Reasons and enlightenment of the formation of high drug prices in the United States / 中华医院管理杂志

Optimizing the drug price management mechanism and improving the availability and affordability of drugs are important in deepening the medical and health reform. The price of drugs in the United States has always been higher than the world average. The price of drugs, the total expenditure on drugs and the personal burden of patients have shown an increasing trend. By exploring the causes of high drug prices in the United States, the author found that there were four main reasons for the current situation of drug prices in the United States, including the interests of enterprises, the limited competition mechanism of the US drug market, relatively insufficient market bargaining power of the US payers, and opaque mechanism of price formation.Firstly, pharmaceutical companies try to achieve their interests by raising drug prices. Secondly, the price formation mechanism of the United States drug market is affected by the price strategy of pharmaceutical companies, and government policies also indirectly affect the role of the market. Thirdly, the payers in the United States are relatively scattered, so that the market bargaining power is relatively insufficient.Fourthly, due to the numerous drug circulation links and stakeholders, the drug price formation mechanism is opaque and lacks supervision. Therefore, when strengthening drug price management in China, we should build a coordination mechanism between the government and the market on the basis of the existing basic economic system and drug management mechanism, establish the strategic purchase and negotiation position of medical insurance for drugs, enhance the transparency of drug circulation and trading, and establish a scientific pricing system. It is also important to promote drug innovation and ensure drug quality.

¿Cuál es el impacto de introducir competencia en el mercado farmacéutico sobre el precio de los medicamentos?: síntesis rápida de evidencia / What is the impact of introducing competition in the pharmaceutical market on drug prices?: rapid evidence synthesis

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO La decisión de suscribir el acuerdo internacional Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) promovido por EEUU, involucra el trabajo conjunto de diversos sectores del Estado. En ese sentido, este acuerdo tendría ciertas implicancias para el sector salud y, específicamente, para el mercado de fármacos en Chile. El TPP traería consigo cambios en la protección de información no divulgada, nuevos indicaciones clínicas y usos descubiertos, lo que impactaría fuertemente en el mercado de productos de síntesis biológica. En este contexto, el Departamento de Políticas Farmacéuticas solicita esta síntesis de evidencia con el objetivo de conocer si la introducción de competencia en el mercado de medicamentos generaría una reducción en el precio que los usuarios pagarían por estos productos. METODOLOGÍA Se formuló una estrategia de búsqueda para ser utilizada en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library, PDQ y Health System Evidence el objetivo de identificar revisiones sistemáticas del tema. Al no encontrar, se seleccionaron estudios primarios realizados en los últimos 5 años que abordaran la pregunta definida. No se incluyeron artículos que no abordaran directamente la intervención definida, tales como intervenciones para regular precios (precio de referencia, precio mínimo, reembolso máximo), drogas falsas, estudios que no incluyeran el precio o el gasto como resultado. RESULTADOS El resumen no utiliza revisiones sistemáticas -Los estudios considerados en esta síntesis rápida muestran que el ingreso de competencia al mercado de medicamentos reduce el precio promedio de venta. -El efecto se debe a la entrada de nuevos productos, el aumento de la participación de mercado de los competidores (en ventas) y el número de competidores en un mercado particular. -Dada su naturaleza más compleja, los medicamentos biosimilares necesitan establecer mecanismos costosos de bioequivalencia, lo que constituiría barreras de ingreso al mercado. -Producto de una escasa competencia en el mercado, se podrían generar pseudogenéricos, los cuales generarían un efecto paradójico (alza en los precios), al capturar gran participación de mercado o realizar altas inversiones en publicidad.

Medical voucher system in Hong Kong and Macao and its implications to mainland China / 中国卫生政策研究

It is important and difficult to establish the market competition mechanism in the health care re-form. Medical voucher system in Hong Kong and Macao can provide policy guidelines for Mainland China to promote institutional innovation, force public hospital reform and the rational allocation of medical and health resources. This paper introduced the origin and development of medical voucher system. Based on the description of the implementa-tion background, similarities and differences and effects of medical voucher system in Hong Kong and Macao, the pa-per found that medical voucher system could help encourage the demander to make more frequent use of medical serv-ices, improve their consciousness of prevention and health care and promote family doctor system. Through analyzing the applicability of medical voucher system in mainland China, the paper pointed out it was consistent with the reform orientation and could be served as a useful supplement to the health care system to improve medical insurance, medi-cal assisstance system as well as an effective measure to develop private medical institutions.

On the Management of Circulation of Commodities in Chinese Pharmaceutical Retail Chain Enterprises / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide the concept of management of circulation of commodities for Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises METHODS:According to the concept of management of circulation of commodities,to analyze its application in Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises RESULTS &CONCLUSION:Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises should search a mode of management of circulation of commodities which is appropriate for self-development to promote market competition ability

Brand Strategy of Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the choice and the route for the realization of brand strategy feasible to Chinese pharmaceutical industry(CPI)in the current and future competition environment.METHODS:Reasons for the lack of influential brands were analyzed based on the current practical situation of CPI,then some countermeasures were put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Knowing the importance of brands and strengthening brands construction are the key issues for CPI to consider in the market competition,however,establishing national or even international brands is the long-term target of the future development of CPI.

Discussion on the adaptation of special medical service to medical market competition / 中华医院管理杂志

The author attempts to discuss the laws of special medical service market from the perspective of the combination of theory and practice, makes an in-depth analysis of the seven features of special medical service, and puts forward four strategies for responding to competition on special medical service market. Using the success of the hospital he works with as an example, the author proves the feasibility of implementing the competitive strategies and hopes to share their experience with people working in the same field.