Planting area estimation of Paeonia ostii based on RS--by case study in Dangshan of Anhui province / 中国中药杂志

Moutan Cortex is one kind of famous medicinal materials. The dry root bark of Paeonia ostii which is a genuine medicinal material produced in Tongling,Anhui province,and later was introduced to Heze,Shandong province and Bozhou,Anhui province.Dangshan county is located at the northern end of Anhui province and adjacent to Shandong province. Its medicinal seedlings were came from Heze,Shandong province. At present,there is a lack of scientific investigation on the planting area of P. ostii in north China plain. On the basis of field investigation and remote sensing technology,through the data source provided by the remote sensing image of " Resources 3"( ZY-3),combined with the biological characteristics of P. ostii,the planting area of P. ostii in Dangshan county was extracted by field investigation and supervisory classification. The supervise classification method with the highest interpretation accuracy so far,the overall accuracy was 97. 81%,Kappa coefficient 0. 96. The results showed that the remote sensing classification method based on the maximum likelihood classification could extract P. ostii plots in the study area effectively. This study provides a scientific basis for the protection and rational utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources,the development policy of traditional Chinese medicine industry and the long-term development plan in Dangshan county,and provides technical support for the poverty alleviation of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Dangshan county. It provides scientific reference for the application of remote sensing technology to investigate the planting area of P. ostii in in north China plain.

Measuring the perception of quality physical education in Latin American professionals / Medindo a percepção de profissionais latino-americanos sobre a qualidade da educação física / Midiendo la percepción de profesionales latinoamericanos acerca de la Calidad de la Educación Física

Abstract An unsteady plan for curriculum development and supportive issues in physical education (PE) has created confusion among professionals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors perceived as important in the development of quality physical education (QPE) by professionals in Latin American (LA) countries. A questionnaire consisting of 24 items based on QPE was responded by 468 professionals collected from 6 LA cities. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the 24 items using ML extraction and direct oblimin rotation were applied, and the retained 17 items were clustered in a three factor solution referred to as, Development and Supportive Elements for QPE in School (DSFQPE) (α = .935), Core Value of QPEtabl (CVPE) (α = .890), and Curriculum Arrangement of Physical Activities (CAPA) (α = .850). The retained items indicated excellent properties and the basic framework as perceived by professionals from PE in LA countries as important in the investigation of QPE.

Resumo Um plano instável para o desenvolvimento de currículos e questões de apoio na educação física (PE) criou confusão entre os profissionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar os fatores percebidos como importantes no desenvolvimento da educação física de qualidade (QPE) por profissionais de países da América Latina (AL). Um questionário composto por 24 itens com base no QPE foi respondido por 468 profissionais coletados em 6 cidades da América Latina. Uma análise fatorial exploratória dos 24 itens usando extração ML e rotação obliminar direta foram aplicados, e os 17 itens retidos foram agrupados em uma solução de três fatores denominada Elementos de Desenvolvimento e Suporte para QPE na Escola (DSFQPE) (α = 0,935), Valor essencial do QPE (CVPE) (α = 0,890) e Arranjo Curricular das Atividades Físicas (CAPA) (α = 0,850). Os itens retidos indicaram propriedades excelentes e o referencial básico percebido pelos profissionais de EF em países da América Latina como importante na investigação do PEQ.

Resumen Un plan inestable para el desarrollo curricular y aspectos de apoyo para la educación física (EF) han creado confusión entre los profesionales. El propósito de esta investigación es investigar los factores percibidos como importantes en el desarrollo de la educación física de calidad (EFC) por profesionales en países de América Latina (AL). Un cuestionario que consta de 24 ítems basados en EFC fue respondido por 468 profesionales recolectados en 6 ciudades de LA. Se aplicó un Análisis factorial exploratorio de los 24 ítems que utilizan extracción ML y rotación oblicua directa, y los 17 ítems retenidos se agruparon en una solución de tres factores denominada Elementos de desarrollo y de apoyo para EFC en la escuela (EDAEFC) (α = 0,935); Valor principal de EFC (CVPE) (α = 0,890) y Arreglo del plan de actividades físicas (CAPA) (α = 0,850). Los ítems retenidos indicaron excelentes propiedades y el marco básico es percibido por los profesionales de EF en los países de AL como importante en la investigación de EFC.

Medical Insurance Affecting on the Health of the Elderly in China：based on the exmination of limited information of the maximum likelihood method / 中国卫生经济

Objective: Based on overcoming the adverse effect of endogenous problem of causality; to study the effect of health insurance for the health of the elderly. Methods: To apply limited information maximum likelihood method and introduce instrumental variables for two-phase analysis. Results: The more to types of medical insurance participated, the easier the risk of chronic diseases could be reduced, but unfavorable to improve self-reported health. Conclusion: The government should develop social insurance under New Rural Cooperative Medical System, to improve the abilities of the elderly in participating in medical insurance.

Comparação entre métodos de estimação do coeficiente de endogamia com dados de frequências alélicas em uma população diplóide / Comparison among inbreeding coefficient estimation methods in a diploid population with two alleles

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se comparar três estimadores do coeficiente de endogamia, F, em uma população diplóide com dois alelos, utilizando-se dados de frequências alélicas em amostras de indíviduos, com diferentes tamanhos obtidas em populações simuladas, por meio do software SAS. Foi avaliado o estimador de F, obtido pela análise de variância de frequências alélicas, o estimador considerando o método dos momentos e o estimador pelo método da máxima verossimilhança. Os resultados encontrados para a média e variância os estimadores, a partir de 1000 estimativas de F, calculadas para cada tamanho de amostra, mostraram que os três estimadores são tendenciosos. Entretanto, de maneira geral, observou-se que o estimador considerando a análise de variância foi menos tendencioso e apresentou menor variância, quando o coeficiente de endogamia da população foi alto. Para tamanho de amostra superior a 50, os três estimadores tiveram comportamento semelhante, independente da frequência alélica e da endogamia da população.

The present work evaluated the properties of three estimators of the inbreeding coefficient, F, in a diploid population with two alleles, using data of gene frequencies in individuals from random samples obtained from populations simulated through the SAS. We evaluated the estimators of F obtained by variance analysis of allelic frequencies, obtained by moment method, and estimator obtained by maximum likelihood method. The analysis of the means and variances of the estimators, obtained from 1000 estimates of F, calculated for each sample size, demonstrated that the three estimators were biased. However, it was observed that the estimator obtained from univariate analysis was less biased and presented smaller variance, when the inbreeding coefficient in the population was elevated, while for populations with low inbreeding, the variance of the estimator obtained by the multivariate analysis was smaller.

Study on Quantitative Diagnosis of Stagnation of Qi and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Chronic Prostatitis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To discuss the quantitative diagnosis of stagnation of Qi and blood stasis syndrome in chronic prostatitis. To make diagnosis chart and ensure diagnosis threshold level which provide statistics evidence for syndrome differentiation of TCM. Methods By the statistical ways, 168 cases of chronic prostatitis belong to stagnation of Qi blood and stasis syndrome and 198 cases of non-stagnation of Qi and blood stasis syndrome were investigated. To make a diagnosis chart and ensure diagnosis threshold level by applying the method of the maximum likelihood discriminatory analysis. Results The quantitative diagnosis chart was made and diagnosis threshold level was 26. According to the retrospective and prospective test, its sensitivity, especially degree, coincidence rate, error rate and positive likelihood ratio were 94.64%, 88.89%, 91.53%, 8.47%, 8.52 and 94.28%, 90.32%, 92.42%, 7.58%, 9.74. Conclusion The indexes of the quantitative diagnosis have good objectivity. According to the retrospective and prospective test, the diagnosis chart was proved to be practical.