RESUMO
This study investigated relationships between maternal beliefs and responses to children's negative emo-tions. Thirty-three mothers with children aged between 6 and 7 years completed the Parents' Beliefs about Children's Emotions Questionnaire and the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale. The analyses revealed that beliefs in the cost of positivity concerning the potential harm of positive emotions explained 18% of the variance in non-supportive reactions to children's expressions of negative emotions. Beliefs in the value of anger, regarding the recognition of its importance, explained 9% of the variance in supportive reactions to children's emotional expressions. Maternal cognitions regarding the value of pos-itive and negative emotions help explain the mothers' behaviors toward children's emotional expressions. Therefore, encouraging parents to understand the role of emotions in child development is essential to promote effective parenting practices.
Este estudo investigou relações entre crenças e reações maternas às emoções negativas dos filhos. Trinta e três mães com crianças entre 6 e 7 anos de idade preencheram o Questionário de Crenças Parentais sobre as Emoções das Crianças e a Escala de Reações Parentais às Emoções Negativas dos Filhos. As análises mostraram que as crenças no custo da positividade, referentes ao potencial prejuízo que emoções positivas podem causar, explicaram 18% da variância nas reações não apoiadoras da expressão de emoções negati-vas dos filhos. As crenças no valor da raiva, relacionadas ao reconhecimento da importância dessa emoção, explicaram 9% da variância nas reações que apoiam a manifestação emocional infantil. As cognições maternas acerca do valor de emoções positivas e negativas ajudam a explicar o comportamento materno diante da expressão emocional dos filhos. Incentivar nos pais a compreensão das funções das emoções no desenvolvimento infantil é crucial para promover práticas parentais eficazes.
Este estudio investigó las relaciones entre creencias y reacciones maternas a las emociones negativas de los niños. Treinta y tres madres con hijos de 6-7 años respondieron el Cuestionario de Creencias sobre las Emociones de los Niños y la Escala de Reacciones Parentales a las Emociones Negativas de los Hijos. Los análisis mostraron que las creencias sobre el costo de la positividad, que se refieren al daño potencial que pueden causar las emociones positivas, explicaron el 18% de la varianza en las reacciones que no apoyan la expresión de emociones negativas de los niños. Las creencias sobre el valor de la ira, relacionadas al reconocimiento de la importancia de esta emoción, explicaron el 9% de la varianza en las reacciones que apoyan la expresión emocional de los niños. Las cogniciones maternas sobre el valor de las emociones positivas y negativas ayudan a explicar la conducta de las madres hacia la expresión emocional de los ni-ños. Estimular los padres a comprender el papel de las emociones en el desarrollo infantil es fundamental para promover prácticas parentales eficaces.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Valorar si las prácticas maternas en alimentación complementaria en lactantes de 4-8 meses de edad, son adecuadas en zonas prevalentes de anemia del norte de Perú. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, en 206 madres de lactantes de 4-8 meses de edad en zonas de alta prevalencia de anemia del Distrito de Mórrope durante el 2018, mediante muestreo polietápico estratificado con la técnica de la entrevista, con cuestionario validado por expertos. Se usaron los programas Office Excel 2013 y SPSS v. 23, se utilizó la prueba Ji-cuadrado, con p( 0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Tenían entre 18 a 35 años de edad 90,7 % de las madres; 49,5 % instrucción primaria; 86,9 % amas de casa y 62,1% convivientes. Eran lactantes de 6 a 8 meses de edad 93,2 % Las madres de menores de 6 meses ofrecieron en mayor frecuencia papilla (75,6 %) y a partir de los 6 meses principalmente puré (59,4 %), alimentos ricos en hierro, como hígado y lentejas y como inhibidores de hierro infusiones como anís y manzanilla. La continuidad de la lactancia solo con leche materna fue 68,2 % en menores de 6 meses y 63,0 % a partir de los 6 meses. Conclusiones: Las prácticas maternas en alimentación complementaria en lactantes de 4-8 meses de edad en zonas prevalentes de anemia, Mórrope 2018, no son adecuadas. Las madres a partir de los 6 meses de edad introducen mayormente infusiones como anís y manzanilla que constituyen inhibidores de la absorción de hierro, lo que puede repercutir en la prevalencia de la anemia.
ABSTRACT Objective: Assess whether maternal practices in complementary feeding of infants aged 4-8 months are adequate in anemia´s prevalent areas in northern Peru. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 206 mothers of infants aged 4-8 months in areas of high prevalence of anemia in the Mórrope District during 2018, using stratified polystage sampling with the interview technique, and with a questionnaire validated by experts. The Office Excel 2013 and SPSS v. 23 programs were used; also the Ji-square test was used, with p( 0.05 as significant. Results: 90.7% of the mothers were between 18 and 35 years old; 49.5% had primary education; 86.9% were housewives and 62.1% co-inhabitants. Mothers of children under 6 months of age gave more frequently porridge (75.6%) and from 6 months mainly puree (59.4%), foods rich in iron, more often liver and lentils and as iron inhibitors infusions such as anise and chamomile. The continuity of breastfeeding only with breast milk was of 68.2% in children under 6 months and 63.0% from 6 months. Conclusions: Maternal practices in complementary feeding in infants 4-8 months of age in anemia´s prevalent areas of (Mórrope 2018) are not adequate. Mothers mostly introduce from 6 months of age infusions such as anise and chamomile that are inhibitors of iron absorption, which can have an impact on the prevalence of anemia.
RESUMO
Background: The report of the Population Reference Bureau (2011) which stated that 76 out of every 1,000 infants die every year due to preventable causes like malaria, diarrhea and vaccine preventable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is worrisome. Whereas, in advanced countries, infant mortality rate has dropped significantly to only five out of every 1,000 live birth. This is what has prompted this study -to determine the predictors of under-five mortality in a suburban area in Jos Plateau State Nigeria. Methods: The study was a community based cross-sectional survey in which households were selected by systematic sampling method from a randomly selected suburban community in Jos, Nigeria Results: The percentage prevalence of reported under-five mortality was found to be 10.8% with the cause of death being reported as malaria (48.4%), diarrhea (38.7%), pneumonia (9.7%) and unknown causes (3.2%), the positive predictors with significant under-five mortality were; high parity with odds of 3.3 times and p value of 0.001 in those with parity of 4-6 and about 16 times mortality with a p value of < 0.000 in those with parity greater than 6. Those who were not exclusively breastfed had 5.3 times the likelihood of mortality with a p value of 0.001 and mortality was 4 times higher in partially immunized children( p=0.027) and almost 12 times in those who were not immunized at all (p< 0.000) Conclusion: Percentage prevalence of reported under-five mortality was found to be higher among those with higher parity, lack of exclusive breastfeeding and poor immunization status in this study.