The effects of gel-based manicure on pulse oximetry

INTRODUCTION@#Pulse oximetry is the standard monitoring technique of functional oxygen saturation (SpO). As the use of fingernail polish has been described to alter SpO readings, its removal is commonly recommended prior to measurement. Gel-based manicures have gained popularity in recent years due to their attractiveness and longevity. However, the removal of gel nail polish requires a specialised procedure. Valuable time and resources can be saved if removal can be avoided. To our knowledge, there are no available studies on the effect of gel-based manicures on pulse oximetry readings. Hence, we evaluated the effect with two oximeters, using different technology and wavelength combinations.@*METHODS@#17 healthy female adult volunteers were recruited for this single-blind randomised controlled trial. Subjects with hypothermia, hypotension, poor plethysmographic waveform and nail pathology were excluded. Colours tested were: black, purple, navy blue, green, light blue, white, yellow, orange, pink and red. Pulse oximetry was measured at 15- and 30-second intervals using two different pulse oximeters, the Philips M1191BL and Masimo SET®. Means were compared using paired t-tests.@*RESULTS@#Using the Masimo oximeter, light blue (ΔM = 0.97% ± 0.96%; p = 0.001) and orange (ΔM = 0.76 ± 1.17%; p = 0.016) gel nail polish resulted in a statistically significant increase from baseline SpO readings. With the Philips oximeter, the limits of agreement ranged from 2% for pink to 17% for black, indicating imprecision.@*CONCLUSION@#Gel-based manicures can result in overestimations of actual readings, delaying detection of hypoxaemia. Gel nail polish should be routinely removed or an alternative monitoring technique sought.

Adesão dos profsssionais às normas de biossegurnça aplicadas aos procedimentoss de manicure e pedicure em Juazeiro do Norte/CE / Adhesion of professionals to the bio-safety standards applied to the procedures for manicure and pedicure in Juazeiro do Norte/CE

O crescimento do mercado da beleza tem despertado a preocupação dos profissionais e clientes dos salões de beleza com a questão da biossegurança na prestação de serviços nestes locais. Os salões de beleza caracterizam-se como um ambiente de risco de contaminação por microrganismos por tratar-se de um local onde há uma grande rotatividade de pessoas e também por acontecer, rotineiramente, o uso compartilhado de artigos perfurocortantes. A pesquisa foi realizada com 100 profissionais da cidade, distribuídos em 15 bairros, divididos em quatro macro regiões de Juazeiro do Norte-CE e objetivou-se descrever a adesão dos profissionais às normas de biossegurança aplicadas aos procedimentos de manicure e pedicure nos salões de beleza. Conclui-se que há baixa adesão dos profissionais e desinformação em relação às normas de biossegurança.

The development of the beauty market has aroused the concern of professional and customer of beauty salons with the question of bio-safety in providing services in these places. The beauty salons can be considered places of risk of contamination by microorganisms because they are spaces where there is high turnover of people and by the shared use of sharp items. This research was made with 100 city workers, distributed in 15 districts, divided into four macro regions of Juazeiro do Norte-CE and aimed to describe the adherence of professionals to the bio-security standards applied to manicure and pedicure procedures in beauty salons. It is possible to conclude that there is low adhesion of beauty professionals and misinformation in relation to the bio-safety standards.

Procedimentos de biossegurança adotados por profissionais de serviços de embelezamento / Biosafety procedures adopted by beauty professionals

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar procedimentos de biossegurança adotados por profissionais de manicure, pedicure, tatuagem, piercing e maquiagem definitiva em Jacareí-SP. Utilizou-se abordagem descritiva e observacional de corte transversal. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada entre maio e junho de 2011. Foram feitas quarenta entrevistas com profissionais de estabelecimentos localizados no centro e nos dez bairros mais populosos. Utilizou-se questionário para avaliar conhecimentos e atitudes dos profissionais e um formulário para a observação de seus procedimentos e estrutura física dos estabelecimentos. Verificou-se falta de conhecimento sobre biossegurança pelos profissionais e deficiência na regulamentação desses serviços. Embora 55 por cento dos profissionais tenham realizado treinamento, seus procedimentos e a infraestrutura dos estabelecimentos foram favoráveis ​​à transmissão de doenças. Sobre os processos de limpeza, desinfecção e esterilização de instrumentais, nenhum dos entrevistados sabia o tempo e a temperatura ideal para a esterilização, 57,5 por cento tinham equipamento inadequado para sua realização e 80 por cento não tinham termostato ou termômetro no equipamento para a conferência da temperatura. Apenas 57,5 por cento acreditavam que poderiam transmitir doenças durante sua prática profissional. Quarenta e cinco por cento dos entrevistados relataram ter tido contato com sangue sem luvas. Outro problema observado foi a reutilização de materiais descartáveis. Somente 10 por cento possuíam área específica para a esterilização de instrumentais. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de formação de qualidade sobre boas práticas de biossegurança a esses profissionais, além de normas e diretrizes pormenorizadas para a prevenção de infecções nesses serviços, bem como a melhoria da vigilância nesses estabelecimentos.

The objective of this study was to investigate biosafety procedures adopted by manicure, pedicure, tattoo, piercing and permanent makeup professionals in Jacareí-SP. We used a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional approach. The field research was conducted between May and June 2011. Forty professionals were surveyed in the downtown area and in the ten most populated districts of the municipality. We used a questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitudes of professionals as well as a formulary for the observation of professional procedures and physical structure of establishments. It has been found that professionals lack knowledge on biosafety procedures, and that the regulation of these services was deficient. Although 55% of professionals have attended to training courses, their procedures and establishments' infrastructure were favorable to disease transmission. Regarding the processes for cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing instruments, none of interviewed knew the ideal time and temperature for sterilization, 57.5% had inadequate equipment for it and 80% had no thermostat or thermometer in the equipment for checking the temperature. Only 57.5% believed they could transmit infectious diseases during their professional practice. Forty-five percent of respondents reported having had contact with blood without wearing gloves. Another problem observed was the reuse of disposable material. Only 10% had a specific area for sterilizing instruments. The results demonstrated the need for providing to these professionals quality training on good biosafety practices and standards, detailed guidelines for the prevention of infections in these services as well as improvement on these establishments' surveillance.

Nail cosmetics.

The nail as an anatomic structure protects the terminal phalanx of the digit from injury. Historically, it has served as a tool for protection and for survival. As civilizations developed, it attained the additional function of adornment. Nail beautification is a big industry today, with various nail cosmetics available, ranging from nail hardeners, polishes, extensions, artificial/sculpted nails, and nail decorations. Adverse events may occur either during the nail-grooming procedure or as a reaction to the individual components of the nail cosmetics. This holds true for both the client and the nail technician. Typically, any of the procedures involves several steps and a series of products. Separate "nail-bars" have been set up dedicated to serve women and men interested in nail beautification. This article attempts to comprehensively inform and educate the dermatologist on the services offered, the products used, and the possible/potential adverse effects related to nail-grooming and nail cosmetics.