Research progress on plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles and their applications / 中国中药杂志

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles(PELNs) are a class of membranous vesicles with diameters approximately ranging from 30 to 300 nm, isolated from plant tissues. They contain components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. PELNs play an important role in the metabolism of plant substances and immune defense, and can also cross-regulate the physiological activities of fungi and animal cells, showing significant potential applications. In recent years, research on PELNs has significantly increased, highlighting three main issues:(1) the mixed sources of plant materials for PELNs;(2) the lack of a unified system for isolating and characterizing PELNs;(3) the urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-regulation of biological functions by PELNs. This article focused on these concerns. It began by summarizing the biological origin and composition of PELNs, discussing the techniques for isolating and characterizing PELNs, and analyzing their biomedical applications and potential future research directions., aiming to promote the establishment of standardized research protocols for PELNs and provide theoretical references for in-depth exploration of the mechanisms underlying PELNs' cross-regulatory effects.

The research status and development trends of brain-computer interfaces in medicine / 生物医学工程学杂志

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have become one of the cutting-edge technologies in the world, and have been mainly applicated in medicine. In this article, we sorted out the development history and important scenarios of BCIs in medical application, analyzed the research progress, technology development, clinical transformation and product market through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and looked forward to the future trends. The results showed that the research hotspots included the processing and interpretation of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the development and application of machine learning algorithms, and the detection and treatment of neurological diseases. The technological key points included hardware development such as new electrodes, software development such as algorithms for EEG signal processing, and various medical applications such as rehabilitation and training in stroke patients. Currently, several invasive and non-invasive BCIs are in research. The R&D level of BCIs in China and the United State is leading the world, and have approved a number of non-invasive BCIs. In the future, BCIs will be applied to a wider range of medical fields. Related products will develop shift from a single mode to a combined mode. EEG signal acquisition devices will be miniaturized and wireless. The information flow and interaction between brain and machine will give birth to brain-machine fusion intelligence. Last but not least, the safety and ethical issues of BCIs will be taken seriously, and the relevant regulations and standards will be further improved.

Monitoring on individual dose among radiation workers in medical institutions in Shanghai from 2015 to 2019 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the individual dose level and changing trend in the occupational external exposure of radiation workers in Shanghai， and provide scientific evidence for health risk assessment for radiation workers. MethodsIn the Occupational Health Management System for Radiation Workers of the National Health Commission-External Exposure Personal Monitoring and Management Subsystem， we retrieved the monitoring data of 38 077 external exposure individual dose of all medical radiation workers in Shanghai from 2015 to 2019. Using clustered sampling method， a total of 11 370 radiation workers in medical institutions （including tertiary， secondary， and primary hospitals） were selected in the study. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0. ResultsThe collective annual effective dose of 11 370 radiation workers was determined to be 4.340 person Sv， including 2.270 man·mSv in diagnostic radiology， 1.112 man·mSv in interventional radiology， and <0.5 man·mSv in other categories. The average annual effective dose was 0.382 mSv， which was 0.482 mSv in nuclear medicine， 0.431 mSv in radiotherapy， and <0.5 mSv in other categories. Moreover， the average annual effective dose of 6 workers （0.05%） was higher than 5 mSv， whereas that of 10 453 workers （92%） were less than 1 mSv； in addition， the annual dose of 911 workers （8.0%） was between 1‒5 mSv. All workers had average annual effctive dose lower than 20 mSv. The annual effective dose differed significantly by years （F=161.1， P<0.01）， by occupational groups （F=13.5， P<0.01）， and by hospital levels （F=264.5， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe average annual effective dose of radiation workers in medical institutions in Shanghai is lower than the national standard limit， suggesting proper and adequate radiation protection system and measures in medical institutions.

Applications, industrial transformation and commercial value of brain-computer interface technology / 生物医学工程学杂志

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionary human-computer interaction technology, which includes both BCI that can output instructions directly from the brain to external devices or machines without relying on the peripheral nerve and muscle system, and BCI that bypasses the peripheral nerve and muscle system and inputs electrical, magnetic, acoustic and optical stimuli or neural feedback directly to the brain from external devices or machines. With the development of BCI technology, it has potential application not only in medical field, but also in non-medical fields, such as education, military, finance, entertainment, smart home and so on. At present, there is little literature on the relevant application of BCI technology, the current situation of BCI industrialization at home and abroad and its commercial value. Therefore, this paper expounds and discusses the above contents, which are expected to provide valuable information for the public and organizations, BCI researchers, BCI industry translators and salespeople, and improve the cognitive level of BCI technology, further promote the application and industrial transformation of BCI technology and enhance the commercial value of BCI, so as to serve mankind better.

Discussion on the radiation protection and safety in medical use of ionizing radiation in China / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

The rapid development of medical application of ionizing radiation has seen a range of safety and protection problems that might be of importance. This paper aims to introduce the current situation and existing problems in the public medical exposure, and to propose the relevant suggestions, based on a combination of judgment of medical radiation exposure justification, quality assurance and control of equipment in radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, occupational protection of radiation workers, and health effects on patients undergoing radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy.

Application of semantic segmentation based on convolutional neural network in medical images / 生物医学工程学杂志

With the rapid development of network structure, convolutional neural networks (CNN) consolidated its position as a leading machine learning tool in the field of image analysis. Therefore, semantic segmentation based on CNN has also become a key high-level task in medical image understanding. This paper reviews the research progress on CNN-based semantic segmentation in the field of medical image. A variety of classical semantic segmentation methods are reviewed, whose contributions and significance are highlighted. On this basis, their applications in the segmentation of some major physiological and pathological anatomical structures are further summarized and discussed. Finally, the open challenges and potential development direction of semantic segmentation based on CNN in the area of medical image are discussed.

Polyisobutylene and its thermoplastic elastomers: How to transform from industry to medical treatment / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Polyisobutylene and block copolymer and its crosslinked product are a kind of novel thermoplastic elastomer. They have unique properties and excellent biocompatibility, which is a promising medical biomaterial and applied extensively. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress and applications of polyisobutylene and its thermoplastic elastomers, and to discuss the application prospect of polyisobutylene-based polymers as medical implant materials. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang databases was conducted for the articles about polyisobutylene published from 1958 to 2019. The key words were “polyisobutylene and block copolymer, polyisobutylene and thermoplastic elastomer, polyisobutylene and biomaterials, polyisobutylene and modification, polyisobutylene and medical application” in English and Chinese, respectively. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 65 eligible articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polyisobutylene and block copolymer and its crosslinked products have favorable biocompatibility and stability. By making full use of polyisobutylene-based materials’ advantages, with the combination of other biomaterials and usage of new technology for surface modification, the copolymer will be more competitive in the field of medical implant in the future, including eye implant materials, soft biomaterials and drug delivery systems.

Exploration on the Ethical Issues of Nanotechnology in Medical Application / 中国医学伦理学

The nanotechnology has been successfully applied in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and develops rapidly.As a cutting-edge technique,there exist a series of ethical issues when applying nanotechnology in human body,such as risk management,benefit assessment,privacy protection and informed consent.Clinical trials initiated by researchers also face ethical challenges.Therefore,it should study on the ethical issues when using nanotechnology in medicine.To insure the healthy development of nanotechnology in medical application,the regulations and rules should be improved,the assessment of risks and benefits should be strengthened,the ethical review should be reinforced,and the awareness level of the researchers should be enhanced.

Clinical Application Analysis of Insulin and Its Analogs in Hospitals of Nanjing during 2011-2013 / 中国药师

Objective:To evaluate the application status and change trends of insulin and its analogs in Nanjing area during 2011 to 2013. Methods:The varieties, sales amount and DDDs of insulin and its analogs in 43 hospitals of Nanjing during 2011 to 2013 were analyzed. Results:The use of insulin and its analogs was increased year by year from 2011 to 2013 with the average annual growth rate of 16%. Glargine, pre-mixed insulin 30R, aspart 30, human insulin and aspart ranked the top five in the sum of money with the proportion above 80%. Pre-mixed insulin 30R, aspart 30, glargine, human insulin and common insulin ranked the top 5 in DDDs. Conclusion:The application of insulin and its analogs is wide in clinics, and the usage and sum of money both show rapid growth trend.

Children’s Seasonal Asthma Treated with Electrophoresis Combined with Chinese Medical Application / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]According to the principle of TCM “treat the root for chronic disease”, explore the curative effect of electrophoresis combined with Chinese medical application on children’s seasonal asthma. [Method] Divided 96 patients into 2 groups, the odd ones as control group 44 cases, the even ones treatment group 52 cases. Make medical application to both groups, add electrophoresis and other relative nursing measures to the treatment group.[Result]The effective rate of the treatment one was higher than the control(P

Review of semiconductor laser in medical applications / 医疗卫生装备

The application of semiconductor laser in medicine has extended rapidly with the development of its series techniques. Semiconductor laser has its own advantages, such as small body, light weight, low price and optional wavelengths. The application of semiconductor laser is limited within two fields, which covers other lasers' application fields. One is the utilization of its optic property for tissue detection and disease diagnosis, and the other is the utilization of its biological effect for disease therapy. The two kinds of application are both specified in this paper.