RESUMO
A insuficiência renal crônica compromete as funções fisiológicas dos rins, e leva o paciente à diálise como terapia; contudo, essa condição gera suscetibilidade àdesnutrição. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico e nutricional dos pacientes em hemodiálise e compará-los em relação à doença renal de base. Éestudo retrospectivo, descritivo e transversal. Foram coletados dados demográficos, clínicos, antropométricos e laboratoriais de pacientes que estiveram em diálise. Foram incluídos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica e excluídos menores de 18 anos, com dados insuficientes ou com comorbidades que alterassem processo nutricional. Em conclusão, observaram-se 4 principais causas para doença renal crônica: hipertensão arterial crônica, doença renal policística, doença renal terminal e nefropatia diabética, que foi a mais prevalente, com pouca evidência de desnutrição
Chronic renal failure compromises the physiological functions of the kidneys and leads the patient to dialysis as a therapy; however, this condition generates susceptibility to malnutrition. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and nutritional profile of patients on hemodialysis and to compare them in relation to the underlying renal disease. It is a retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric and laboratory data were collected from patients who were on dialysis. Patients with chronic renal failure were included and those under 18 years of age, with insufficient data or with comorbidities that altered the nutritional process, were excluded. In conclusion, 4 main causes of chronic kidney disease were observed: chronic arterial hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease and diabetic nephropathy, which was the most prevalent, with little evidence of malnutrition.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Diálise Renal , Desnutrição , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , EpidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La malnutrición en los pacientes en hemodiálisis es consecuencia de diversos factorescarenciales e hipercatabólicos y constituye un factor de riesgo de morbimortalidad. Objetivo:Determinar la asociación entre hipoalbuminemia e hipofosfatemia con la escala de valoración globalsubjetiva (VGS) tipo C en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Métodos: Estudiotransversal analítico. Se estudiaron pacientes del servicio de hemodiálisis del hospital GuillermoAlmenara. Para la asociación entre variables continuas de malnutrición y los tipos de VGS se utilizóel test de Kruskal-Wallis y prueba de comparaciones múltiples y para las variables categóricashipoalbuminemia (≤3,5 g/dL) e hipofosfatemia (<3 mg/dL) se utilizó el chi cuadrado. Se analizó laasociación con la VGS tipo C. Resultados: Se incluyeron 131 pacientes y la edad mediana fue de 63años. El 34% presentó hipoalbuminemia, 27% presentó hipofosfatemia y el 14% una VGA tipo C. El52% (68) de los pacientes presentó alteración de al menos un biomarcador analizado. Se encontrarondiferencias entre VGS y albúmina (p<0,001) y fósforo (p=0,040). Los pacientes con VGS tipo C tuvieronuna media de albúmina de 3,1±0,74 de fósforo de 2,88±1,54 y tuvieron diferencia significativa encomparación con los de VGS tipo A (p<0,001 y p=0,011, respectivamente). El análisis de chi cuadradotambién demostró asociación significativa entre VGS e hipoalbuminemina (p=0,017) e hipofosfatemia(p=0,050). Conclusión: Existe asociación entre la VGS tipo C e hipoalbuminemia e hipofosfatemia enpacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis.
Introduction: Malnutrition in hemodialysis patients is a consequence of various deficiency andhypercatabolic factors and constitutes a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Objective: Determinethe association between hypoalbuminemia and hypophosphatemia with the Subjective globalassessment (SGA) C in patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. Patients from the hemodialysis service of the Hospital Guillermo Almenara werestudied. The Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons test were used for the association betweencontinuous variables of malnutrition and the types of SGA. The square-chi test was used for thecategorical variables hypoalbuminemia (≤3.5 g/dL) and hypophosphatemia (<3 mg/dL). The associationwith SGA C was analyzed. Results: 131 patients were included and the median age was 63 years. 34%had hypoalbuminemia, 27% had hypophosphatemia and 14% had SGA C. 52% (68) of the patientspresented alteration of at least one analyzed biomarker. Differences were found between SGA andalbumin (p<0.001) and phosphorus (p=0.040). Patients with SGA C had a mean albumin of 3.1±0.74 andphosphorus of 2.88±1.54 and had a significant difference compared to those with SGA A (p<0.001 and P= 0.011, respectively). Chi-square analysis also demonstrated a significant association between SGA andhypoalbuminemia (p = 0.017) and hypophosphatemia (p=0.050). Conclusion: There is an associationbetween SGA C and hypoalbuminemia and hypophosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney diseaseundergoing hemodialysis.