Coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19: a experiência de casais jovens adultos / Cohabitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of young adult couples / La cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19: la experiencia de parejas jóvenes adultas / Cohabitation pendant la pandemie de COVID-19: l'expérience de jeunes couples adultes

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo visou compreender a experiência de oito casais de adultos jovens em coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19 e as repercussões do período na vida conjugal. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, seis presenciais e duas online, com casais heterossexuais, sem filhos, que coabitavam há menos de três anos. A análise temática reflexiva gerou três temas: desafios e dificuldades na pandemia; aproximação entre o casal; ganhos e aprendizados. Níveis aumentados de estresse, insegurança e ansiedade, sensação de sobrecarga e de privação devido às medidas de distanciamento social, dificuldades na delimitação dos espaços individuais dentro de casa e aumento nos conflitos conjugais foram os principais desafios relatados. Apesar disso, o enfrentamento colaborativo resultou em maior intimidade e no fortalecimento do vínculo conjugal, aumentando o compromisso com a relação. Tais resultados ilustram como um contexto pandêmico pode impactar relacionamentos durante o início da coabitação.

Abstract This qualitative study investigated the cohabitation experience of eight young adult couples during in the pandemic and its repercussions on marital life. Semi structured interviews were conducted, six in-person and two online, with childfree heterosexual couples living together for less than three years. The reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes: pandemic-related challenges and difficulties, couple bonding, gains and learnings. Increased levels of stress, insecurity and anxiety, a sense of of overload and deprivation due to social distancing measures, difficulties in delimiting individual spaces within the home and an increase in marital conflicts were the main challenges reported. Conversely, the ability to collaboratively cope with these challenges resulted in more intimacy and strengthened the marital bond, generating greater couple commitment. These findings illustrate how pandemics can impact relationships during the beginning of cohabitation.

Resumen Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias de ocho parejas de adultos jóvenes en cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19 y sus repercusiones en la vida conyugal. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, seis presenciales y dos en línea, con parejas heterosexuales, sin hijos, que vivían en cohabitación hace menos de tres años. El análisis temático reflexivo generó tres temas: desafíos y dificultades en la pandemia, acercamiento entre la pareja, conquistas y aprendizajes. El aumento de los niveles de estrés, inseguridad y ansiedad, los sentimientos de sobrecarga y privación por las medidas de distanciamiento social, las dificultades para delimitar los espacios individuales dentro del hogar y el aumento de los conflictos conyugales fueron los principales desafíos informados. Además, afrontar estos desafíos de forma colaborativa redundó en mayor intimidad y en el fortalecimiento del vínculo conyugal, repercutiendo en el aumento del compromiso con la relación. Estos resultados muestran cómo el contexto pandémico puede impactar el comienzo de la convivencia de las relaciones de pareja.

Résumé Cette étude qualitative a examiné l'expérience de cohabitation de huit jeunes couples adultes pendant la pandémie et ses répercussions sur la vie conjugale. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés, six face-à-face et deux en ligne, auprès de couples hétérosexuels sans enfants vivant ensemble depuis moins de trois ans. L'analyse thématique réflexive a dégagé trois thèmes: les défis et difficultés liés à la pandémie, le lien du couple, les acquis et les enseignements. Des niveaux accrus de stress, d'insécurité et d'anxiété, des sentiments de surcharge et de privation dus aux mesures de distanciation sociale, des difficultés à délimiter les espaces individuels chez eux et une augmentation des conflits conjugaux sont les principaux défis signalés. Cependant, la capacité à faire face ensemble à ces défis a permis d'accroître l'intimité et de renforcer le lien conjugal, générant ainsi un plus grand engagement du couple. Ces résultats illustrent l'impact que les pandémies peuvent avoir sur les relations au début de la cohabitation.

Measurement invariance of the satisfaction with leisure satisfaction scale by gender, marital status, and age

Abstract Background Leisure satisfaction is the degree of positive perception and emotions that an individual acquires as a result of participating in leisure time activities, and it has an important function in maintaining and increasing leisure time participation. Some studies on leisure satisfaction address the comparisons between groups. These studies are based on the premise that the measurement tool used to reveal the between-group differences measures the same feature in subgroups. Objective In this study, we investigated whether the differences between the groups were due to the measurement tool by examining the psychometric properties of the leisure satisfaction scale. Methods The study sample comprised 2344 exercising individuals, including 1228 (52.3%) women and 1116 (47.6%) men. The structural invariance of the leisure satisfaction scale, developed by Beard and Ragheb (Journal of Leisure Research 12:20-33, 1980) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 22:139-145, 2011), was tested through multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results The results indicated that the structural and metric invariance conditions were fulfilled across gender, marital status, and age in all subscales of the leisure satisfaction scale. Scalar invariance was obtained in educational and social satisfaction subscales across gender and in physical satisfaction subscale across marital status. Conclusion The study provides evidence for the future comparisons according to these three variables, indicating that the differences obtained will result from the real differences between groups rather than the measurement tool properties.

Revisão sistemática de intervenções com pais na transição para parentalidade / Systematic review of interventions with parents in the transition to parenthood / Revisión sistemática de intervenciones con padres en la transición a la parentalidad

This study analyzed the effects of intervention programs aimed at mothers and fathers who were expecting their first child on the individual, marital, and parental domains of the transition to parenthood. We selected research articles published between 2008 and 2019 from the PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Data collection was carried out between November and December 2019 by two independent judges, according to the recommendations of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes). After applying the inclusion criteria, we classified the results of 30 articles and 6782 participants into three themes corresponding to each assessed domain. Positive effects on each domain of the transition to parenthood were obtained, mostly from interventions on couple communication, problem-solving, and co-parenting. Enhancements in the couple's relationship improve parents' mental health and marital satisfaction, which may promote parental emotional availability and responsiveness.

Este estudo analisou os efeitos de programas de intervenção com mães e pais à espera do primeiro filho sobre os domínios individual, conjugal e parental da transição para a parentalidade. Foram selecionados artigos empíricos publicados entre 2008 e 2019 nas bases de dados PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, e Web of Science. A coleta de dados foi realizada por dois juízes independentes, conforme as recomendações do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review e Meta-Analyzes). Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, os resultados de 30 artigos e 6782 participantes foram classificados em três temas correspondentes a cada domínio avaliado. Foram verificados efeitos positivos em cada domínio da transição para a parentalidade, principalmente com intervenções sobre a comunicação de casal, solução de problemas e coparentalidade. Os benefícios para o relacionamento do casal favoreceram a saúde mental e a satisfação conjugal dos pais, o que pode promover maior disponibilidade emocional e capacidade de resposta dos pais.

Este estudio analizó los efectos de programas de intervención con madres y padres en los dominios individual, matrimonial y parental de la transición a la parentalidad. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2019 de las bases de datos PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science. La recolección se realizó por dos jueces independientes, según las recomendaciones de PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes). Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se clasificaron los resultados de 30 artículos y 6782 participantes en tres temas correspondientes a cada dominio. Se obtuvieron efectos positivos en cada dominio de la transición, principalmente con intervenciones sobre la comunicación de la pareja, la resolución de problemas y la coparentalidad. Los beneficios en la relación de pareja mejoran la salud mental de los padres y la satisfacción marital, lo que puede promover la disponibilidad emocional y la capacidad de respuesta de los padres.

Sexually transmitted infection (STI): A malady with skewed marital unfaithfulness, the Nigerian experience

Marital unfaithfulness is a major contributor to sexually transmitted infections in both sexes; however, societal view of the menace seems to use various lenses for the different sexes. Globally, evidence suggests that marital infidelity has existed in history. In Africa, as well as in Western society, infidelity is a problem facing many families and accounts for high incidence of divorce. This narrative review described and synthesized literature on marital infidelity and its association with sexually transmitted infections. We conducted informal interviews with married women on their experiences with marital infidelity in Nigeria. Associated physical, social and psychological cultured imposed consequences were experienced by women in Nigeria. The recurrent themes felt helplessness, enduring physical, emotional and psychological torture, accepting fate with reservation and being strangers in marital union. This narrative review could initiate critical thoughts and discussions on the factors in skewed marital unfaithful and the contribution to reproductive health and family life.

Study on the correlation between marital status and mild cognitive impairment in older adults / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between marital status and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.Methods:This study is a cluster random sampling.From January to December 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among older adults aged 60 years and over in four cities of Hebei Province.Finally, 2690 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive function were enrolled.The older adults were divided into 2 groups according to their marital status: married and living with their spouses(group E1), divorced or living alone(group E2). The mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores of older adults in the two groups were compared.Moreover, the cognitive differences of older adults between the two groups and the interaction of marital status, social activities and life events on cognitive outcomes were analyzed.Results:The married older adults with partners had better cognitive preservation( P<0.01). The more life events were more likely to cause cognitive impairment( P<0.01), and the interaction of marital status, social activities and life events had a significant impact on cognition( P<0.01). Older men who were married and lived with spouse had better cognition than older women who were married and lived with spouse( P<0.05 in Model 3). The cognition of widowed elderly women was better than those of widowed elderly men( P<0.1 in Model 1; P<0.1 in Model 2). Among elderly men, the cognition of those married and living with spouse was better than that those of widowed( P<0.01 in models 1 and 2, P<0.1 in model 3). Among elderly women, those married and living with spouse had better cognitive outcomes than those widowed( P<0.01 in Model 1, P<0.01 in Model 2). Conclusions:Marital companionship is a protective factor for the cognition of older adults, and there are gender differences in the impact of marital status on cognition in late life.

Relationship of common dyadic coping to marital satisfaction and quality of life for patients with brain injury and their spouses in a rehabilitation facility: using common fate model / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate common dyadic coping (CDC) in linking with marital satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) in patients with brain injury and their spouses in a rehabilitation facility by using common fate model (CFM). MethodsFrom October, 2022 to June, 2023, 101 brain injury inpatients and their spouses in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital completed the questionnaire of Dyadic Coping Inventory, Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life. ResultsThe level of CDC between patients and their spouses significantly positively correlated with their marital satisfaction for both partners (β = 0.814, P < 0.001), as well as correlated with their quality of life (β = 0.271, P = 0.038; β = 0.481, P < 0.001). For the dimensions of QOL, the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental dimensions significantly positive correlated with the CDC for the spouses, and only psychological and social relationship dimensions for the patients. ConclusionFacing the stress of brain injury, the level of CDC within couples can positively predict their marital satisfaction and QOL, and effect seems stronger for the spouses. It is advisable to consider both brain injured patients and their spouses as a whole to promote psychological adaptation and improve rehabilitation outcomes.

Casamiento infantil y salud perinatal en Ecuador, 2015-2020 / Child marriage and perinatal health in Ecuador, 2015-2020

RESUMEN Este estudio buscó estimar la prevalencia y distribución de nacidos vivos de madres menores de 18 años en Ecuador y la asociación entre indicadores perinatales y estado marital materno. A partir de los registros de nacidos vivos obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos de Ecuador para el período 2015-2020, se estimó la asociación conjunta entre grupos de edad (10-15, 16-17, 18-19 y 20-24 años) y la situación conyugal materna (casada, unión estable y soltera), con bajo peso al nacer, parto pretérmino e inadecuada atención prenatal. La prevalencia de partos de madres menores de 18 años fue del 9,3% y declinó en el periodo de estudio, drásticamente entre las mujeres casadas. La asociación entre estado marital y las variables explicativas dependió de la edad materna. Los resultados más favorables de salud observados entre las madres casadas de 20-24 años, en comparación con las madres solteras, se debilitan o desaparecen entre las menores de edad. Las madres en uniones de hecho experimentaron resultados intermedios entre las mujeres casadas y las solteras.

ABSTRACT This study sought to estimate the prevalence and distribution of newborns to mothers under age 18 in Ecuador and the association between perinatal indicators and maternal marital status. Newborn records obtained from Ecuador's Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) between 2015 and 2020 were used to assess the joint association between maternal age groups (10-15, 16-17, 18-19, and 20-24 years) and marital status (married, common-law, and single) with low birthweight, preterm birth, and inadequate prenatal care. The prevalence of newborns to mothers under age 18 was 9.3% overall, but declined over the study period, drastically among married mothers. The association between marital status and perinatal indicators depended on maternal age. The more favorable outcomes observed among married mothers aged 20-24 years (compared to their single counterparts) weaken or disappear among mothers under age 18. Mothers in stable unions exhibited outcomes in between those of married and single mothers.

Construct Validity of the Brazilian Version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale / Validação de Construto da Versão Brasileira da Dyadic Adjustment Scale

Abstract This study sought evidence of construct validity for the Brazilian versions of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. A total of 448 individuals participated in the research, 253 women and 195 men from several regions of Brazil who had been cohabiting with their marital partners for an average of 14.7 years. Several proposed models for the measure were tested in Structural Equation Modeling. In the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the four-factor and hierarchical models of the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale showed good overall adjustments. Evidence of factor, convergent, and discriminant validity were also found. Composite reliability revealed adequate levels of internal consistency. The Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated a strong measurement invariance model for men and women.

Resumo Este estudo verificou evidências de validade de construto para as versões brasileiras da Dyadic Adjustment Scale e da Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Participaram da pesquisa 448 indivíduos, 253 mulheres e 195 homens de diversas regiões nacionais que coabitavam com seus parceiros conjugais há 14,7 anos, em média. Na Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, foram testados seis modelos anteriormente propostos para a medida. Entre eles, quatro fatores correlacionados e hierárquico multidimensional da Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale apresentaram os melhores ajustes gerais. Foram encontradas evidências de validades fatorial, convergente e discriminante e níveis adequados de consistência interna por meio da confiabilidade composta. Também foi demonstrada a invariância de medida forte do modelo da RDAS entre homens e mulheres.

Violência sexual contra mulheres por parceiro íntimo e desigualdade de gênero na voz dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Violencia sexual contra las mujeres por parte de la pareja íntima y desigualdad de género en la voz de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud / Sexual violence against women by intimate partner and gender inequality in the voice of Primary Health Care professionals

É difícil reconhecer o sexo forçado vivido nas relações sexuais no âmbito doméstico como violência. Há também uma imprecisão entre a violência, tal como no sexo forçado, e a desigualdade de gênero, como na aceitação do dever marital. Buscou-se compreender o que profissionais da Atenção Primária pensam sobre essas duas experiências, como interpretam relatos das mulheres e o que fazem sobre isso. Entrevistados, os profissionais dizem que sexo forçado ou sexo sem consentimento explícito são ambos violência, e assim devem ser nomeados. Agindo desse modo, eles pensam esclarecer suas pacientes acerca dos direitos das mulheres. No entanto, no dia a dia, nem todos o fazem e ninguém reconheceu ou nomeou a aceitação do dever marital como desigualdade de gênero. Conclui-se que, se a violência está presente como questão, sua distinção quanto à desigualdade de gênero ainda é um desafio.(AU)

Es difícil reconocer el sexo forzado vivido en las relaciones sexuales en el ámbito doméstico como violencia. Hay también una imprecisión entre la violencia, tal como en el sexo forzado, y la desigualdad de género, como en la aceptación del deber conyugal. Se buscó entender lo que los profesionales de la atención primaria piensan sobre esas dos experiencias, cómo interpretan los relatos de las mujeres y qué hacen sobre eso. Al ser entrevistados, los profesionales decían que el sexo forzado o el sexo sin consentimiento explícito son violencia y deben ser denominados como tal. Actuando así, ellos piensan aclarar a sus pacientes los derechos de las mujeres. Sin embargo, en el cotidiano no todos lo hacen y ninguno reconoció o nombró la aceptación del deber conyugal como desigualdad de género. Se concluyó que la violencia está presente como cuestión y que su distinción con relación a la igualdad de género todavía es un desafío.(AU)

Studies show how difficult it is to recognize what is experienced in sexual relationships within households. There is an inaccuracy between violence as in the forced sex, and gender inequality as in the acceptance of the marital duty. We aimed to understand what health care providers think about these two experiences, how they interpret women's reports and what they do about it. Interviewed, the professionals say that both forced sex and sex with no explicit consent are violence and so they should be named. By doing so, professionals intend to enlighten their patients about women's rights. However, in everyday life not everyone does and no one recognized or named marital duty as gender inequality. We conclude that if violence is present as an issue, its distinction in relation to gender inequality is still a challenge.(AU)

Diferencia de edad entre cónyuges por nivel educativo en América Latina. El caso de Bolivia, Ecuador y Uruguay / Diferença de idade entre cônjuges por nível de escolaridade na América Latina. O caso de Bolívia, Equador e Uruguai / Spousal age difference by education in Latin America. The case of Bolivia, Ecuador and Uruguay

Resumen El objetivo del estudio es hacer un análisis descriptivo de la asociación entre la educación y la diferencia de edad entre los cónyuges en uniones de distinto sexo y conocer cómo ha evolucionado esta relación a lo largo de las cohortes en las últimas décadas a la luz del incremento del nivel educativo de la población en América Latina, en particular de las mujeres. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo utilizando muestras de rondas censales desde 1970 hasta 2010 de tres países de la región, Bolivia, Ecuador y Uruguay, seleccionando a hombres y a mujeres de 25 a 29 años de edad. Tanto en hombres como en mujeres, no se observa en general un descenso significativo de la diferencia etaria a lo largo de las cohortes. Mientras en las mujeres se observó una relación negativa entre la diferencia etaria entre cónyuges y nivel educativo, en los hombres se constató mayor heterogeneidad entre los países.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é realizar uma análise descritiva da associação entre escolaridade e diferença de idade entre cônjuges em uniões de diferente sexo e como essa relação evoluiu ao longo das coortes nas últimas décadas em função do aumento da escolaridade da população da América Latina, especialmente para as mulheres. Foram utilizadas amostras de rodadas dos censos de 1970 a 2010 de três países da região − Bolívia, Equador e Uruguai −, selecionando homens e mulheres de 25 a 29 anos de idade. Para o total da amostra, não foi observada diminuição significativa na diferença de idade ao longo das coortes. Para as mulheres, verificou--se relação negativa entre a diferença de idade entre os cônjuges e a escolaridade. Para os homens, observou-se maior heterogeneidade entre os países.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between education and the age gap between spouses in heterosexual unions. The study also examines how this association has changed over time in different cohorts, especially among women, in the context of educational expansion in Latin America. The research used the data collected from census rounds conducted between 1970 and 2010 in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Uruguay. The sample included men and women aged between 25 to 29. The findings reveal that there was no significant decrease in the age difference throughout the cohorts for both men and women. However, a negative relationship was observed between the spousal age difference and educational level in women. On the other hand, men showed greater heterogeneity between countries.

Is there an association between family structure and the oral health of socially vulnerable children?

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the family structure on the oral health status of socially vulnerable children in the Federal District of Brazil. A total of 471 schoolchildren with a mean age of 8.12 (± 0.90) years were examined for dental caries using the CAST instrument. Dental biofilm and oral pain were also registered. Children's guardians were interviewed about socioeconomic variables and oral hygiene habits. The association between oral pain in the previous 30 days and the child's maximum CAST score were analyzed using the Pearson chi-squared test. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to determine the predictors of presence of biofilm, oral pain, and caries severity. The prevalence of cavitated dentin lesions was 43.74% and, both dentin and enamel lesions, 52.87%; for both dentitions. An association between pain and severe nontreated carious lesions was found (p < 0.0001). The family structure was not related to the presence of dental caries, but a significant association was found between low maternal education and severe carious lesions (PR = 1.41; p = 0.0077) and oral pain (PR = 1.47; p = 0. 0335); not owning a residence and frequency of toothbrushing were also associated with the substantial presence of biofilm (PR = 1.13, p = 0.0493 and PR = 1.18, p = 0.0470; respectively). For socially vulnerable children, variables related to the socioeconomic status of the families were more relevant than the family structure in relation to their oral health status.

Relacionamento amoroso: perspectivas de homens acusados de violência por parceiro íntimo / Love relationship: perspectives of men accused of intimate partner violence / Relación amorosa: perspectivas de los homebres acusados de violencia de pareja

A violência conjugal é um grave problema de saúde pública. Iniciativas que busquem compreender os elementos envolvidos na violência são relevantes para sua melhor compreensão e para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas interventivas. Este artigo apresenta um estudo qualitativo sobre as concepções de relacionamento amoroso presentes nos relatos de onze homens acusados de violência conjugal, conforme a Lei 11.340, Maria da Penha, em uma capital do Brasil. Foram utilizados questionários sociodemográficos e grupos focais para coleta das informações. Através da Análise Temática, destacam-se os resultados concernentes ao conceito de relacionamento amoroso, comunicação e estratégias de resolução de conflitos, bem como suas subcategorias. Verificou-se o quanto a figura tradicional masculina enfrenta um processo de ambiguidade em seu papel social, o que gera reverberações na relação conjugal. Ademais, o uso da violência como estratégia ineficaz de resolução de conflitos e a idealização amorosa ocupam um lugar de destaque. Salienta-se a importância de pesquisas e intervenções com esta população

Marital violence is a serious public health problem. Initiatives aimed at understanding the elements involved in domestic violence are relevant to better understand it and to develop intervention tools. This is a qualitative study and it aims to analyze and understand the conceptions of love relationships in the reports of men accused of conjugal violence and framed under Law 11.340, Maria da Penha, in a Brazilian capital. A Sociodemographic questionnaire and Focus Group were applied to data collection. Thematic Analysis was used to highlight the results concerning the concept of love relationships, couple's communication, and conflict resolution strategies and their subcategories. It was verified how much the traditional male figure faces a process of ambiguity in his social role, affecting the marital relationship. In addition, the use of violence as an ineffective strategy for conflict resolution and the love idealization occupy a prominent place. The importance of research and interventions in this population is emphasized

La violencia marital es un grave problema de salud pública. Las iniciativas destinadas a comprender los elementos involucrados en la violencia son relevantes para su mejor comprensión y para el desarrollo de herramientas de intervención. Este artículo presenta un estudio cualitativo sobre las concepciones sobre la relación amorosa presente en los informes de once hombres acusados de violencia conyugal (Ley 11.340, Maria da Penha), en una capital brasileña. El cuestionario sociodemográfico y el grupo focal se utilizaron para recopilar información. A través del análisis temático, destacamos los resultados sobre el concepto de relación de amor, comunicación y estrategias de resolución de conflictos. Se verificó cuánto se enfrenta la figura masculina tradicional a un proceso de ambigüedad en su papel social, produciendo reverberaciones en la relación matrimonial. Además, el uso de la violencia como una estrategia ineficaz para la resolución de conflictos y la idealización del amor ocupan un lugar destacado. Se enfatiza la importancia de la investigación y las intervenciones con esta población

Entre altos e baixos: momentos significativos vivenciados por casais longevos / Between ups and downs: significant moments experienced by long-lived couples / Entre alto y bajo: momentos significativos vividos por parejas longevas

Na convivência de longa duração, os momentos considerados significativos pelos casais são importantes referências para se entender a satisfação com os modos de se relacionar a dois. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como casais engajados em relacionamentos de longa duração percebem os "melhores" e "piores" momentos vivenciados na conjugalidade. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram conduzidas com 25 casais heterossexuais, que estavam juntos, em média, há 39,5 anos. As entrevistas transcritas foram submetidas à análise temático-reflexiva. A experiência da parentalidade e a convivência familiar foram identificadas como os melhores momentos e, como piores experiências, o enfrentamento do adoecimento ou morte de um membro familiar e dificuldades financeiras. Conclui-se que, para os casais entrevistados, convivência familiar e cuidados parentais são percebidos como determinantes da satisfação conjugal. As relações conjugais são classificadas de forma dicotômica, como boas ou ruins, a partir de fatos pontuais que eliciam satisfação ou insatisfação com o relacionamento, sem considerar que o vínculo amoroso é dinâmico e, portanto, sensível a melhores e piores momentos

Long-term relationships can be shaped by moments considered remarkable. Such experiences are an important reference to understand the satisfaction with the ways to build marital bonds. The aim of this study was to understand how couples engaged in long-term relationships perceive the "best" and "worst" moments experienced in conjugality. Twenty fi ve heterosexual couples, united for 39.5 years on average, were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic-reflective analysis. The experience of parenting and family life were identifi ed as the best moments and, as worst experiences, facing the illness or death of a family member and fi nancial difficulties. It is concluded that, for the couples interviewed, family life and parental care are perceived as determinants of marital satisfaction. Marital relationships tend to be classifi ed dichotomously, as good or bad, based on punctual facts that elicit satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the relationship, without considering that the romantic bond is dynamic and therefore sensitive to better and worse moments

En la conyugalidad a largo plazo, los momentos considerados notables por las parejas son referentes importantes para comprender la satisfacción con las formas de relacionarse con dos. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo las parejas que mantienen relaciones a largo plazo perciben los "mejores" y los "peores" momentos vividos en la conyugalidad. Se entrevistó a 25 parejas heterosexuales, en promedio, durante 39,5 años. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron sometidas a análisis temático-reflexivo. La experiencia de la crianza y la vida familiar se identifi caron como los mejores momentos y, como peores experiencias, el afrontamiento de la enfermedad o muerte de un familiar y las dificultades económicas. Se concluye que, para las parejas entrevistadas, la vida familiar y el cuidado parental son percibidos como determinantes de la satisfacción conyugal. Las relaciones maritales se clasifican dicotómicamente, en buenas o malas, en base a hechos puntuales que provocan satisfacción o insatisfacción con la relación, sin considerar que el vínculo amoroso es dinámico y, por tanto, sensible a mejores y peores momentos

Psychometric properties of dyadic data from the marital quality scale of Indonesian Javanese couples

Abstract Background Researchers have demonstrated that various measurement concepts and dimensions depend on context and timing. Objectives The current study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Javanese couples' marital quality scale based on validity and reliability Methods In total 840 participants or 420 marital dyad from Java, Indonesia, were involved in this study. The psychometrics properties scale was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant analysis, and composite reliability. Results The exploratory factor analysis found relationship quality to consist of support, physical proximity, warmth, communication, acceptance and respect, role sharing, and responsibility factors. Well-being quality consists of happiness, harmony, and problem-solving. The fit of the measurement model was obtained using confirmatory factor analysis. The fit model was also found in the husband's and wife's groups, with no differences between them. The high correlations between wife-husband factors also proved the validity based on convergent and discriminant evidence. The reliability coefficient was high for each dimension and construct. Discussion This analysis shows that the marital quality scale developed has information on psychometric properties that can be useful for researchers and the practicians using the marital quality instrument of Javanese couples in particular.

Men's Perceptions of Domestic Violence Against Women: A Qualitative Study / Percepções de Homens Sobre Violência Doméstica Contra Mulheres: Estudo Qualitativo / Percepciones de los Hombres Sobre Violencia Doméstica Contra la Mujer: Un Estudio Cualitativo

Abstract Domestic violence against women is a serious social problem that requires male's perspective understanding to be prevented. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of adult men, with higher education degree or higher education students, on this type of violence. Using Bandura's social learning theory, a qualitative study was developed with 13 men. The data were collected using remote semi-structured interviews. The analytical process used thematic analysis presuppositions. It was found that men do not agree with sexist ideals that can increase the rates of violence against women. However, participants oscillate between understanding women as victim and as guilty. The data may be a reflection of the current greater debate on issues related to gender equality. We conclude that it is important to invest in the multidimensional training of men to break with hegemonic masculinity, which can foster the struggle against gender-based violence.

Resumo A violência doméstica contra mulheres é grave problema psicossocial que, para ser prevenido, requer compreender como homens o explicam. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções de homens adultos escolarizados sobre esse tipo de violência. Utilizando o referencial teórico da aprendizagem social, foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo que contou com a participação de 13 homens. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas remotamente na coleta de dados. O processo analítico seguiu os pressupostos da análise temática. Verificou-se que os homens não concordam com ideais machistas que podem aumentar os índices de violência contra as mulheres. Contudo, os participantes oscilam entre entender as mulheres como vítimas e também culpadas. Os dados podem ser reflexo do maior debate na atualidade sobre questões relacionadas à igualdade de gênero. Conclui-se ser importante investir na formação multidimensional dos homens para romper com a masculinidade hegemônica, o que pode ser salutar no enfrentamento da violência contra mulheres.

Resumen La violencia doméstica contra la mujer es un grave problema psicosocial que requiere de la perspectiva masculina para ser prevenida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las percepciones de hombres adultos con formación en torno a este tipo de violencia. Utilizando el marco teórico del aprendizaje social, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo con la participación de 13 hombres. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas remotas para la recolección de datos. El proceso analítico siguió los presupuestos del análisis temático. Los hombres no están de acuerdo con los ideales machistas que pueden aumentar los índices de violencia contra las mujeres. Los participantes oscilan entre entender a las mujeres como víctimas y también como culpables. Los datos pueden ser un reflejo del gran debate actual sobre la igualdad de género. Se concluye que es importante invertir en la formación multidimensional de los hombres para romper con la masculinidad hegemónica, lo que puede ser beneficioso para combatir la violencia contra las mujeres.

Postpartum depression: evidences of the predictive power of social support and marital relationship / Depressão pós-parto: evidências do poder preditivo do apoio social e relacionamento conjugal / Depresión posparto: evidencias del poder predictivo del apoyo social y la relación conyugal

This study aimed to evaluate social support and marital relationships in women with and without postpartum depression (PND), investigating the relationship between these constructs and the positive and negative impacts of each of them for the PND. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 67 women (32 with depression and 35 without depression) with children aged between 51 and 77 days. The results indicated that women with PND (assessed through the EPDS) had lower scores in perception of social support and identified their marital relationships as more conflicting. In the hierarchical model, demographic variables (baby's age and maternal education) and marital relationship explained part of the variance of symptoms of PND. Social support did not prove to be a significant predictor in the model. Among the factors evaluated, the quality of the marital relationship was the most important to minimize the risk of developing PND, being an aspect subject to interventions by health professionals. (AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar o apoio social e o relacionamento conjugal em mulheres com e sem depressão pós-parto (DPP), investigando a relação entre esses construtos e os impactos positivos e negativos de cada um deles para a DPP. Conduziu-se um estudo transversal com 67 mulheres (32 com depressão e 35 sem depressão) com filhos com idade entre 51 e 77 dias. Os resultados indicaram que mulheres com DPP (avaliadas por meio da EPDS) relataram menor percepção de apoio social e identificaram seus relacionamentos conjugais como mais conflituosos. No modelo hierárquico, variáveis demográficas (idade do bebê e escolaridade materna) e relacionamento conjugal explicaram em parte a variância dos sintomas de DPP. O apoio social não se revelou um preditor significativo no modelo. Entre os avaliados, a qualidade do relacionamento conjugal foi o mais importante para minimizar o risco de desenvolvimento de DPP, sendo um aspecto passível de intervenções por profissionais da saúde. (AU)

El objetivo fue evaluar el apoyo social y las relaciones maritales en mujeres con y sin depresión posparto (DPP), investigando la relación entre estos constructos y los impactos positivos y negativos de cada uno de ellos a la DPP. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 67 mujeres (32 con depresión y 35 sin depresión) con hijos de entre 51 y 77 días. Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres con DPP (evaluadas a través de la EPDS) presentaron una menor percepción de apoyo social e identificaron sus relaciones maritales como más conflictivas. En el modelo jerárquico, las variables demográficas (edad del bebé y educación materna) y la relación conyugal explicaron una parte de la varianza de los síntomas de la DPP. El apoyo social no resultó ser un predictor significativo en el modelo. Entre los factores evaluados, la calidad de la relación conyugal fue el más importante para minimizar el riesgo de desarrollar DPP, siendo un aspecto sujeto a intervenciones por parte de los profesionales de la salud. (AU)

Impacts of social distancing on marital life during Covid-19 pandemic / COVID-19 e vida conjugal: impactos do distanciamento social na vida a dois / COVID-19 y vida conyugal: impactos del distanciamiento social en la vida juntos

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of social distancing on different areas of marital life during the Covid-19 pandemic. 1121 Brazilians, who were living with romantic partners, answered an online survey about their social distancing practices during the pandemic and aspects of their relationship. Most participants did not report impairment in marital behavior and 68% did not report experiencing willingness to divorce during pandemic. However, binary logistic regressions showed that the Odds Ratio of reporting willingness to divorce was lower for individuals with longer cohabitation (OR = 0.998), while higher when there was a decrease in positive marital behaviors (OR = 1.8 - 3.13), and also reported an increase in the conflicts, arguments and fights (OR = 6.12 - 6.43). Indicators of higher confinement at home during the pandemic were associated with higher chances of reporting willingness to divorce. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o impacto do distanciamento social durante a pandemia de Covid-19 sobre diversas áreas da vida conjugal. Foi realizado um levantamento online com 1121 brasileiros que residiam com parceiros amorosos e responderam sobre suas práticas de distanciamento social durante a pandemia e aspectos da relação conjugal. A maioria dos participantes não relatou prejuízos nos comportamentos conjugais e 68% não relataram vontade de separação neste período. Porém, regressões logísticas binárias demonstraram que as chances (Odds Ratio) de relatar vontade de separação foram menores para indivíduos com maior tempo de coabitação (OR = 0,998) e maiores quando houve diminuição de comportamentos conjugais positivos (OR = 1,8 - 3,13) e aumento de conflitos e brigas (OR = 6,12 - 6,43). Indicadores de maior confinamento em casa durante a pandemia estiveram associados a chances maiores de relatar vontade de separação. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del distanciamiento social en diferentes áreas de la vida conyugal durante la pandemia de Covid-19. 1121 brasileños que vivían con parejas románticas respondieron una encuesta on-line sobre sus prácticas de distanciamiento social durante la pandemia y aspectos de su relación. La mayoría de los participantes no informaron deterioro en el comportamiento marital y el 68% no informó un deseo de separarse durante la pandemia. Sin embargo, las regresiones logísticas binarias mostraron que la razón de probabilidades (Odds Ratio) de informar la voluntad de separarse fue menor para las personas con una cohabitación más prolongada (OR = 0,998) y mayor cuando hubo una disminución en los comportamientos maritales positivos (OR = 1,8 - 3,13) y un aumento en el conflictos y peleas (OR = 6,12 - 6,43). Los indicadores de mayor confinamiento en el hogar durante la pandemia se asociaron con mayores posibilidades de informar un deseo de separarse. (AU)

Igualación entre Actividades Hechas por y Recibidas de la Pareja / Matching among Activities Done for and Received from the Spouse

Resumen En el presente estudio se investigó si la frecuencia de las actividades hechas por la pareja tiende a igualar la frecuencia de las actividades recibidas del cónyuge; conforme a la ley de igualación. Participaron 120 hombres y 120 mujeres divididos en seis bloques de cinco años de matrimonio cada uno. Se pidió a los participantes que, de una lista de 63 actividades divididas en 9 áreas de interacción marital, indicaran cuáles realizaban por y cuáles recibían de su pareja. Posteriormente, se estimó si la proporción de actividades que los miembros de la pareja reportaron que hacían por su pareja tendía a igualar la proporción de actividades que decían recibir de ella. Los participantes reportaron que la proporción de actividades que hacen por su pareja es similar a la proporción de actividades que reciben de ella. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la relación entre las actividades del matrimonio y los reforzadores que mantienen unida a una pareja puede explicarse cuantitativamente con la ley de igualación; esto es, en términos de la relación entre los patrones de conducta que los miembros de la pareja hacen por y reciben de su pareja.

Abstract In the present study, it was explored if the frequency of the activities done for the spouse tends to match the frequency of the activities received from the partner, according to the matching law. Participants were 120 men and 120 women divided into six blocks of five years of marriage each one; that is, from 1 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, 16 to 20, 21 to 25, and more than 26 years of marriage. They were asked to choose, from a list of 63 activities divided into 9 areas of marital interaction (household responsibilities, raising children, social activities, finance, communication, sexual interaction, occupational or academic progress, personal independence, and spouse independence), which activities they performed for their partner and which ones they received from them. Based on the importance scores reported in a previous study, the proportion of the reinforcing value of the 63 marital activities was calculated. Subsequently, it was estimated whether the proportion of activities done for the spouse tends to equate the proportion of activities received from the partner. It was found that the proportion of activities the participants do for their partners is similar to the proportion of activities they received from them. Linear regressions were calculated for each block of years of marriage with the proportion of activities done predicted by the proportion of activities received. With these regressions, the deviation of the matching between the proportions was estimated. Slopes greater than 1.0 would show that participants reported to do more activities than they reported to receive; slopes lower than 1.0 would show that participants did fewer activities than those received; and if the value is close to 0.5 it would indicate indifference; that is, participants would do the same number of activities, regardless of those received from their partner. It was found that for men the slope varied between 0.71 and 1.02, and for women the slope varied between 0.908 and 1.035. These findings suggest that the relationship between marital activities and the reinforcers that hold a couple together can be explained quantitatively by the matching law; this is, by the correlation between the activities done for and receive from the spouse.

Crenças sobre a violência conjugal: uma explicação a partir dos valores humanos / Beliefs about Conjugal Violence: An Explanation from Human Values

Objetivo. O presente trabalho objetivou conhecer a relação entre valores humanos e crenças sobre a violência conjugal. Método. Contou com uma amostra composta por 202 sujeitos da população geral da cidade de Parnaíba-PI, com uma média de idade de 28,52 anos (DP = 10,33). Estes responderam as seguintes escalas: Escala de Crenças sobre a Violência Conjugal (ECVC), Questionário de Valores Básicos (QVB-18) e um Questionário Sociodemográfico. O software SPSS (versão 22) auxiliou na execução das análises descritivas, correlação (r de Pearson), e regressão (Métodos Stepwise). Resultados. Os resultados apontaram que as subfunções Interativa, Suprapessoal, e Existência apresentam correlações significativas e inversas com todas as dimensões da ECVC; ou seja, ratificam a capacidade dos valores humanos de explicarem construtos sociais, como a violência conjugal.

Objective. The The present work aimed to discover the relationship between human values and beliefs about marital violence. Method. The sample was composed by 202 subjects from the general population of the city of Parnaíba-PI. The average age was 28.52 years (SD = 10.33). They were administered the following instruments: Belief on Marital Violence Scale (BMVS), Basic Values ​​Questionnaire (BVQ-18), and a Socio-demographic Questionnaire. The SPSS software (version 22) assisted in the execution of descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation (r), and regression (Stepwise Methods). Results. The results showed that the Interactive, Suprapersonal, and Existence subfunctions present significant and inverse correlations with all dimensions of BMVS; they ratify the ability of human values to explain social constructs such as marital violence.

MAN-WOMAN RELATIONSHIP IN “MISTRESS”

Anita Nair is a novelist, poet, travel writer, essayist, short story writer and writer of stories for children. Her novels enforce cross cultural endeavors. They enlighten experiences having transcendental and inexhaustible diversity of forms such as barriers of language, cultures and identities. She is popular female writer who depict the present condition of women in society. She uses wit and humour. She has an exceptional and quite beautiful art of storytelling. She dives deep into human psyche to lead the reader to a wonderful journey. Her novels contain a very nebulous world which absorbs readers to a great extent. Her novels have stories of colorful and unique characters. She weaves experiences from day-to-day life into her charming stories. He r third novel 'Mistress' deals with human relationships, man- woman relationship and analyses pre-marital, marital, extra-marital relationships and estrangement between husband and wife.