Linfadenectomía mediastinal por muestreo vs. linfadenectomía completa en el cáncer pulmonar / Sampling Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy versus Complete Lymphadenectomy in Lung Cancer

Introducción: El muestreo y la linfadenectomía completa son técnicas de acceso al mediastino. Su evaluación permite definir la conducta en el enfermo con cáncer del pulmón. Objetivo: Determinar los resultados de supervivencia en los enfermos con lesiones resecables por cáncer de pulmón con linfadenectomía completa o linfadenectomía por muestreo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal tipo serie de casos en 118 pacientes con lesiones resecables de cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas. El total de pacientes se subdividieron en dos grupos. A los 73 enfermos pertenecientes al grupo A se les realizó linfadenectomía por muestreo (1996-2010), mientras que a los 45 del grupo B se les realizó linfadenectomía completa (2011-2019). Se analizaron las complicaciones y la supervivencia a los cinco años. Resultados: Se resecaron mayor cantidad de ganglios por paciente y por regiones en la linfadenectomía completa, con una supervivencia de 50,6 por ciento, superior al 39,7por ciento obtenido en el grupo donde se realizó un muestreo. No se recogieron complicaciones inherentes a las técnicas quirúrgicas. Conclusiones: Los pacientes operados con resección y linfadenectomía completa tuvieron mayor sobrevida que los intervenidos mediante resección y linfadenectomía por muestreo(AU)

Introduction: Sampling or complete lymphadenectomy are techniques for accessing the mediastinum. Their assessment allows to define the approach in patients with lung cancer. Objective: To determine survival outcomes in ill patients with resectable lesions due to lung cancer after complete or sampling lymphadenectomies. Methods: A longitudinal case series study was performed in 118 patients with resectable lesions of nonsmall-cell lung cancer. All the patients were divided into two groups. The 73 ill patients from group A underwent sampling lymphadenectomy (1996-2010), while the 45 patients from group B underwent complete lymphadenectomy (2011-2019). Complications and five-year survival were analyzed. Results: A higher amount of nodes were resected per patient and per region in complete lymphadenectomy, with a survival of 50.6 por ciento, higher than the 39.7 por ciento corresponding to the sampling group. No complications inherent to the surgical techniques were collected. Conclusions: Patients operated on by resection and complete lymphadenectomy had higher survival figures than those operated on by resection and sampling lymphadenectomy(AU)

Dissection borders of laparoscopic lower mediastinal lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction and the quality control / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The lower mediastinal lymphadenectomy is indicated for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG), while the laparoscopic procedure shows some advantages. According to previous studies and results of IDEAL phase 2a study in our institute, the following structures are recommended as the dissection borders: the upper (cranial) is inferior wall of pericardium and pulmonary ligament; the lower (caudal) is diaphragm hiatus (esophagogastric junction); the front (ventral) is anterior inferior wall of pericardium and diaphragm; the back (dorsal) is anterior wall of aorta; the lateral is mediastinal pleura. The standard of quality control is still under investigation.

Valor de la linfadenectomía mediastinal en la cirugía del cáncer pulmonar / The Value of Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy in Lung Cancer Surgery

RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación del mediastino en los pacientes que reciben tratamiento quirúrgico por cáncer del pulmón tiene sus orígenes en la necesidad de definir la extensión anatómica de cada estación nodal, lo cual es indispensable para la categorización patológica de los nódulos linfáticos. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la linfadenectomía mediastinal en el tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer pulmonar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de carácter prospectivo en el período comprendido entre enero de 2015 al 31 de agosto de 2018. El universo estuvo conformado por 96 pacientes con algún tipo de linfadenectomía mediastinal en el tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer pulmonar dentro del período señalado. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos, teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 58,69 ± 9,343, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado y el adenocarcinoma el tipo histológico que predominó. La etapa clínica y patológica mayoritaria fue la III A y la lobectomía superior derecha la intervención más realizada. Se efectuaron un total de 76 disecciones ganglionares sistemáticas, seguidas por 18 muestreos ganglionares y 2 biopsias. Las linfadenectomías realizadas provocaron cambios de estadios en 46 pacientes. El análisis del valor predictivo positivo y negativo, así como de la sensibilidad y la especificidad fueron altos, así como las complicaciones escasas. Conclusiones: La linfadenectomía mediastinal como parte del tratamiento quirúrgico en el cáncer pulmonar constituye un pilar fundamental en la estadificación patológica del TNM, al mostrar una exactitud diagnóstica alta(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Evaluation of the mediastinum in patients receiving surgical treatment for lung cancer has its origins in the need to define the anatomical extension of each node station, which is essential for the pathological categorization of lymph nodes. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of mediastinal lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of lung cancer. Methods: A prospective and analytical study was carried out in the period from January 2015 to August 31, 2018. The universe consisted of 96 patients with some type of mediastinal lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of lung cancer within the indicated period. Statistical, theoretical and empirical methods were used. Results: The average age was 58.69 ± 9.343. The male sex was the most affected. Adenocarcinoma was the histological type that predominated. The most manifested clinical and pathological stage was III A. Right upper lobectomy was the most performed intervention. A total of 76 systematic lymph node dissections were performed, followed by 18 lymph node samples and two biopsies. The lymphadenectomies performed caused stage changes in 46 patients. The analysis of positive and negative predictive value, as well as sensitivity and specificity, were high. There were few complications. Conclusions: Mediastinal lymphadenectomy as part of the surgical treatment in lung cancer constitutes a fundamental procedure for the pathological staging of TNM, as it shows high diagnostic accuracy(AU)

Wide exposure in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for radical resection of lung cancer / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To investigate the advantage of the concept of wide exposure in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (uniportal-VATS) for radical resection of lung cancer and assess its safety and feasibility. Methods Clinical data of 255 patients (110 males and 145 females, a mean age of 54.3±7.9 years) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received wide exposure in uniportal-VATS or three portal VATS (3P-VATS) during August 2017 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 153 patients (67 males and 86 females, a mean age of 56.1±8.5 years) in the uniportal-VATS group and 102 patients (43 males and 59 femals, a mean age of 54.4±7.4 years) in the 3P-VATS group. The clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistical difference in the operation time between the uniportal-VATS and 3P-VATS (135.0±45.6 min vs. 142.0±39.5 min, P>0.05). The overall number of dissected stations (6.9±1.0) and LNs (14.5±3.0) in the uniportal-VATS group were similar with those in the 3P-VATS group (7.1±1.0, 15.1±1.7). The dissected stations of N2 LNs (uniportal-VATS: 4.1±1.7, 3P-VATS: 3.9±0.8) and number of dissected N2 LNs (uniportal-VATS: 8.0±0.9, 3P-VATS: 7.8±1.1) were both similar between the two groups. The duration of postoperative tube drainage and postoperative hospital stay of uniportal-VATS group (3.5±1.8 d and 7.2±0.9 d) were much shorter than those of 3P-VATS group (4.0±1.3 d and 8.8±2.0 d). No significant difference was found in incidence of postoperative complication between the two groups except that the incidence of subcutaneous emphysema in the uniportal-VATS group was much lower. There was no perioperative death in the two groups. Conclusion The concept of wide exposure in uniportal-VATS can meet the requirment of radical resection and it is a safe and valid method which can be used for radical resection of lung cancer.

Carcinoma tímico en un adulto / Thymic carcinoma in an adult

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 50 años de edad, quien acudió a la consulta de Oncología del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, por presentar un tumor tímico de 4 meses de evolución. Se le realizó timectomía y linfadenectomía mediastinal, así como una biopsia que indicó la presencia de carcinoma tímico de tipo linfoepitelioma (II) de alto grado de malignidad, estadio IVA; por tal razón se decidió efectuar tratamiento con quimioterapia y radioterapia. Debido a la persistencia del tumor se planificó la segunda línea de quimioterapia, pero el paciente falleció.

The case report of a 50 year-old patient is presented who visited the Oncology department of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, due to a 4 months thymic tumor. A thymectomy and mediastinal lymphadenectomy were carried out , as well as a biopsy which indicated the presence of thymic carcinoma, type II lymphoepithelioma of high degree of malignancy, stage IV A; for such a reason it was decided to carry out a treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the tumor persistence the second chemotherapy line was planned, but the patient died.