El acto médico como ética de la relación / Medical action as the ethics of relationships

El presente trabajo, de carácter documental, aborda el problema de las éticas posibles en la vivencia del acto médico, el cual es concebido no solamente como acto terapéutico sino también ético llevado a cabo por el profesional de la salud. Se concluye que el acto médico puede ser vivido como expresión de dos grandes posiciones éticas: una de ellas ha sido denominada ética instrumental, en la que la palabra desplegada en el acto que realiza el profesional tiene un valor instrumental; la otra se ha llamado ética intersubjetiva, en la que la palabra ocupa un lugar privilegiado como posibilidad de restitución de la subjetividad del paciente y de construcción de un tejido relacional médicopaciente en el que acontezca la acción curativa. Se concluye, acorde con esta segunda posición ética, que la vocación médica implica que el médico cultive para sí y para sus pacientes una vida buena, virtuosa y estética, que promueva el bien pleno como criterio ético fundamental.

This documentary paper approaches the issue of the possible types of ethics that can be used in the medical practice, conceived as both therapeutic and ethical actions carried out by health professionals. It is concluded that medical action can be carried out as the expression of two main ethical approaches, namely: The instrumental ethics in which the discourse used by the professional during medical actions has an instrumental value. The second one is called intersubjective ethics, which considers that the aforementioned discourse has a special role, since it may restore the patient’s subjectivity and build a relational weave between the patient and the physician in which healing action can take place. It is concluded, in accordance with the second ethical approach, that medical vocation implies that physicians should develop a good, virtuous, and aesthetic life for themselves and for their patients.

Decision making and semiotics: a view in homeopathy / Decisão e semiótica: um olhar em homeopatia

This paper discusses medical action, homeopathic medical action in particular, from a semiotic perspective. Any doctor – patient relation and communication aims at an action. Action in medicine follows a decision which is determined by the meaning of signs and operations with signs. In their turn, signs are conditioned in their perception and interpretation by the meaning they have to their receivers, both intra and intersubjectively. The meaning of signs in the medical context relates to reference values established by normative signs, around which semiotic fields are organized. Signs never appear isolated but in configurations, meaningful only from the perspective of some specific coherence. While decision-making is a consequence of meaning, meaning is conditioned by codes predetermined in both the sender and receiver of signs. Each and every medical action has an outcome which might give rise to a new series signs – decision – action. The outcome of medical action functions as a sign subsequent to previous ones, and a new configuration might appear, which allows for new action. Homeopathic signs have as their ultimate referent an individual; these signs are configured in a coherent way using the specific codes. Specific configurations allow for specific decisions and effective prescriptions of remedies when they point out to the individual.

O presente artigo discute a ação médica, particularmente a homeopática, de uma perspectiva semiótica. Toda relação e comunicação médico-paciente visa uma ação. A ação, em medicina, segue a uma decisão, por sua vez determinada pelo sentido de signos e operações com signos. Os signos estão condicionados em sua percepção e interpretação pelo sentido que têm para seus receptores, tanto intra quanto intersubjetivamente. O sentido dos signos no contexto médico se relaciona com valores de referência estabelecidos por signos normativos, ao redor dos quais são organizados campos semióticos. Os signos nunca aparecem isolados, mas em configurações, significantes somente como função de uma coerência específica. Enquanto a decisão é conseqüência do sentido, este é condicionado por códigos pré-determinados, tanto no emissor quanto no receptor dos signos. Toda ação médica tem um resultados que, por sua vez, pode originar uma nova série de signos - decisão - ação. O resultado da ação médica opera como signo subseqüente aos anteriores, e dessa maneira pode aparecer uma nova configuração que leva a uma nova ação. Os signos homeopáticos têm como referente último um indivíduo; esses signos se configuram de maneira coerente graças a códigos específicos. Configurações específicas levam a decisões específicas e prescrições efetivas de medicamentos quando visam o indivíduo.

On the composition of legal relationship between doctors and patients / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Legal relationship between doctors and patients is constructed by the three el-ements:the subject,the object and the contents.The subject is the medical side and patient side.The object is a medical act.The content of medical and legal relations is rights and obligations of both sides.

Relationship of Mammonism Phenom and Medical Morality Dead-line with Duties of Medical Risk / 中国医学伦理学

That sparkplugs and cognizances caution of medical morality base line is a realistic proposition that to spurn mammonism phenomenon filters medical service industry and enhances diathesis of medical affairs personnel.Medical service incited by mammonism phenomenon forms a menace to the medical base line,it is important inducement of medical action of getting out of line,and duties of medical risk and complaints of medical comsumer.Mammonism phenomenon form a nubbin quoted by medical morality base line and duties of medical risk.