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1.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 597-600, 2024.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1012947

RESUMO

Based on the characteristics of qualitative research, such as openness, flexibility, interaction and subjectivity, this paper discussed the related ethical challenges and responsibilities faced by institutional ethics committees and researchers in ethical review, informed consent, privacy protection and researchers’ influence in the application of medical and health fields. Ethics committees need to adopt review standards suitable for qualitative research characteristics and improve their review ability. Researchers need to consider from the perspective of research participants, improve their scientific ability and ethical awareness in the whole process of design, data collection, analysis and reporting, truly respect and protect the rights and interests of research participants, and finally produce valuable research evidence.

2.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 297-301, 2024.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1012893

RESUMO

This paper analyzed the problems existing in China’s basic medical and health services from the perspective of fairness and efficiency, and the main restricting factors of balanced developmen. The main factors were: the far-reaching influence of "dual economic structure" between urban and rural areas, the government’s low-efficiency intervention in the allocation of health resources, the efficiency of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system has not been fully released, the level of basic medical security needs to be improved, and the reform of the management and operation mechanism of medical institutions is lagging. It is proposed to adhere to the value concept of appropriate balance between fairness and efficiency, give full play to the functions of the government and the market, and take concrete measures to improve the financing mode, optimize the allocation of resources and improve the service system.

3.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 290-296, 2024.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1012892

RESUMO

Policy tools are ways to quantitative analysis of policy text content and the construction of a "Policy Tools-Policy Objectives (X-Y Dimension)" framework to explore long-term stability and late-stage innovation of policy development. This paper reviewed the development process of medical and health policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and divided 1949-2021 into four stages of reform breeding, institutional transformation, reform improvement and continuous deepening. Screening 121 medical and health policy texts issued at the national level since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, quantitatively analyzing 5 957 policy text cells from the perspective of policy tools, counting the use of policy tools in various periods, and excavating the inherent logic of policy texts, policy tools and policy objectives to derive development characteristics of internal logic deduction. The development of China’s medical and health policy in the new period will serve the people’s health in the first place, adhere to the development direction of equalization of basic public service, strengthen the coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation and talent training, build a health and healthy development system with Chinese characteristics.

4.
Journal of Biomedical Engineering ; (6): 1045-1052, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008933

RESUMO

This review article aims to explore the major challenges that the healthcare system is currently facing and propose a new paradigm shift that harnesses the potential of wearable devices and novel theoretical frameworks on health and disease. Lifestyle-induced diseases currently account for a significant portion of all healthcare spending, with this proportion projected to increase with population aging. Wearable devices have emerged as a key technology for implementing large-scale healthcare systems focused on disease prevention and management. Advancements in miniaturized sensors, system integration, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, 5G, and other technologies have enabled wearable devices to perform high-quality measurements comparable to medical devices. Through various physical, chemical, and biological sensors, wearable devices can continuously monitor physiological status information in a non-invasive or minimally invasive way, including electrocardiography, electroencephalography, respiration, blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood glucose, activity, and more. Furthermore, by combining concepts and methods from complex systems and nonlinear dynamics, we developed a novel theory of continuous dynamic physiological signal analysis-dynamical complexity. The results of dynamic signal analyses can provide crucial information for disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Wearable devices can also serve as an important bridge connecting doctors and patients by tracking, storing, and sharing patient data with medical institutions, enabling remote or real-time health assessments of patients, and providing a basis for precision medicine and personalized treatment. Wearable devices have a promising future in the healthcare field and will be an important driving force for the transformation of the healthcare system, while also improving the health experience for individuals.


Assuntos
Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos
5.
Journal of Preventive Medicine ; (12): 697-700, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-980324

RESUMO

Objective@#To investigate the willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services and identify the influencing factors among the elderly in Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, so as to provide insights into promoting integrated medical and elderly care services.@*Methods@#The elderly at ages of 60 years and older were sampled using a convenient sampling method from public venues in four districts of Huimin, Saihan, Yuquan and Xincheng in Hohhot City from June to December 2021. Basic characteristics, health and disease burdens, social support and willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services were collected, and factors affecting the willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services were identified among the elderly using a multiple linear regression model. @*Results@#A total of 1 008 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.74%. The respondents included 519 men (51.49%) and 489 women (48.51%), and had a mean age of (69.47±6.42) years. The monthly average fees of willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services were (2 076.49±36.79) Yuan, and there were 636 participants with 2 000 Yuan and less monthly average fees of willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services (63.10%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that place of residence (β=180.832), satisfaction with housing (satisfied, β=-140.760), physical self-care ability (completely self-care: β=-238.244; mostly self-care: β=-254.557), burdens of disease diagnosis and treatment (able to afford: β=452.488; partly afford: β=228.626), monthly income (β=347.144), expenses of medications (β=0.019) and total score of social support (β=17.116) were factors affecting the willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services among the elderly. @*Conclusions@#The willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services among the elderly in Hohhot City is associated with place of residence, monthly income, satisfaction with housing, physical self-care ability, burden of disease diagnosis and treatment, expenses of medications and social support.

6.
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine ; (12): 1141-1145, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1003824

RESUMO

ObjectiveTo analyze the equity of medical and health resource allocation in 12 cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and to provide policy suggestions for further optimizing the allocation of medical and health resources. MethodsBased on two dimensions of geography and population, a comprehensive evaluation of the equity of medical and health resource allocation was conducted using location entropy, health resource density index (HRDI), entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, and GIS spatial analysis. ResultsLocation entropy showed that the allocation of medical resources in each league city exceeded or approached 1 in the population dimension, but less than 1 in the geography dimension. HRDI revealed that the number of health institutions in Tongliao City was 8.3 times that of Alxa League; the number of beds, health technical personnel, practicing (assistant) physicians, and registered nurses in Wuhai City was 20.3 times, 18.2 times, 15.2 times, and 22.7 times that of Alxa League. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS method showed that the top three weighted indicators were registered nurses (24.14%), health technical personnel (22.63%), and practicing (assistant) physicians (21.13%). Allocation of medical resources in Hulunbuir City, Xilinguole League, and Alashan League was significantly inequitable; GIS spatial analysis showed that the equity of medical resource allocation exhibited a decreasing distribution pattern from the central region to the western and eastern regions. ConclusionThere is a significant disparity in the equity of medical and health resource allocation among various leagues and cities, with resource allocation in the population dimension being better than in the geographical dimension. Allocation of medical and health human resources should be strengthened.

7.
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration ; (12): 417-421, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-996100

RESUMO

The construction of a countywide community for medical and health services is designed to upgrade the service capacity of primary medical and health institutions, to promote resource sharing and collaborative services, and promote the hierarchical medical system. Huzhou of Zhejiang province has launched its initiative in building a countywide community for medical services since 2018. The authors summarized its main practices in promoting the integration of the management system and optimizing operating mechanism of countywide medical and health institutions, promoting the reform of the county medical and health governance system, as well as the achievements and shortcomings, with a view to providing reference for promoting the high-quality development of the countywide medical and health service system.

8.
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration ; (12): 223-229, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-996065

RESUMO

Objective:To analyze the input and output status of health resources in primary medical and health institutions and their allocation efficiency in different regions of China, and to provide an empirical basis for optimizing the allocation of primary medical and health resources in China among regions.Methods:The input index data (number of beds and number of health personnel) and output index data (number of primary medical and health institutions visits, number of family health services, number of hospital admissions) of primary medical and health institutions in China in 2020 were extracted from the China Health Statistical Yearbook 2021. Based on the BCC ( Banker, Charnes, Cooper) model of data envelopment analysis ( DEA), the Bootstrap- DEA method was used to correct bias, the allocation efficiency of primary medical and health resources in 31 provinces was calculated and the regional differences were analyzed. Results:After bias correction, the technical efficiency (TE) of resource allocation in primary medical and health institutions decreased by 0.102. The average TE score of all 31 primary medical and health institutions was 0.669, indicating a serious problem of ineffective use of technology. The TE of the eastern, central and western regions was 0.694, 0.663, and 0.649 respectively. There was obvious polarization in the central regions.Further analysis of the efficiency improvement of non DEA efficient provinces showed that 2 DEA weakly efficient provinces and 16 DEA ineffective provinces had several reference provinces for efficiency configuration improvement; The provinces that have been referenced more than 10 times were Zhejiang, Chongqing, Sichuan, and Ningxia, while the provinces that were listed as the first reference by other provinces were Ningxia, Chongqing, Zhejiang, and Tibet.Conclusions:The resource allocation efficiency of primary medical and health institutions in China is relatively low, and regional differences are obvious. The balance between different inputs and outputs should be considered when allocating the resources. Non DEA effective provinces can use DEA analysis to find the most suitable reference object and make reference improvements in the short term.

9.
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration ; (12): 141-148, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-996050

RESUMO

Objective:To compare the social support levels as understood by family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers, and village clinics/community clinics, and their influencing factors, in order to provide reference for improving the work status of family doctor team members and enhancing the quality of family doctors′ contracted services.Methods:A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to sample medical workers from contracted family doctor teams in township hospitals/community health centers and their subordinate village clinics/community clinics in 6 counties (cities, districts) of Tai′an city, Shandong province. In August 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the perceived level of social support among family doctor team members using the perceived social support scale. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the data, and independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to conduct univariate analysis on the influencing factors of perceived social support scores of family doctor team members at different levels, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct multivariate analysis. Results:A total of 765 valid questionnaires were collected, with 203 and 562 from township hospitals/community health centers and village clinics/community clinics, respectively. The total perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers and village clinics/community clinics were (65.56±10.29) and (67.31±10.14), respectively, featuring statistically significant differences ( t=-2.11, P<0.05). In-mirage marital status ( β=0.18, P=0.008), good/very good self-rated health status ( β= 0.25, P=0.048), participation of work-related training within one year ( β=0.17, P=0.010), relatively satisfied/very satisfied for job promotion ( β= 0.17, P=0.046), as well as above/far above average self-rated economic status as ( β=-0.15, P=0.027), were the influencing factor on the perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in township hospitals/community health centers. In-marriage marital status ( β= 0.12, P=0.002), good/very good self-rated health status ( β=0.14, P=0.026), junior or intermediate level or above professional title ( β=-0.11, P=0.003; β=-0.10, P=0.006), participation of work-related training within one year ( β= 0.14, P<0.001), and relatively satisfied/very satisfied for job promotion ( β= 0.16, P<0.001) were the influencing factors on the perceived social support scores of family doctor team members in village clinics/community clinics. Conclusions:Members of the family doctor teams in primary medical institutions in Tai′an city had a higher level of understanding of social support. There were differences in the social support levels of family doctor team members between the two levels of primary medical and health care institutions, and the influencing factors were not completely consistent. Targeted measures should be taken based on specific circumstances to enable them to better receive and perceive support from family and friends, and to improve the quality of family doctors′ contracted services.

10.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 815-818, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1005672

RESUMO

The great anti-epidemic spirit is a magic weapon for the Chinese people to fight against the COVID-19. Taking the Dr. Zha’s Diary of Fighting the COVID-19 as an example to explore the practical basis and scientific connotation of the great anti-epidemic spirit is of great significance for telling Chinese stories and transmitting Chinese spirit. The anti-epidemic experience described in the book reflects the professional qualities of medical staff who are people-oriented and life first in the fight against the epidemic, the overall view of respecting science and precise prevention and control by various forces in society, and the overall pattern of national unity and shared destiny in China, vividly interprets the precious connotation of the new era medical and health professional spirit.

11.
China Occupational Medicine ; (6): 468-2022.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-965138

RESUMO

@#Abstract: Objective ( ) To investigate the current status of medical radiation protection in medical and health institutions MHI Methods - ( ) in Tibet Autonomous Region. Sixty one MHIs in seven prefectures cities of Tibet Autonomous Region were selected as the study subjects by stratified random sampling. The radiological protection equipment and personal protective , equipment were investigated and the quality control of radiological equipment and radiation protection monitoring in Results , radiological workplace were monitored. There were 368 radiation workers in 61 MHI institutions accounting for 4.8% ( ) ∶ , 368/7 701 of the total number of radiation workers. The ratio of male to female was 2 1 and the average was six people/ institution. The quantity of radiation monitoring equipment and personal protective equipment at all levels of MHI was less than , 1.00 sets/person. Among them tertiary MHI had the lowest number of personal protective equipment configurations. The ( monitoring qualified rates of radiation equipment quality control and radiation protection in radiation workplace were 73.3% 88/ ) ( ), 120 and 95.8% 115/120 respectively. The lowes tmonitoring qualified rate of radiation equipment quality control was 55.2% ( ) , ( , )Conclusion 32/58 with digital radiography and the second was computed tomography 84.8% 28/33 . The monitoring , qualified rate of radiation protection in MHI workplaces at all levels in Tibet Autonomous Region is high. However radiation monitoring equipment and personal protective equipment should be increased.

12.
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration ; (12): 161-167, 2022.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-958751

RESUMO

In order to further promote hierarchical medical system and enhance the capacity of primary healthcare services, China began to build compact county medical community. At present, the development of China′s compact county community still exists such problems as the construction of service system, the basic institutional mechanism, the quality of supply capacity and the core guarantee mechanism. In order to solve the existing problems, the authors took Shaxian District of Sanming City, Fujian Province, Dancheng County of Zhoukou City, Henan Province, and Yangqu County, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province as examples to summarize the experience of the advanced pilot areas of the policy. In the future, the construction of compact county community in China should be based on the construction of " single-core multi-layer" system, starting from the five levels of collaborative management, practical operation, system construction, basic guarantee and multi-party supervision, to comprehensively enhance the healthcare services, and finally achieve the goal of the strategy of hierarchical medical and Healthy China.

13.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 886-893, 2022.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1013076

RESUMO

During the Yan’an period, under the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, the former Eighth Route Army Health School was expanded into China Medical University. As the first medical university founded by the Communist Party of China, this is a great practice of higher medical education in the new revolution. The school adhered to the policy of educating people with both ability and political integrity, the "saving the dying and healing the wounded, implementing revolutionary humanitarianism" has become the ideological guide and goal of the majority of revolutionary medical workers. The school provided a good teaching environment by strengthening teachers, enriching infrastructure and teaching equipment. Teachers and students have overcome difficulties and made great achievements in teaching and learning. At the same time, through the mass production movement and rectification movement, the development of the school was promoted from two aspects of material production and ideological construction. The practice of China Medical University in education policy, teaching curriculum and teaching content has certain enlightenment for today’s medical education.

14.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 986-989, 2022.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1013052

RESUMO

Advanced technology not only brings good news to patients, but also causes a series of ethical issues. Subject risk/benefit assessment is the core of ethical review in clinical research. By combing the development status of China ethics review committee, analyzing the problems existing in the current ethical review, this paper proposed to standardize the establishment and independence of ethics review committee, improve the relevant laws and regulations of the ethics review committee, establish the administrative access and evaluation mechanism of the ethics review committee, build a multi-center mutual recognition alliance, improve the standardized operating procedures of the ethics review committee, set up an ethical personnel training system, and strengthen the review capacity building of the ethics review committee, so as to provide new ideas for the review work of the committee, then better protect the rights and interests of subjects and promote the development of medical science.

15.
Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research ; (12): 1751-1755, 2022.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-991236

RESUMO

Objective:To analyze the current situation and requirements of education for health technicians in maternal and child health care institutions, and put forward feasible strategies and measures to improve the comprehensive quality and professional level of the talent team of maternal and child health care institutions.Methods:Questionnaire survey was carried out on education needs of health technical staff of 11 maternal and child health care hospitals in 4 provinces (regions), and provincial, municipal and district-level medical institutions. The survey results were recorded by Epidata 3.1. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 1 678 questionnaires were included in the analysis. A total of 1 313 people received training, accounting for 78.2%. The main reason for not receiving training was that the unit didn't arrange (180 people), accounting for 49.3%(180/365). There were 779 people who had more than 3 days of training, accounting for 59.3%. There were 384 people who were trained in superior general hospitals, accounting for 29.2%, and 268 people were trained in superior maternal and child health institutions, accounting for 20.4%. There were 837 people who learned the content of new professional progress, accounting for 50.8%(837/1 648). According to the interview, there were still some requirements for thematic training, further education, online learning, continuing education and standardized training.Conclusion:Maternal and child health care institutions have accelerated the construction of professional personnel, intensified training, and thoroughly implemented health personnel training programs, established a long-term mechanism, increased funding, improved training content, ensured the quality of training, and made a good job in hierarchical training to meet the learning needs of personnel at all levels. This is of great significance for strengthening the technical personnel of maternal and child health care institutions and improving their service capacity.

16.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ; (6): 271-277, 2021.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-878731

RESUMO

With the upsurge of medical artificial intelligence,the use of computer vision technology to study medical images,which can effectively help doctors to identify and screen diseases,has become a focus of researchers.This paper summarizes the basic situation,specific information,related research,and data sharing and utilizing ways of foreign breast image datasets.This review provides inspirations for the opening of Chinese medical and health data.


Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem
17.
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration ; (12): 534-537, 2021.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-912796

RESUMO

The reform of public medical institutions is a critical and difficult breakthrough in furthering the healthcare system reform in China, for which the performance appraisal of public hospitals can serve an important role. The performance policy documents of tertiary public hospitals, secondary public hospitals and primary medical and health institutions in China since 2019 were compared and analyzed, to systematically identify the similarities and differences and development rules of the three evaluation index systems. The study analyzed the impacts of the three systems on the management of medical institutions and provided reference suggestions for improving their performance evaluation. It was found that all the three systems aim at guiding tertiary public hospitals to evolve from the pattern centering on scale expansion to that on quality and benefits, guiding secondary ones to improve their capacity of medical services, and guiding primary medical institutions to focus on basic medical and public health services. However, these systems lack indexes on hierarchical diagnosis and treatment for secondary hospitals and application of examination results, while national surveillance indexes on primary ones accounted for only 23.8% of all. It is recommended to dynamically adjust both the performance evaluation index system and the surveillance methods, and to enhance the application of examination results and development of supporting policies as well.

18.
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration ; (12): 257-260, 2021.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-912737

RESUMO

Objective:To analyze the impact of Beijing Medical Reform on inpatient costs of medical and surgical patients in a hospital, and to provide reference for the hospital to explore the path of patient cost control.Methods:Based on the data of medical and surgical inpatients′ expenses from June 2016 to December 2019 in a hospital in Beijing, breakpoint regression method was used to analyze the impact of the two reforms(namely the comprehensive reform of separation of medicine and pharmacy and the comprehensive reform of medical consumption linkage)on the level of medical and surgical inpatients′ expenses and the cost structure of drugs and consumables.Results:The two reforms controlled the rapid rise of hospitalization expenses and reduced the proportion of drugs and medical consumption. The effect of the reforms on the total cost control of internal medical patients was better than that of surgical patients.For internal medical patients, the reform of separation of medicine and pharmacy played a greater role in the proportion of medicine; For surgical patients, the two reforms had effectively reduced the proportion of consumables, and the proportion of drugs had gradually decreased.Conclusions:The two reforms have effectively controlled the growth trend of hospitalization expenses, and changed the cost structure of drugs and consumables.

19.
Palliative Care Research ; : 215-224, 2021.
Artigo em Japonês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-886246

RESUMO

Purpose: We held workshops (WSs) that recommend the use of advance care planning (ACP) for medical and health care professionals, and clarified whether or not these WSs motivated them to engage in their own ACP using two indicators: the proportion of professionals who wanted to conduct ACP and changes in the Death Attitude Inventory (DAI). Method: After the WS, we divided participants into two groups, depending on whether or not they wanted to have end-of-life discussions with their family and loved ones. The changes in the DAI brought about by the WSs and their impressions of the WS were compared between the groups. Results: A total of 91 participants were analyzed, of which 42 (46.2%) wanted to have end-of-life discussions with their family and loved ones. In both groups, “afterlife view” and “death anxiety and fear” in the DAI were significantly reduced after the WS when compared to attitudes from before the WS. In the group which wanted to have end-of-life discussions, “death avoidance” (effect size −0.42) and “sense of purpose in life” (effect size 0.51) changed significantly and positively. Conclusion: About half of the participants wanted to perform ACP after having attended the WSs, apparently due to an increased sense of purpose in life and a reduced death avoidance.

20.
Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics ; (12): 1125-1130, 2020.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-855762

RESUMO

AIM: Given the fact that Chongqing is a place rich in medical resource and the government is marking every effort in promoting the reform of drug clinical trial evaluation and the development of medical and health industry, the present study was designed to evaluating the current status of drug clinical research institute in Chongqing by investigating its administrative staff to further find ways for innovative development. METHODS: This study conducted a questionnaire survey on 54 managers from 20 clinical drug trial institutions in our city and systematically analyzed the level of institutions construction in our city by comparing the corresponding public data.RESULTS: Analyze of questionnaire survey revealed that the projected preformed in Chongqing were mainly from domestic pharmaceutical companies (90.00%) while 65%of the institutes took less than 40 projects in the past 3 years. The working seniority of administrative staff were mainly less than 6 years (79.59%) while some of the administrative staff still didn't get systemic training on clinical research. Additionally, public data analyze has revealed that 81 projects were registered as "ongoing" on ClinicalTrails.gov in the past 3 years in 22 drug clinical research institutes in Chongqing, which is much less than that in Beijing (61 institutes, 433 projects) and Shanghai (53 institutes, 326 projects). CONCLUSION: It is of great urgency to promote the development of drug clinical research institutes in Chongqing. The acceleration of innovative development of medical and health industry could be achieved by integrating the city's medical resources and constructing regional drug clinical research institute system.

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