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ABSTRACT Objective: To review the pathological diagnosis of possible cases and/or hidden cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) between 2000 and 2012 using the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry database in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Possible cases were retrieved by assessing the database. Inclusion criteria were being older than 30 years of age and having ICD-O-3 topography and morphology codes related to MM. A board of expert pathologists reviewed the pathology reports and requested paraffin blocks in cases that demanded revision. After staining with calretinin, D2-40, WT-1 (as positive MM markers) and Ber-EP4 and MOC31 (as negative MM markers), cases were divided and studied independently by a pair of pathologists to confirm or discard the diagnosis of MM. Results: Our sample comprised 482 cases from 25 hospitals, and 130 needed further histological revision. We received 73 paraffin blocks with adequate material. After board analysis, there were 9 cases with a definitive diagnosis of MM, improving the diagnostic rate in 12%. Two cases of previously diagnosed MM were discarded by review. Conclusions: Our results confirm that part of MM underdiagnosis and underreporting in Brazil is due to incomplete or mistaken pathological diagnosis.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la etiología benigna o maligna de las lesiones traqueales diagnosticadas por fibrobroncoscopia y el tratamiento establecido. Material y métodos: Estudio de observación clínica, retrospectivo y prospectivo, en pacientes con fibrobroncoscopia diagnóstica (octubre 2001 a septiembre 2003). Se registraron diagnóstico histopatológico benigno o maligno de las lesiones y el tratamiento. Se aplicaron las pruebas de varianza ANOVA y de comparación de proporciones con límites de confianza de la distribución binominal (Bernoulli). Resultados: De 867 fibrobroncoscopias, 153 (17.6%) fueron de vía aérea central realizadas en 111 pacientes, 62 (55.8%) hombres y 49 (44.1%) mujeres, edad promedio 52 años, desviación estándar 20.15, rango 3-82 años. Tenían patología benigna 66/111 (59.4%): las más frecuentes fueron estenosis posintubación 41/66 y granuloma inespecífico 9/66; otras causas incluyen compresión extrínseca, traqueomalacia, tuberculosis, fístula traqueoesofágica, escleroma, bridas, adenoma papilar. En 45/111 (40.5%) la patología fue maligna: primaria en 34/45 siendo más frecuente el adenocarcinoma 18/45; otros tumores fueron: cáncer epidermoide pulmonar, cáncer epidermoide laríngeo, carcinoma de células pequeñas; y metástasis: 4/45 como cáncer de próstata, cervicouterino, colangiocarcinoma y sarcoma fibromixoide retroperitoneal. Correspondieron a extensión local o infiltración tumoral 7/45 casos. Por ANOVA no se encontraron diferencias en cuanto al porcentaje de estenosis de diferente localización. Por comparación de proporciones no hubo diferencias significativas entre patología benigna y maligna; de cada 10 casos, 6 benignos y 4 malignos. De las lesiones malignas hubo diferencia significativa entre primarias y metastásicas e infiltrantes de tumores intratorácicos, 34/45 (75.5%), p<0.05. Después del tratamiento se obtuvo una mejoría inmediata de la sintomatología obstructiva. Conclusión: La fibrobroncoscopia permite determinar: localización, grado de obstrucción y tipo de lesión de laringe, tráquea y bronquios principales, benigna o maligna. Es útil para planear la terapéutica curativa o paliativa más conveniente para corregir la obstrucción. Predominó la estenosis posintubación traqueal 41/66 (62%) entre las lesiones benignas.
Objective: To determine the malignant and benign etiology of tracheal lesions by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and the results of their treatment. Material and methods: Retrospective and prospective study of patients with diagnostic FOB, from October 2001 to September 2003. Histopathologic diagnosis and treatment of all lesions were recorded. ANOVA and proportions comparison with confidence limits for binomial distribution (Bernoulli) were applied. Results: Of 867 FOB, 153 (17.6%) were performed in the main airway in a total of 111 patients. Sixty-two (55.8%) were males and 49 (44.1%) females, mean age of 52 years; SD 20.15, range 3-82 years. Of these, 66/111 (59.4%) had benign lesions, the most frequent were post-intubation stenosis (41/66) and non-specific granuloma (9/66), other lesions such as extrinsic compression, tracheomalacia, tuberculosis, tracheoesophageal fistula, scleroma, strips and papillary adenoma were found. In 45/111 (40.5%) the lesion was malignant; of these, 34/45 were primarythe most common being adenocarcinoma (18/45); other tumors were epidermoid pulmonary, epidermoid laryngeal and small cell carcinoma, and metastases, and 4/45 were prostate cancer, uterine cervix carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and retroperitoneal fibromixoid sarcoma. 7/45 had local infiltration or invasion from intrathoracic tumors. ANOVA did not demonstrate differences between the percentages of stenosis of different localization. There was statistical difference between primary and metastatic malignancies p <0.05. Immediate relief of respiratory difficulty was registered following treatment. Conclusion: Site, degree of obstruction and type of tracheal lesions can be evaluated by FOB to establish the most convenient treatment for the obstruction, whether curative or palliative. Among benign lesions post-endotracheal intubation structure was the most common.