Maximization of Extracted Condition of Pro-angiogenic Components in Citrus unshiu Peels using Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Aqueous extraction of Citrus unshiu peels (AECUP) is mainly comprised with pro-angiogenichesperidin and narirutin. In this study, we report approaches to increasing the yields of extracted hesperidin and narirutinfrom Citrus unshiu peels using proper solvents. Significantly improved yields of both compounds were obtained using methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) compared to acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Especially, effect of DMSO was by far the better of the two solvents in extraction of hesperidin. In addition, the DMSO extracted hesperidin significantly induced the pro-angiogenic effects of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and markedly up-regulated phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that pro-angiogenic inducer; hesperidin and narirutin can be simply, easily, and effectively extracted from Citrus unshiu peels.

Acción biocida de plantas de Piper tuberculatum Jacq. sobre Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidóptera, Pyralidae)

En el presente trabajo evaluamos la acción biocida sobre larvas del III estadío de Diatraea saccharalis, usando extractos acuoso, diclorometano-metanol (DCM:MeOH, 2:1) y alcohólico (EtOH, 96%) de hojas, tallos y espigas maduras (con frutos y semillas) de Piper tuberculatum, en larvas del III estadío. El método de inoculación del extracto, previamente eluido con agua destilada, fue de aplicación tópica en el mesotorax de las larvas. Solamente los extractos DCM:MeOH y EtOH de espigas maduras y extracto DCM:MeOH de plantas in vitro mostraron niveles significativos de mortalidad larval. El mayor efecto tóxico correspondió a extractos de espigas maduras respecto a plantas in vitro y a extracto EtOH respecto a extracto DCM:MeOH, tal como lo expresan los resultados de las concentraciones letales a 50% (CL50) y 90% (CL90), en 72 h de exposición. Así tenemos que en el caso de espigas maduras fue: CL50 (0,11 mg/mL con EtOH y 0,16 mg/mL con DCM:MeOH) y CL90 (0,35 mg/mL con EtOH y 0,55 mg/mL con DCM:MeOH); en el caso de plantas in vitro, unicamente con DCM:MeOH, fue: CL50 0,39 mg/mL y CL90 2,62 mg/mL. Los resultados de las rectas valores probitos-mortalidad expresaron la misma tendencia.

The biocid action of DCM:MeOH (2:1), EtOH and aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and mature spikes (with fruits and seeds) of field plants and DCM:MeOH (2:1) extract of in vitro plants of Piper tuberculatum on III larval stage of Diatraea saccharalis was evaluated. The method was by inoculating the previously eluted extract with distillate water as topic applications on the larval mesothorax. Only DCM:MeOH and EtOH extracts of mature spikes and DCM:MeOH extract of in vitro plants showed significant levels of larval mortality. The corresponding highest toxic effect was (a) for mature spikes respect to in vitro plants and (b) EtOH extract respect to DCM:MeOH extract, according to the results showed for the lethal concentration to 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90), in 72 hours of exposure. Thus, in the case of mature spikes was: LC50 0,11 mg/mL with EtOH and 0,16 mg/mL with DCM:MeOH) and LC90 (0,35 mg/mL with EtOH and 0,55 mg/mL with DCM:MeOH); and, in the case of in vitro plants, only with DCM:MeOH extract, was: LC50 0,39 mg/mL and LC90 2,62 mg/mL. The results of probit values-mortality lines showed the same tendency.