Evaluation of water-soluble dyes to mark internal structures of Lepidoptera via larval feeding

ABSTRACT Understanding aspects of insect ecology is a key component for the applicability of control methods or pest resistance management. For instance, the comprehension of insect dispersal is crucial to determining insect gene flow and the maximum distance between refuge areas in Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) crops. But, for such studies, insects need to be marked prior to release. Seeking to refine the technique of dispersion studies of the genetic material of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), this study aimed to determine the efficiency of water-soluble dyes for the internal marking of S. frugiperda immatures and adults via larval feeding, with emphasis on marking the spermatophore. Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, Ponceau, Coomassie, and Eosin-Nigrosin were added to the larval artificial diet at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm. Mortality and duration of the larval stage as well as the efficiency of marking internal structures of larvae and adults were evaluated. Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue increased the duration of the larval period, but the former caused higher mortality. The staining of the gut, hemolymph, and imaginal discs, in the larval phase, was observed for Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, and Coomassie dyes. However, none of the dyes were efficient for marking spermatophores. Thus, the addition of these water-soluble dyes to the larval diet of S. frugiperda can mark internal structures of the larva, but not the adult. Therefore, these dyes have limited application once they may be used only for marking larvae.

Bite Mark Analysis- A Crucial Forensic Evidence

Background: Bite mark analysis has a critical role in forensic cases. Bite marks have been recorded has played an important role in the criminal justice system. Aims: Based on the fact that no two mouths are alike, this review article draws a perfect association between dentistry and law. The present review describes the history of bite mark analysis along with its classification, characteristics, mechanism of production, collection of evidence from both the suspect and the victim, comparison techniques and technical aids. Materials and Methods: Data was collected and analyzed from the literature already published in books and electronic data- base searches of PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Forensic odontologists should be familiar with all methods of bitemark comparisons and appropriately use those methods that are indicated for the case at hand. Conclusion: Bite mark being a valuable alternative to fingerprinting and DNA identification, the analysis of bite mark evidence does have place in the courtroom aiding the legal system in answering crucial questions about potential suspects and victims.

Flanged intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with scleral pockets - A modification of flanged IOL technique (E-Flanged IOL) for secondary lens implantation

During pandemic, eye banks worldwide faced drastic reduction of corneal retrieval. Since precut tissues are uncommon in India, the onus is on corneal surgeons to maximize the donor corneal usage. The stumbling block making the stromal part unusable in the graft preparation of the Descemet membrane endothelial Keratoplasty is the stromal window creation to place the orientation mark on the stromal side of the folded graft. To overcome this, we simply marked directly on the folded Descemet graft, after partly stripping it from the donor cornea. Then, we unfolded, punched, and created two grafts after completely stripping it, retaining the Descemet part for the endothelial Keratoplasty and the stromal part for lamellar Keratoplasty. Initially, we used a special F marker, and later we marked an L using just a spatula. This simple technique needing no extra donor tissue or instrumentation maximizes the tissue utility with proper patient selection.

Resource maximization during COVID-19 crunch – A novel graft marking technique to use one cornea for two recipients for either Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty

During pandemic, eye banks worldwide faced drastic reduction of corneal retrieval. Since precut tissues are uncommon in India, the onus is on corneal surgeons to maximize the donor corneal usage. The stumbling block making the stromal part unusable in the graft preparation of the Descemet membrane endothelial Keratoplasty is the stromal window creation to place the orientation mark on the stromal side of the folded graft. To overcome this, we simply marked directly on the folded Descemet graft, after partly stripping it from the donor cornea. Then, we unfolded, punched, and created two grafts after completely stripping it, retaining the Descemet part for the endothelial Keratoplasty and the stromal part for lamellar Keratoplasty. Initially, we used a special F marker, and later we marked an L using just a spatula. This simple technique needing no extra donor tissue or instrumentation maximizes the tissue utility with proper patient selection.

Long non-coding RNA DLGAP1-AS1 promotes the progression of gastric cancer via miR-515-5p/MARK4 axis

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an essential regulator of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In the study, we explored the role of lncRNA DLGAP1-AS1 in gastric cancer (GC). qRT-PCR was carried out to detect DLGAP1-AS1 expression in GC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, and transwell experiments were employed to detect the malignant biological behaviors of GC cells with DLGAP1-AS1 knockdown or overexpression. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase report assay were used to confirm the binding relationship between DLGAP1-AS1 and miR-515-5p. MARK4 expression was detected by western blot after DLGAP1-AS1/miR-515-5p was selectively regulated. DLGAP1-AS1 was up-regulated in GC tissues and cell lines, and its high expression was closely associated with larger tumor size, higher TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, DLGAP1-AS1 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and miR-515-5p could reverse these effects. DLGAP1-AS1 participated in the regulation of the MARK4 signaling pathway by targeting miR-515-5p. DLGAP1-AS1 promoted GC progression through miR-515-5p/MARK4 signaling pathway.

E agora, quem somos nós a cada encontro?: dançando e dissentindo o cuidado desde dentro / What now, who are we at each meeting?: dancing and dissenting care from within / Y ahora, ¿quiénes somos en cada encuentro?: bailando y disentindo el cuidado desde el dentro

A proposta deste artigo é seguir a ação de dissentir-por-dentro (Maria Puig de la Bellacasa & Donna Haraway) como operadora em trabalhos que desenvolvemos com danças do ventre e massagens, criando modos de conhecer e intervir. Dissentir-por-dentro é parte da dinâmica do cuidado, compreendido aqui como uma rede vital de interdependência em que se incluem aspectos conflitantes e desarmoniosos. Em nossos trabalhos, marcas de experiências individuais e coletivas entram em cena nessa rede e solicitam de nós o encontro com dimensões que divergem, tensionam, desconfortam. Seguindo epistemologias feministas e o método do PesquisarCOM (Moraes), lançamos mão de duas figuras ficcionais que ajudam a operar na escrita a ação de dissentir, de modo localizado, corporificado e parcial. A noção do dentro é pensada como "de dentro das relações", com suas tensões e possibilidades. Dessa forma, o artigo corrobora com a ideia de que viver e morrer bem nesse mundo implica em dar prolongamento e sustentação à ação de dissentir-por-dentro.

The proposal of this article is following the action of dissenting-from-within (Maria Puig de la Bellacasa and Donna Haraway), as a clinical operator in works we developed with belly dancing and massages, coming up with methods of meeting and intervention. Dissenting-from-within is part of care dynamic, understood here as a vital interdependence mesh in which conflicting and disharmonious aspects are included. In our works, marks of individual and collective experiences come in and make us get in touch with dimensions that diverge, tension, discomfort. Following feminist epistemologies and the PesquisarCOM method (Moraes), we make use of two fictional figures that help execute on writing the action of dissenting, in a localized, embodied and partial way. The inside notion is thought as "within relationships", including its tensions and possibilities. Therefore, this article endorses the idea that living and dying well in this world means extending and sustaining the action of dissenting-from-within.

El propósito de este artículo es seguir la acción de disentir dentro (Maria Puig de la Bellacasa y Donna Haraway), como operadora clínica en los trabajos que desarrollamos con danzas y masajes del vientre, creando formas de conocer e intervenir. La disidencia desde dentro es parte de la dinámica de la atención, entendida aquí como una red vital de interdependencia en la que se incluyen aspectos conflictivos y poco armoniosos. En nuestro trabajo, marcas de experiencias individuales y colectivas entran en escena en esta red y nos piden que nos encontremos con dimensiones que divergen, tensión, incomodidad. Siguiendo las epistemologías feministas y el método PesquisaCOM (Moraes), hicimos uso de dos figuras ficticias que ayudan a operar por escrito la acción de la disidencia, de manera localizada, encarnada y parcial. La noción del interior se considera "desde dentro de las relaciones", con sus tensiones y posibilidades. Por lo tanto, el artículo corrobora la idea de que vivir y morir bien en este mundo implica prolongar y mantener la acción de disentir desde dentro.

The abundance of false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) in coastal waters of Golfo Dulce and Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica / Abundancia de la falsa orca, Pseudorca crassidens (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) en las aguas costeras del Golfo Dulce y la Península de Osa, Costa Rica

Introduction: False killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) is a tropical and subtropical social species that live in groups with individuals of mixed ages and sex classes. False killer whales have been documented since the late 1990s in Southwestern Costa Rica. Objective: To estimate the abundance of false killer whales in Osa Peninsula waters. Methods: Cetacean surveys off the Osa Peninsula Waters (OPW), Costa Rica, yielded opportunistic encounters with false killer whales in Drake Bay and Caño Island (2001-2019) and observations during formal surveys in Golfo Dulce (2005-2015). Photo-identification data was analyzed using capture-mark-recapture models in the study area, through an open population (POPAN) framework, considering the effect of time on the parameters apparent survival and capture probability, producing an abundance estimate for a superpopulation in the entire study area. Results: False killer whale abundance in OPW is characterized by a small population size of no more than 100 individuals, complemented by a very low probability of encounter and a contrasting high apparent survival. Conclusions: This population estimate should be taken as conservative, however, the small population size of less than 100 individuals should be considered vulnerable, in contrast to the increasing anthropogenic impacts in the coastal seascape. We argue the potential occurrence of population units along the coastal seascape of the Pacific littoral and oceanic island-associated units at Isla del Coco.

Introducción: La falsa orca es una especie gregaria tropical y subtropical, que vive en grupos con individuos de diferentes clases de edad y sexo. La falsa orca ha sido documentada en el sur-oeste de Costa Rica desde finales de los 90s. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de hábitat de la especie en términos de abundancia. Métodos: Observaciones en campo para cetáceos en aguas de la Península de Osa (APO), incluyen encuentros oportunísimos en Bahía de Drake y la Isla del Caño (2001-2019), así como observaciones directas de Pseudorca crassidens, durante muestreos formales en Golfo Dulce (2005-2015). Se analizaron datos sobre foto-identificación utilizando modelos de marcaje captura y recaptura, considerando un enfoque para población abierta (POPAN), el cual considera el efecto del tiempo en los parámetros demográficos: supervivencia aparente (ф) y probabilidad de captura (P), produciendo un estimado de abundancia que comprende toda la superpoblación en el área de estudio. Resultados: La abundancia de la falsa orca en APO se caracteriza por un tamaño poblacional pequeño, de menos de 100 individuos, que se complementa por una muy baja probabilidad de captura, en contraste con una supervivencia aparente alta. Conclusión: Este estimado debe tratarse como conservativo, no obstante, el pequeño número poblacional, de menos de 100 individuos debe considerarse como vulnerable, en contraste con el incremento del impacto antropogénico del paisaje marino costero. Se discute la posible presencia de unidades poblacionales en el paisaje costero del litoral Pacífico y de unidades oceánicas asociadas a la Isla del Coco.

PCC0208017, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of MARK3/MARK4, suppresses glioma progression and

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms among all brain malignancies, and the microtubule affinity regulating kinases (MARKs) have become potential drug targets for glioma. Here, we report a novel dual small-molecule inhibitor of MARK3 and MARK4, designated as PCC0208017. PCC0208017 strongly inhibited kinase activity against MARK3 and MARK4, and strongly reduced proliferation in three glioma cell lines. This compound attenuated glioma cell migration, glioma cell invasion, and angiogenesis. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that PCC0208017 decreased the phosphorylation of Tau, disrupted microtubule dynamics, and induced a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In an glioma model, PCC0208017 showed robust anti-tumor activity, blood-brain barrier permeability, and a good oral pharmacokinetic profile. Molecular docking studies showed that PCC0208017 exhibited high binding affinity to MARK3 and MARK4. Taken together, our study describes for the first time that PCC0208017, a novel MARK3/MARK4 inhibitor, might be a promising lead compound for treatment of glioma.

Application Status and Prospect of Bite Mark Evidence in Forensic Odontology / 法医学杂志

Bite marks are increasingly common in violent cases such as child abuse and sex crimes. Bite marks are often the result of a suspect's attack or a victim's self-defense. Because human teeth vary in size, shape and arrangement, bite marks on objects such as skin and food are characteristic. By using this principle, forensic odontology can identify or exclude suspects by comparing actual bite marks with the teeth marks in the mouth. In this paper, the practical application of bite mark evidence, the research status and problems of bite mark analysis are briefly reviewed, and the prospect of bite mark analysis is also discussed.

Measles-rubella vaccination campaign: Evaluation of coverage in rural area of Central India

Background: Measles-rubella (MR) vaccination campaign was launched in India in a phasic manner. Maharashtra has launched this in November 2018. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the coverage of MR vaccine in children aged 9–15 years in a rural area of Mohgaon village. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the households of the rural village of Mohgaon, with 250 families and 390 eligible children in the age group of 9 months–15 years. Data were collected by the house-to-house visit. Results: Vaccination coverage was found to be 96.41%. Most of the children were in the age group of 6–15 years (74.46%) with no gender bias. Among vaccinated children, 56.25% and 94.27% had thumb mark and vaccination cards, respectively. Less than 5% of the children had minor side effects. Conclusion: Vaccination coverage in a rural area was found to be 96.41%, which is similar to the coverage found other states in an earlier phase.

Exploring bite marks on different types of skin tones / Explorando as marcas de mordida em diferentes tipos de tons de pele

The analysis of bite marks is a challenging and convoluted part of Forensic Odontology. Various interrelated factors such as location of the bite and skin elasticity complicate the bite mark analysis. The relationship between the bite mark and the biochemical properties of skin has been well-documented but there is need to consider the variety of skin tones as a factor to explore. The aim of this pilot study was to analyse the appearance of bite marks on 5 different types of skin tones of 15 subjects (6 males and 9 females) from 11 nationalities and age ranged from 21 to 46 years. A pair of 3D printed dental cast was transferred onto a mechanical apparatus for production of experimental bitemarks by using 12.5 kg of weight. Common imaging modalities including conventional, infrared and ultraviolet light were used to record the bite mark images for following visual assessment. The different skin tones were categorized using Fitzpatrick scale (1975) and a colour chart was used to compare the changes on skin after 15 minutes of bite registration. According to the results, the force was well tolerated by the subjects producing a well-defined bite mark, although males showed a less prominent mark than females irrespective of the skin tone and nationality. Neither bruises nor significant changes in the colour of bite mark could be appreciated among the subjects. The different types of skin tones did not affect the registration of bite mark applying a force of 122.5.N for 15 seconds in this sample

A análise das marcas de mordida é a parte mais desafiadora e complicada da Odontologia Forense. Vários fatores inter-relacionados, como a localização da mordida e a elasticidade da pele, complicam a análise da marca de mordida. A relação entre a marca de mordida e as propriedades bioquímicas da pele tem sido bem documentada, mas é preciso considerar a variedade de tons de pele como um fator a ser explorado. O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi analisar o aparecimento de marcas de mordida em 5 tipos diferentes de tons de pele de 15 indivíduos (6 homens e 9 mulheres) de 11 nacionalidades e idades entre 21 a 46 anos. Um par de modelos dentários impressos em 3D foi transferido para um aparelho mecânico para a produção de marcas de mordida experimentais usando 12,5 kg de peso. Modalidades de imagem digital como convencional, infravermelha e ultravioleta foram usadas para registrar as imagens da marca de mordida para posterior avaliação visual. Os diferentes tons de pele foram categorizados usando a escala de Fitzpatrick e uma cartela de cores foi usada para comparar as alterações na pele após 15 minutos de registro da mordida. De acordo com os resultados a força foi bem tolerada pelos sujeitos, produzindo uma marca de mordida bem definida, embora os homens mostraram uma marca menos proeminente do que as mulheres, independentemente do tom da pele e da nacionalidade. Nenhum hematoma ou mudanças significativas nas cores das marcas de mordida foram encontrados entre os indivíduos. Os diferentes tipos de tons de pele não afetaram o registro da marca de mordida aplicando uma força de 122,5 N por 15 segundos nesta amostra.

Memantine Improves Cognitive Function and Alters Hippocampal and Cortical Proteome in Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Memantine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist clinically approved for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) to improve cognitive functions. There is no report about the proteomic alterations induced by memantine in AD mouse model yet. In this study, we investigated the protein profiles in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex of AD-related transgenic mouse model (3×Tg-AD) treated with memantine. Mice (8-month) were treated with memantine (5 mg/kg/bid) for 4 months followed by behavioral and molecular evaluation. Using step-down passive avoidance (SDA) test, novel object recognition (NOR) test and Morris water maze (MWM) test, it was observed that memantine significantly improved learning and memory retention in 3xTg-AD mice. By using quantitative proteomic analysis, 3301 and 3140 proteins in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex respectively were identified to be associated with AD abnormalities. In the hippocampus, memantine significantly altered the expression levels of 233 proteins, among which PCNT, ATAXIN2, TNIK, and NOL3 were up-regulated, and FLNA, MARK 2 and BRAF were down-regulated. In the cerebral cortex, memantine significantly altered the expression levels of 342 proteins, among which PCNT, PMPCB, CRK, and MBP were up-regulated, and DNM2, BRAF, TAGLN 2 and FRY1 were down-regulated. Further analysis with bioinformatics showed that memantine modulated biological pathways associated with cytoskeleton and ErbB signaling in the hippocampus, and modulated biological pathways associated with axon guidance, ribosome, cytoskeleton, calcium and MAPK signaling in the cerebral cortex. Our data indicate that memantine induces higher levels of proteomic alterations in the cerebral cortex than in the hippocampus, suggesting memantine affects various brain regions in different manners. Our study provides a novel view on the complexity of protein responses induced by memantine in the brain of AD.

Analysis of 4 Cases of Electrocution due to Direct Current Electronic Hunter / 法医学杂志

Objective To summarize the characteristics of cases of electrocution due to direct current （DC） electronic hunter, and to provide references for forensic identification. Methods Four cases of electrocution due to DC electronic hunter were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out from the perspective of the scene and electric marks distribution, damage characteristics and histopathological changes. Results All the 4 cases of electrocution were accidental events. There were multiple electric marks, most of which were located in the lower limbs with serious damage. Some strip type electric marks were visible. Conclusion The distribution, morphological characteristics and severity of the electric marks caused by DC electronic hunter are different from those of the ordinary low-voltage alternating current damage. It is alerting that there would be actions of destroying the scene and abandoning the corpse in such cases.

Correlation between bizygomatic and maxillary central incisor width for gender identification / Correlação entre a distância bizigomática e a espessura de incisivo central maxilar para identificação de gênero

Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze and evaluate the applicability of bizygomatic and maxillary central incisor width in identifying the sex of an individual for anthropological studies. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 individuals in a private dental institution. The width of the central incisor was measured by requesting the subject to bite onto a sheet of modelling wax. The bizygomatic width was calculated with the help of a divider by taking the most prominent area of the zygomatic arch as the reference point bilaterally. Berry's formula was used to calculate the width of the maxillary central incisor from the bizygomatic width. Berry's Formula "Width of the maxillary central incisor = Bizygomatic width / 16." The data obtained was tabulated and analyzed statistically. Results: The results in our study indicated that the widths of both maxillary central incisors and the bizygomatic width were found to be higher in males when compared to females with a positive strong correlation. Conclusion: The Berry's index can be used for identifying the gender and can also be used for facial reconstruction. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar e avaliar a aplicabilidade da distância bizigomática e espessura de incisivos centrais maxilares na identificação do sexo de um indivíduo para estudos antropológicos. Material e métodos: O estudo foi conduzido com 100 indivíduos de uma instituição odontológica privada. A espessura do incisivo central foi medida pedindo ao sujeito que mordesse em uma folha de cera. A espessura bizigomática foi calculada com o auxílio de uma régua pegando a área mais proeminente do arco zigomático como ponto de referência bilateralmente. A fórmula de Berry foi usada para calcular a espessura do incisivo central maxilar da espessura zigomática. Fórmula de Berry: "Espessura do incisivo central maxial = Espessura bizigomática / 16". Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Os resultados em nosso estudo indicaram que as espessuras de ambos os incisivos centrais maxilares como as espessuras bizigomáticas foram maiores no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino, com uma correlação positiva forte. Conclusão: O índice de Berry pode ser usado para identificação de gênero e também pode ser usado para reconstrução facial. (AU)

Effect of Qiangjing Tablets on the MAPK signaling pathway in SD rats with asthenospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the effects of Qiangjing Tablets (QJT) on sperm quality and the MAPK signaling pathway in the SD rat model of asthenospermia (AS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, blank control, AS model control, high-dose QJT, medium-dose QJT, and low-dose QJT. All the rats were intragastrically administered ORN at 200 mg/kg/d for establishment of the AS model except those in the blank control group, which were given 1% CMC sodium solution at 1 ml/100 g by gavage. Meanwhile the animals of the high-, medium-, and low-dose QJT groups were gavaged with QJT at 6700, 3300 and 1700 mg/kg/d, respectively, qd 6 days a week for 20 days. Then the testis issue and the apoptosis of the testicular cells were observed under the electron microscope, the expression of vimentin in the testis was determined with the immunohistochemical SP method, that of ERK1/2 detected by Western blot, and the concentration of TGF-β1 in the semen measured by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The AS model controls showed round nuclei of spermatocytes, homogeneously distributed chromatins, broken or lost mitochondria, and expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum in the testis tissue. In comparison, the rats of the high-, medium-, and low-dose QJT groups exhibited round nuclei of spermatocytes, homogeneously distributed chromatins, and well-structured mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome, which were all similar those of the blank controls. Compared with the blank controls, the AS model rats manifested significantly increased expressions of ERK1/2 (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 1.26 ± 0.10, P<0.01) and vimentin (0.16 ± 0.01 vs 0.17 ± 0.01, P<0.01) and apoptosis rate of cells in the testis tissue (［9.20 ± 3.07］ vs ［42.20 ± 9.17］ %, P<0.01), but decreased level of TGF-β1 in the semen (［627.67 ± 26.07］ vs ［566.73 ± 68.44］ ng/ml, P<0.05). In comparison with the model controls, the rats of the high- and medium- -dose QJT groups presented remarkably down-regulated expressions of ERK1/2 (1.26 ± 0.10 vs 1.14 ± 0.08, P<0.01; 1.26 ± 0.10 vs 1.18 ± 0.05, P<0.05) and vimentin (0.17 ± 0.01 vs 0.16 ± 0.01, P<0.01; 0.17 ± 0.01 vs 0.17 ± 0.09, P<0.05) and decreased rate of cell apoptosis (［42.20 ± 9.17］ vs ［21.60 ± 5.94］ %, P<0.01; ［42.20 ± 9.17］ vs ［33.95 ± 6.39］ %, P<0.05). The concentration of TGF-β1 in the semen was markedly lower in the high-dose QJT than in the AS model control group (［621.78 ± 30.80］ vs ［566.73 ± 68.44］ ng/ml, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Qiangjing Tablets could improve semen quality in asthenospermia rats by acting against oxidative stress.</p>

Effect of different hydrofluoric acid etching methods on the surface and adhesion strength of two ceramic inlays / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#o study the effect of cleaning treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF) on the surface and bonding strength of IPS e.max and Vita Mark II ceramic inlays. @*Methods@#Fifty pieces of IPS e.max and Vita Mark II ceramic inlay specimens were made separately using CAD/CAM. After uniformly bonding surfaces using 9% HF etching, they were randomly divided into an untreated control group (group A) and the following experimental groups: neutralizing powder (B group), 37% phosphoric acid (group C), ultrasonic cleaning (group D) and neutralizing powder + 37% phosphoric acid + ultrasonic cleaning (group E). Each set of 8 specimens was bonded to Variolink N resin adhesive under standard conditions. The shear adhesive strength was measured after exposure to a constant-temperature water bath at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The location of the fracture and the type of adhesion failure were recorded. The shear adhesion and the average strength of the connection were analyzed. The remaining 2 specimens were used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface morphology, including the crystal structure, pore pattern, and residue.@*Results @# The results were similar for the IPS e.max and Vita Mark II inlays. The maximum bond strength was observed in the IPS e.max ceramic inlays in group E, with an average bond strength 11.96 MPa higher than that in group A. Among the Vita Mark II porcelain inlays, the maximum bond strength was observed in group E. The average bond strength was 9.74 MPa higher than that in group A. The results of the statistical analysis were similar for the IPS e.max and Vita Mark II porcelain inlays, with significant differences in the bond strengths between groups C, D, and E and the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the adhesive strength between groups B and A. At the same time, there was no significant difference in the bond strength between the treatment groups B, C, D, and E (P > 0.05). SEM revealed that the pores on the surface of ceramics subjected to the acid etching treatment were broadened and uniform, with less residue than observed in the control group. The effects of treatments D and E were the best. @*Conclusion@#The HF etching treatment can enhance the bonding strength of IPS e.max and Vita Mark Ⅱ ceramic inlays while leaving little residue, and the joint strength is highest when the joints are treated together.

Protective effects of piceatannol on retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma rats / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the protective effects of piceatannol on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats with glaucoma.Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,model group,low dose piceatannol treatment group and high dose piceatannol treatment group.Photocoagulation method was used to establish the experimental glaucoma model in rats,and then rats were given 100 mg· kg-1 or 200 mg · kg-1 of piceatannol by gavage.The intraocular pressure was measured before and after the model was established.Rat retinal ganglion cells were labeled and counted using FG staining.Retinal tissue pathological morphology was observed by HE staining.The protein expression of p-JNK,p-c-Jun,p-ERK,p-p38 MAPK and TNF-α were measured by western blot.Results Compared with control group,the intraocular pressure,the protein expressions of p-JNK,p-c-Jun p-ERK,p-p38 MAPK and TNF-α were significantly increased in model group (all P ＜ 0.05).However,the number of RGCs were lower in model group(P ＜0.05).Furthermore,there were cavitation and edema changes in retinal tissue of model group.Compared with model group,piceatannol treatment markediy increased the number of RGCs(P =0.003,0.002),improved the pathological morphology of retinal tissue,and reduced the protein expressions of p-JNK,p-c-Jun p-ERK,p-p38 MAPK and TNF-α (all P ＜ 0.05),especially for the high concentration.Conclusion Piceatannol can protect against RGCs injury in glaucoma rats,and the mechanism may be associated with inhibition of MARK signaling pathway.

Capture-mark-recapture analysis on the under-registration rate of mortality surveillance program in Jinan / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the under-registration rate related to mortality surveillance program in Jinan city,from 2013 to 2014,using the capture-mark-recapture method.Methods Under the stratified cluster random sampling method,samples were stratified,according to urban and rural areas.Two districts and three counties were chosen,with three towns/streets in each county/district and eight villages/communities in each township/street,randomly selected.With the participation of departments as civil affairs,public security,maternal/child institutions and community committees as well as individuals as village doctors and community leaders,a list of deaths from January 1,2013 to December 31,2014 was collected and compared to the National Mortality Surveillance System on the rates related to under-registration.Results A total of 2 903 records on deaths were collected from 2013 to 2014,while 3 113 deaths were reported in the surveillance system of the same period.3 772 (95％ CI:3 741-3 802) deaths were estimated by the capture-mark-recapture method.The two-year total under-registration rate was 17.46％.The under-registration rates in 2013 and 2014 appeared as 19.29％ and 15.57％ (x2 =8.92,P＜0.01),respectively,with the rates in urban and rural areas as 20.91％ and 11.93％ (x2 =47.35,P＜0.01).The rates on male and female were 17.87％ and 16.98％ (x2 =0.48,P＞0.05).The rates of ＜5 years old group and ≥5 years old group were 21.57％ and 17.45％ (x2 =0.03,P＞0.05) respectively.Conclusions Under-registration in the mortality surveillance was noticed in Jinan.The capture-mark-recapture method seemed useful for evaluating the under-registration rate in the mortality surveillance program.It is suggested that the survey on under-registration rate should be carried out on the regular base.The under-registration rate seemed useful in adjusting the mortality rate.

Capture-mark-recapture analysis on the under-registration rate of mortality surveillance program in Jinan / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the under-registration rate related to mortality surveillance program in Jinan city,from 2013 to 2014,using the capture-mark-recapture method.Methods Under the stratified cluster random sampling method,samples were stratified,according to urban and rural areas.Two districts and three counties were chosen,with three towns/streets in each county/district and eight villages/communities in each township/street,randomly selected.With the participation of departments as civil affairs,public security,maternal/child institutions and community committees as well as individuals as village doctors and community leaders,a list of deaths from January 1,2013 to December 31,2014 was collected and compared to the National Mortality Surveillance System on the rates related to under-registration.Results A total of 2 903 records on deaths were collected from 2013 to 2014,while 3 113 deaths were reported in the surveillance system of the same period.3 772 (95％ CI:3 741-3 802) deaths were estimated by the capture-mark-recapture method.The two-year total under-registration rate was 17.46％.The under-registration rates in 2013 and 2014 appeared as 19.29％ and 15.57％ (x2 =8.92,P＜0.01),respectively,with the rates in urban and rural areas as 20.91％ and 11.93％ (x2 =47.35,P＜0.01).The rates on male and female were 17.87％ and 16.98％ (x2 =0.48,P＞0.05).The rates of ＜5 years old group and ≥5 years old group were 21.57％ and 17.45％ (x2 =0.03,P＞0.05) respectively.Conclusions Under-registration in the mortality surveillance was noticed in Jinan.The capture-mark-recapture method seemed useful for evaluating the under-registration rate in the mortality surveillance program.It is suggested that the survey on under-registration rate should be carried out on the regular base.The under-registration rate seemed useful in adjusting the mortality rate.

Revealing Weapon Impacts on Clothes Using Reaction Reagents for Amino Acids / 대한법의학회지

If we analogize any external physical force applied to victims of crimes involving violence, it would be possible to not only presume the mutual action between victims and suspects but also deduce more facts related to the cases. Therefore, in this study, defining the phenomenon of amino acid compounds in sweat spreading into clothes as impact marks, experiments using ninhydrin, 1,8-dizafluoren-9-one (DFO), 1,2-indanedione-zinc (1,2-IND-Zn) were conducted to determine developmental variations through change over time, which was not performed in previous studies. A 5-week period was set up including first damage as a variation factor, and materials in each action were developed using certain reagents. The level of specimen development depending on the change over time was identified. Thus, no changes were observed at each initial level of development.