RESUMO
Fresh-cut mangoes are nutritious and offer consumers freshness, flavour and convenience. They however have a shorter shelf life compared to whole fruits due to their high susceptibility to microbial contamination. The effects of gamma irradiation and chemical preservatives on the microbiological quality of refrigerated fresh-cut mangoes were evaluated. Well matured fruits of Kent and Keitt varieties sliced into cubes were microbiologically analysed initially to determine counts of total viable cells (TVC), coliforms, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The samples were subjected to various irradiation doses (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kGy) and chemical preservatives (sucrose, citric acid, sodium benzoate and a combination of these chemicals in equal proportions) and stored at 6°C and 10ºC for 15 days. TVC was subsequently estimated at 3-day intervals for the treated samples. TVC was estimated as 3.53 ± 0.25 and 4.86 ± 0.38 log10cfu/g for the Kent and Keitt varieties respectively. No coliforms Salmonella sp., E. coli or S. aureus were detected in both varieties. Irradiation at doses of 1.5 kGy to 2.5 kGy in combination with storage at 6ºC was able to eliminate all viable cells after 9 days compared to 12 days of storage at 6ºC in the case of chemical preservatives. Irradiation is more effective and ideal compared to chemical preservatives in improving the microbiological quality and therefore extending the shelf life of refrigerated fresh-cut mangoes.
RESUMO
La impregnación al vacío es una tecnología eficaz para la incorporación de compuestos fisiológicamente activos (CFA) en la matriz porosa de un alimento dentro del marco de los mínimamente procesados, proporcionando nuevas categorías de productos funcionales que responden a las necesidades de mejorar la calidad nutricional de la población con carencia en micronutrientes. Fueron utilizados cilindros de mango fresco impregnados a vacío con una solución de lactato de calcio 6% y cloruro de calcio 1%. Las condiciones del proceso (presión y tiempo de vacío) y tamano de la muestra fueron definidas a través del estudio cuyas interacciones afectaron significativamente los parámetros de impregnación X y 8e. La técnica permitió incorporar un 37,6% de la Ingesta Diaria Recomendada (IDR) de calcio en 200 g de mango fresco, variedad Tommy Atkins, sin afectar las características sensoriales del producto final. La determinación de calcio fue realizada por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. El proceso generó pérdidas de líquidos nativos, expansión de la fruta y disminución de los valores de X y 8e por la presencia de iones calcio en el mango impregnado.
Vacuum impregnation is an effective technology for the incorporation of physiologically active compounds in a food porous matrix within the framework of minimally processed, providing new productfunctionality to meet the needs of improving the nutritional quality of micronutrient-deficient populations. Fresh mango cylinders were vacuum impregnated with a solution of calcium lactate 6 %% and 1 % calcium chloride, the process conditions (pressure and vacuum time) and sample size were defined by studying the interactions of which significantly affected parameters X and ee impregnation. The technique allowed the incorporation of37.6% (recommended daily intake) RDA of calcium in 200 g of fresh mango, variety Tommy Atkins, without affecting the sensory characteristics of the final product. The determination of calcium was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Process generated native fluid losses, expansion offruit and low levels ofX and ee by the presence of calcium ions in the soaked mango.
Assuntos
Alimentos Fortificados , Cálcio , Mangifera , Alimento Funcional , Frutas , MineraisRESUMO
The Development of an analytical method for the determination of 24 multiclass pesticides in mango at the ≤10 ng g-1 level. The method involves extraction of 10 g of homogenized mango samples (2 g of Sodium chloride- +8g of Magnesium sulfate) with 10 mL of Acetonitrile; Clean up by Dispersive solid phase extraction with a combination of primary secondary amine (PSA), graphitized carbon black (GCB) and anhydrous Magnesium sulfate and final estimation by LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The mean recoveries were in the range 80-120%. The method quantifies over a linear dynamic range of 10-100 μg/kg. The methodology has been proven to be highly efficient and robust and thus the method is suitable for monitoring the Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) compliance of a wide range of pesticides combinations.
RESUMO
Se evaluó el perfil de compuestos volátiles del mango (Mangifera indica L. Var. Tommy Atkins) al ser tratado con la combinación de los métodos de deshidratación osmótica con o sin pulso de vacío (DOPV y DO) y con secado por aire caliente o con vacío (SAC y VAC). El tiempo utilizado en la cinética del proceso de DO fue de 42 horas y la DOPV de 30 horas; en los procesos de secado, el SAC se realizó durante 24 horas y el VAC requirió 40 horas. En el perfil de compuestos volátiles del mango fresco analizado por cromatografía de gases acoplada a detector de espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) se encontraron compuestos tipo mono y sesquiterpénico, además de ácidos y ésteres grasos. El germacreno D (20,49%) fue el compuesto terpénico de mayor abundancia encontrado en el análisis realizado. La cantidad de compuestos volátiles en la fruta procesada fue afectada por la aplicación de DOPV y VAC; sin embargo estas pérdidas fueron menores que en las muestras secadas sin pretratamiento osmótico. En el análisis sensorial realizado, las frutas tratadas con DOPV y DO presentaron una menor intensidad calificada en el olor en comparación con la muestra no pretratada.
The aromatic profile of mango (Mangifera indica L. Var. Tommy Atkins) after be treated with the combination of osmotic dehydration methods with or without vacuum pulse (DOPV and DO) and with hot air or vacuum drying (SAC and VAC) was evaluated. The time spent on the kinetics of the DO process was 42 hours and for DOPV was 30 hours, in drying processes, the SAC was held for 24 hours and the VAC for 40 hours. In the profile of volatile compounds of fresh mango analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS), compounds founded were mono and sesquiterpenes type, besides fatty acids and esters. The germacrene D (20.49%) was the terpene compound most abundant found in the analysis. The amount of volatile compounds in processed fruit was affected by the application of DOPV and VAC, but these losses were lower than in the dried samples without osmotic pretreatment. In the sensory analysis performed, the treated fruit by DO and DOPV showed less qualified odor intensity compared with the sample not pretreated.
Neste trabalho, foram analisadas as mudanças no perfil químico e sensorial dos compostos aromáticos da manga (Mangifera indica L. Var. Tommy Atkins) tratada pela combinação dos métodos de desidratação osmótica com ou sem pulso de vácuo (DOPV e DO) e secagem com ar quente ou com vácuo (SAC e VAC). O tempo utilizado na cinética do processos de DO e de DOPV foi de 42 horas e 30 horas, respectivamente; nos processos de secagem, o SAC foi realizado durante 24 horas e o VAC durante 40 horas. No perfil dos compostos voláteis da manga fresca analizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espetrometria de massa (GC-MS) foram encontrados compostos do tipo mono e sesquiterpenos juntamente com ácidos e ésteres gordos. O composto terpénico presente em maior abundância foi o germacreno D (20.49%). A quantidade de compostos voláteis presentes nas frutas processadas foi afectada pela aplicação dos métodos DOPV e VAC, no entanto, estas perdas foram menores do que as ocorridas nas amostras secas sem pré-tratamento osmótico. Na análise sensorial realizada, as frutas tratadas com os métodos DOPV e DO apresentaram um aroma qualificado como sendo menos intenso do que o aroma das frutas que não receberam pré-tratamento osmótico.