm sido descritos na literatura, sendo um desses casos de poroceratose linear localizado na área genital. Descrevemos um caso de poroceratose linear genital tratado com crioterapia. Durante dois anos de seguimento, houve melhora do aspecto das lesões, sem recorrência ou sinais de transformação maligna. Entretanto, um acompanhamento a longo prazo se faz necessário.

Taxonomic considerations on the genera Moneuptychia Forster and Carminda Dias, reval. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) / Considerações taxonômicas sobre os gêneros Moneuptychia Forster e Carminda Dias, reval. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

Euptychia soter Butler, 1877, the type species of Moneuptychia Forster, 1964, is compared to Satyrus paeon Godart, 1824, the type species of Carminda Dias, 1998. The male genitalia and wing design patterns of these species are dealt with. Some additional data from other species from both genera are also presented. The morphological comparisons carried out in this study indicate that Carminda is not a junior synonym of Moneuptychia. Thus, Carminda is revalidated.

Euptychia soter Butler, 1877, espécie-tipo de Moneuptychia Forster, 1964, é comparada com Satyrus paeon Godart, 1824, espécie-tipo de Carminda Dias, 1998. A genitália do macho e o padrão de desenho das asas dessas espécies são comparados. Alguns dados sobre outras espécies de ambos os gêneros são também incluídos. As comparações morfológicas ora apresentadas mostram que Carminda não é um sinônimo júnior de Moneuptychia. Portanto, Carminda é revalidado.

La polilla Copitarsia decolora: revisión del complejo de especies con base en la morfología genital masculina y de los huevos (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The moth Copitarsia decolora: a review of the species complex based on egg and male genital morphology (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Copitarsia decolora is a widely distributed polyphagous species with a large number of nominal changes due to phenotypic plasticity. We reviewed 14 males from Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Chile and the literature produced between 2003 and 2008. An analysis of the clasper complex of C. decolora male genitalia was performed by standard dissection. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of eggs structures were used as taxonomic characters. The genus Copitarsia comprises 23 species. C. corruda is considered a synonym of C. decolora. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (2): 769-776. Epub 2010 June 02.

Copitarsia decolora es una especie polífaga ampliamente distribuida con un gran número de cambios nominales debido a su plasticidad fenotípica. Examinamos 14 machos de México, Colombia, Venezuela, Perú y Chile y revisamos la literatura producida entre 2003 y 2008. Realizamos un análisis del clasper (digitus) de los órganos genitales masculinos del complejo de C. decolora mediante una disección estándar. Utilizamos fotografías de microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM) del corion de los huevos como carácter taxonómico. El género Copitarsia queda compuesto por 23 especies. C. corruda se considera un sinónimo de C. decolora (Guenée).

A new species of Buenoa Kirkaldy (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Notonectidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Uma nova espécie de Buenoa Kirkaldy (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Notonectidae) ocorrente no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Members of Buenoa are restricted to the Western Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity of species in South America. There are about 50 described species and approximately 20 of them have been reported from Brazil. Buenoa pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro and Nessimian, sp. nov. is described here from Maricá, Rio de Janeiro State. This species resembles B. mutabilis Truxal, 1953 because males have a stridulatory area on inner surface of forefemur, forefemur narrowed at apex, with length more than three times its width at apex, and rostral prong longer than third rostral segment. Males of B. pseudomutabilis sp. nov. can be readily recognized by the presence of 21 to 25 teeth in the stridulatory comb of foretibia, whereas in B. mutabilis the stridulatory comb of foretibia consists of approximately 33 to 38 teeth. Males of B. pseudomutabilis sp. nov. bear one nodule on each ventral laterotergite 1 of abdomen. A key to male species of Buenoa occurring in Rio de Janeiro State, including the new species, is provided.

Os representantes de Buenoa restringem-se ao hemisfério ocidental, sendo a América do Sul a região que abriga o maior número de espécies descritas. Das 50 espécies descritas, cerca de 20 ocorrem no Brasil. Buenoa pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro & Nessimian, sp. nov. é descrita com base em representantes de Maricá, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo similar à B. mutabilis Truxal, 1953 quanto à presença de uma área estridulatória na superfície interna do fêmur anterior dos machos, pelo aspecto estreito do ápice desse fêmur (com o comprimento maior que três vezes a largura do seu ápice) e pelo dente lateral do rostro maior que o seu terceiro segmento. Espécimes machos de B. pseudomutabilis sp. nov. podem ser distinguidos facilmente pela presença de um pente com 21 a 25 dentes na tíbia anterior, enquanto o dos machos de B. mutabilis consiste de aproximadamente 33 a 38 dentes. Os machos de B. pseudomutabilis sp. nov. apresentam um nódulo em ambos os lados do primeiro tergito látero-ventral do abdome. Uma chave de identificação para os representantes machos das espécies de Buenoa ocorrentes no Rio de Janeiro com a espécie nova incluída é fornecida.

Intraespecific variation on the aedeagus of Anopheles oswaldoi (Peryassú) (Diptera: Culicidae) / Variação intraespecífica no edeago de Anopheles oswaldoi (Peryassú) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú) comprises a species complex in South America. Specimens from two localities in east Mata Atlântica were characterized both at the morphological and molecular level as An. oswaldoi s.s. Intraspecific variation of the shape of the apex of the aedeagus of the male genitalia of specimens of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi s.s. from Vale do Ribeira, Mata Atlântica, São Paulo State, Brazil, was observed. Distinctive aedeagus of the specimens from Vale do Ribeira, Mata Atlântica, were evaluated, illustrated and compared to that of An. oswaldoi s.s.

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú) compreende complexo de espécies crípticas na América do Sul. Espécimes de duas localidades situadas no leste da Mata Atlântica foram empregados para caracterizar morfologica e molecularmente An. oswaldoi s.s. Foram observadas e avaliadas variações na forma do ápice do edeago da genitália masculina de espécimes de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi s.s. do Vale do Ribeira, Mata Atlântica, estado de São Paulo, e nas sequências do segundo espaçador interno transcrito (ITS2). Os espécimes com edeagos distintos apresentaram seqüências idênticas de ITS2. Os tipos distintos de edeago encontrados nos exemplares do Vale do Ribeira, Mata Atlântica, foram ilustrados.

A Case of Median Raphe Canal of the Penis / 대한피부과학회지

Median raphe canal is an uncommon disease and represents a defect abnormality of the male genitalia. It occurs along the ventral median raphe from the glans penis to the anus. Histologically the canal is lined by stratified squamous epithelium which dose not communicate with the urethra. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Recently we observed a 25-year-old male patient who had had a median raphe canal located in the ventral aspect of penis.

Median Raphe Canal of the Penis and the Scrotum / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Median raphe canal is a uncommon disease and represents a defect in the embryologic development of male genitalia. It occurs most commonly near the glans penis, but may occur anywhere from the urethral meatus to the anus, and is lined by endodermal or ectodermal epithelium. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. we report a median raphe canal on the ventral aspect of the penis and the scrotum with review of literatures.

A comparison between early and delayed treatment of male genital trauma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Male genital traumas on penis, scrotum and testis primarily result from external violences including motor vehicle accidents, industrial mishaps, gunshots, laceration, rights and sexual intercourse. The loss or function in this system may be not vital but the quality of patient`s life be deleterious if they are not properly managed. So, we reviewed 98 patients with male genital tract trauma in the view point or early and delayed treatment, and concluded that early diagnosis and judicious treatment gave patients the best chances of recovering urinary and genital function after genital trauma.

Estudos sobre os Scionini neotropicais do gênero Fidena - o subgênero Leptofidena - (Diptera, Tabanidae, Pangoniinae) / Studies on the Neotropical Scionini of the genus Fidena - The subgenus Leptofidena - (Diptera, Tabanidae, Pangoniinae)

The author redescribes the males of Fidena (Leptofidena) morio (Wulp, 1881) based on details of external morphology and of the dissected genitalia hitherto not studied.