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ABSTRACT Objective To assess the effects of enfuvirtide on pregnancy in albino rats and their fetuses. Methods Forty pregnant EPM 1 Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control (E) (distilled water twice/day), G1 (4mg/kg/day enfuvirtide), G2 (12mg/kg/day enfuvirtide), and G3 (36mg/kg/day enfuvirtide) groups. On the 20th day of gestation, the rats were anesthetized and subjected to cesarean section. Their blood was collected for laboratory analysis, and they were sacrificed. The offspring's fragments of their kidneys, liver, and placentas and the maternal rats' fragments of their lungs, kidneys, and liver were separated in the immediate postpartum period for light microscopy analysis. Results No maternal deaths occurred. In the second week at the end of pregnancy, the mean weight of the G3 Group was significantly lower than that of the G2 Group (p=0.029 and p=0.028, respectively). Analyzing blood laboratory parameters, the G1 Group had the lowest mean amylase level, and the G2 Group had the lowest mean hemoglobin level and the highest mean platelet count. In the morphological analysis, there were no changes in organs, such as the kidneys and liver, in both the maternal rats and offspring. Three maternal rats in the G3 Group had pulmonary inflammation in the lungs. Conclusion Enfuvirtide has no significant adverse effects on pregnancy, conceptual products, or functional alterations in maternal rats.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an increased risk of maternal-fetal complications. Regarding treatment, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has advantages compared to multiple daily injections (MDI), but data about the best option during pregnancy are limited. This study's aim was to compare maternal-fetal outcomes among T1D patients treated with CSII or MDI during pregnancy. Subjects and methods: This study evaluated 174 pregnancies of T1D patients. Variables of interest were compared between the groups (CSII versus MDI), and logistic regression analysis was performed (p < 0.05). Results: Of the 174 included pregnancies, CSII was used in 21.3% (37) and MDI were used in 78.7% (137). HbA1c values improved throughout gestation in both groups, with no difference in the first and third trimesters. The frequency of cesarean section was significantly higher in the CSII group [94.1 vs. 75.4%, p = 0.017], but there was no significant difference in the frequency of other complications, such as miscarriage, premature delivery and preeclampsia. The mean birth weight and occurrence of neonatal complications were also similar, except for the proportion of congenital malformations, which was significantly lower in the CSII group [2.9 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.048]. In regression analysis, the association of CSII with cesarean section and malformations lost significance after adjusting for HbA1c and other covariates of interest. Conclusion: In this study, we observed a higher frequency of cesarean section and a lower occurrence of congenital malformations in the CSII group, but the adjusted results might indicate that these associations are influenced by glycemic control.
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Background: The upward trend of caesarean section and its associated morbidity/mortality especially in low- and middle-income areas make regular appraisal of the procedure necessary. Objective: To evaluate caesarean section; its rate, indications, and maternal and fetal outcomes in Asaba. Methods: A retrospective study of all caesarean sections carried out at the obstetrics unit of the Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, between July 1, 2018, and June 31, 2020. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: There were 2778 deliveries during the period, out of which 705 had caesarean sections, giving an overall caesarean section rate of 25.4%. There were 456 (64.7%) emergency caesarean sections. The commonest indication for caesarean section was repeat caesarean section 196 (27.8%), while cephalo-pelvic disproportion 87 (12.3%) was the commonest indication for emergency caesarean section. Majority of the babies had low APGAR score at 1min and 5mins, 126 (27.6%) and 50 (11.0%) from emergency than elective caesarean section 16 (6.4%) and 5 (2.0%) at 1min and 5mins respectively (x2=17.963, P<0.001). There were 31 (4.2%) perinatal deaths out of which majority 28 (6.1%) were from emergency caesarean sections (x2=9.412 P=0.002). The commonest post-operative complication was postpartum anemia (140 (19.9%) while caesarean section case fatality was 0.6%. Conclusion: This study showed a caesarean section rate of 25.4% with repeat caesarean section and Cephalopelvic disproportion being the most common indication for elective and emergency caesarean section respectively. Emergency caesarean section accounted for most of the cases and is associated with a higher risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality